大学英语四级题型分析(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,四级题型分析,听力理解,阅读理解,词汇与语法,简答题,完形填空,英译汉,写作,1,听力理解的关键及技巧,分值占总分的35%，共35题，考试时间20分钟。它分为三节：A节(Section A）有15题，前八个题分别含一组短对话，对话后有一个问句。后七个题是长对话，对话后有三到四个问句。B节(Section B)有10个题，分别安排在若干篇听力材料之后，每篇后有二至四道题，每题为一个问句，听力部分的每个问句后有大约15秒的间隙，要求学生从试卷给出的每题四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。录音的速度为每分钟约120词，念一遍。C节(Section C)是复合式听力，共有10个空，前面7个为单词或短语，后面3个为长句子。后面3个句子的听写可以用自己的话语将关键信息组织或串联起来。,2,听力理解部分的命题是以多项选择方式测试考生，该部分的题型一般有以下五种：计算题，判断题，语法结构题，词汇题，语义题。,3,应试技巧:1.对话题型分析及应试技巧:A.通过预览选择项 预测对话涉及的内容和将会提出的问题;B.要善于理解间接表达法或会话的交际含义,即理解话语的言下之意.短文题型的应试技巧：A.综合预览涉及某篇听力短文的几道题的选择项，这样可大致推断听力材料的体裁和话题听力材料的选材多为叙述和说明文体B.全神贯注，整体把握C.边听边记，用简单的文字或符号记下主要信息或情节,4,听写填空应试技巧：A快速流览听写填空的书面材料，了解大致内容B听第一遍时，重在听懂缺失部分的信息，顺便写出较容易的部分，或速记下某些部分，如只记下单词前一两个字母C由于听力填写所缺词语多为一个句子的一部分，与书面材料上已有的部分有密切的语法和语义联系因此，听写后可检查一下所填词语在语法意思上与整个句子是否吻合,5,复合式听写应试技巧：A在做复合式听写时，应充分利用所提供的书面文字，判断检查所填的词或句子是否与上下文相吻合，语法上是否正确B对复合式听写的后三个句子，若可能的话，尽量按原文写出若某个单词未听懂，或拼写不出，没有把握，可换词或改变表达方式,6,C复合式听写共念三遍，其中第一遍为全文朗读，填空处无停顿，这时考生应以听为主，借助文字材料理解和把握全篇内容和脉络，顺便填写有把握的单词，记一点笔记第二遍时，要尽量记住所听的句子的各个意群，并快速记下第三遍时，着重弥补未听清的部分，并检查有无错误,7,阅读理解应试技巧,阅读理解常见题型：词汇题句义题指代题细节题推理题是非题篇章层次题中心思想题体裁题观点题,应试技巧：词的理解A利用构词法猜测词义词义（词缀；合成词）B利用上下文推测词义（根据近义词和反义词猜测词义；根据定义和举例等推测词义，,8,对于某些新生词汇和科技术语及作者估计教难理解的词，作者往往会利用下定义及举例及比喻及重复说明等方法来帮助读者理解；注意词义的转换和一词多义现象）意群的理解句子的理解：A语法是基础B注重对隐含意义和深层含义的理解段落的理解,9,阅读理解应试技巧,阅读理解为35分钟,占总分的35%,其中仔细阅读25%，快速阅读10%,仔细阅读一般为三篇文章,其中两篇是选择型的篇章阅读理解（4选一形式），另外一篇是篇章层次的词汇理解（选词填空形式）。,快速阅读理解部分测试的是浏览阅读和查读能力。,10,理解篇章的理解：A把握文章的主旨大意B了解作者的写作意图C通过体裁把握文章结构（描述文：一般是对某一事物或人详尽的描写，使读者感到栩栩如生阅读此类文章应注重对事实细节的理解；记叙文：一般是对一件或一系列事情的叙述从结构上来看，每一件事都有其开端和发展和高潮和结论文章开头都会对进行介绍，而其中可能包括考点对于这类文章，我们除了要了解细节，更要抓住作者的写作意图,11,篇章阅读理解,1.文章或段落的开头处文章的结尾总结处常考（围绕文章的主题句出推理判断题或主旨大意题),2.特殊标点或印刷体处常考（破折号，括号；冒号；引号；感叹号；）这些特殊标点前后的信息都常常是考点,3.转折，对比，举例，并列等特殊句式处常考,12,正确选项与干扰选项,1.错误选项往往是简单对原文断章取义，概括不全面或以偏概全；,2.正确选项为原文信息的同义改写，是具有高度概括性的结论；,13,篇章词汇理解与完型填空,1.考试形式不同。完型共有20个空，要求选择一个最佳答案使短文的意思和结构完整。而篇章词汇理解只有10个空，要求从15个备选答案中选择,2.填空的词项词性不同。完型的词项包括实词和虚词。（名词，动词，数次，形容词，副词；代词，冠词，介词，连词，关系词等）篇章词汇理解只有实词。,14,答题技巧,1.浏览阅读,2.迅速将词库中的词按照词性分类。名词要注意单复数，动词要注意原型还是分词；及物动词与否；形容词和副词要注意是否比较级或最高级,3.联系上下文选词，结合语境和语法进行综合筛选,15,阅读长难句讲解,1.Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term,about 78 years for men in Austria,youll die on average five years before a woman.,分析：本句为简单句。句子主干是youll die.,16,2.Store managers are often the last to hear complaints,and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors,according to a study jointly conducted by Verde Croup and Wharton School.,分析：本句为并列复合句。when引导时间状语从句,17,3.Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century,but-regardless of whether it is or isnt-we wont do much about it.,分析：本句为并列句。句子主干为global warming.,but we wont.about it.,18,4.But at the same time,the opening of national borders to the flow of goods,services,information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration,mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.,分析：本句为简单句。句子主干是the opening has made universities a powerful force.,19,5.Regardless of how its sold,the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health,our wish to appear cultivated,and even a longing for lost purity.,分析：本句为复合句。句子主干为：the popularity taps into our desire,our wish,and a longing.,20,6.From offering classes that teach students how to legally manipulate contracts,to reinforcing the notion of profit over community interests,Etzioni has seen a lot thats left him shaking his head.,分析：本句为复合句。主句为：Etzioni has seen a lot.,21,作者往往是通过对事情的叙述来反映他的观点或说明一个道理；说明文：这是四，六级阅读测试中常考的一种体裁这类文章结构比较清晰，通常分为主题段，介绍段，铺陈段，转折段，过渡段和结论段考点多侧重事实细节的理解和文章各部分的逻辑关系这类文章一般比较客观，目的是为了告知，但有时也会加上作者的观点，多出现在文章结尾；,22,议论文：这也是四，六级阅读测试中常考的一种体裁文章结构分为论点，论据和结论三个部分这类文章主要是对作者论点的把握一般作者都试图说服读者接受或者反对某一观点，主观性较强其写作目的是为了论证或使读者信服,23,四级作文全接触,要求：I:在规定的30分钟内完成一篇词数不少于120个词的短文；写作命题源于日常生活和有关科技及社会文化等方面的一般常识，不涉及知识面过广及专业性太强的内容命题方式：给出题名，规定情景，给出段首句续写，给出关键词写短文或看图作文要求内容切题，文理通顺，表达正确，语义连贯，连贯性，无重大语言错误,24,II:阅卷标准共分五等：2分，5分，8分，11分，14分。字数不足应酌情扣分：110-119扣1分；100-109扣2分；90-99扣3分；80-89扣5分；70-79扣7分；少于69扣9分；只写一段给0-4分；只写两段给0-9分。,III:作文最低分定为6分；作文为0分时，若总分高于60分，一律按59分计；若总分低于60分,则按总分减6计分；作文分大于0分，小于6分，则按总分减6再加实际作文分计分。,25,样卷1(得分为2分),Bicycles-an Important Means of Transport in China,As every body know,China is a big developing country.So,the living standard of people not very high at present peoples income is not enough for they to buy cars motor-cycles.And bike is easy to ride.Bicycle is cheaper be made.And I think bicycle the useful tool transport in China now.So it is quite popular and widely used in Chinas cities and country sides than the personal transportation-tool.,26,样卷2(得分为5分),Perhaps the amount of bicycle in China is the largest in the world.Why was it so widely used in China?I thought the answer was:the population in China is too large and the price of bicycle is much cheaper.The third answer is that the bicycle is easier in using than other transportations.,Comparing with the car,the bicycle is cheaper and it is easier in using than the car,but its speed is lower than that of the car.,The bicycle will be remained for a long time in China but in the end it will be disappeared with the improval of peoples living level.,27,样卷3(得分为8分),Bicycle is an important means of transport in China.The important,reason of it is the economy of Chinese.The use of bicycle in China is,widely because people in China have not high wage.They can only afford,a bicycle,and they have no money to buy a car which is too expensive.,So Chinese usually buy a bicycle,and use it to go work,or go to travel,and so on.The other reason is the large population of China.All these,made the bicycle become the important means of transport.,The bicycle,compared to the car,is not too expensive and it is easy,to learn and to use and it can save the surface of putting it.It doesnt ask,to build the garage like car.This point is very important to China,because,of the lack of land.It isnt too expensive,so Chinese can afford it.It,doesnt need any oil,and it cant cause the pollution.All of these are the,good needs compared to the car.,In the future,bicycle will be widely used.And it will be in good,demand.People will produce much more modern bicycles.,28,样卷4(得分为11分),There are millions of bicycles in todays China.Bicycles are very,important means of transport in peoples daily lives.Because to ride a,bicycle is very simple,to buy a bicycle will not cost so much money,to,park a bicycle needs a small room and to ride a bicycle does not need oil,but the riders strength,bicycles are popular all over the world,Especially in China.,Compared with a car,a bicycle is much cheaper.It is more suitable,for China as a developing country.And a bicycle has almost caused no,pollution but a car has.On the contrary,a bicycle is too slow,it costs,more times than a car.,I think in China,bicycles will not decrease in number in the near,future.Because it will be replaced by a car,a bus and so on in some,developed areas in China,and it will be made wide use in the developing,areas in China,the number of bicycles in China will be the same as today,but I believe that its quality will be improved.,29,样卷5(得分为14分),Bicycles are very popular in China.Almost every family in the city,has two or three bicycles.During the rush hour,you can see that,thousands of peoplemen and women,old and youngride their,bicycles to work and study.That is why China is called“the kingdom of,bicycles.”,Compared with cars,bicycles are superior in many ways.First,they,are cheap,convenient and easy to ride.Second,riding bicycle is good for,health.Third,they bring no noise nor air pollution.Though cars are faster,and more comfortable,they are too expensive.They consume plenty of,oil and they pollute the air.Sometimes,it is difficult for a driver to park,his car.Moreover,they often cause traffic jams and accidents.,In my opinion,the future of bicycle is very promising.Since China is,a developing country and has a large population,I think,riding bicycle is,appropriate to Chinese present conditions.It will be an important means,of transportation for quite a long time.,30,语法,非谓语动词的使用；虚拟语气；情态动词；关,联词；倒装结构及比较结构等方面.,一：谓语动词的时与态,1.谓语动词的时包含：一般现在时，一般过去时，进行时，完成时，将来时,A：在Its time,would rather等结构之后的that从句中用一般过去时,B：与过去完成时连用的时间状语hardly/scarcelywhen,no soonerthan,before等也可以是as soon as,by,until等后接过去时间点引导的词组或从句.,31,For example:Until then,his family,_ from him for six months.,A.didnt hear;B.hasnt been hearing;C.hasnt heard;D.hadnt heard,For example:It seems the oil _ from this pipe for some time.Well have to take the machine apart to put it right.(完成进行时常和for some time连用),A.had leaked B.is leaking C.leaked D.has been leaking,32,C.将来时：一般将来时的特殊结构to be+动词原形 ;将来完成时表示到未来某一时间将会完成的动作往往与by后接过去时间点引导的词组连用,For example:Sir Denis,who is 78,has made it known that much of his collection _ to the nation.A.has left B.is to leave C.leave D.is to be left,For example:The conference,_,a full week by the time it ends.,A.must have lasted B.will have lasted C.would last D.has lasted,2.谓语动词的态（主要是考查时与态的结合）,33,非谓语动词的形式：动词不定式,-ing分词,-ed分词,1.CET4主要考查非谓语动词作定语和分词作状语:,For example:All things_,the planned trip will have to be called off.,considered B.be considered C.considering D.having considered,For example:The crop has similar qualities to the previous one,_ both wind-resistant and adapted to the same type of soil.,being B.been C.to be D.having been,For example:The pressure_ causes Americans to be energetic,but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.,A.to compete B.competing C.to be competed D.having competed,For example:So many directors_,the board meeting had to be put off.,A.were absent B.being absent C.been absent D.had been absent,34,CET4偶尔考查分词作宾语补足语和-ing分词作主语:,For example:_ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.,A.The girl was educated B.The girl educated C.The girl being educated D.The girl to be educated,For example:Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it_ in Cuba.,A.being cultivated B.been cultivated C.having cultivated D.cultivating,For example:His remarks left me _ about his real purpose.,A.wondered B.wonder C.to wonder D.wondering,35,虚拟语气主要分两种:,be-型语气和were-型虚拟语气.be-型虚拟语气指从句中谓语动词用动词原形,should可以省略;were-型虚拟语气指从句中谓语动词用动词过去时.,1.Be-型虚拟语气主要用于以下两种情况:,A.用于表示命令决定建议等词语(包括动词ask,decide,demand,insist,order,prefer,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest,vote,名词decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,proposal,resolution,request,requirement,suggestion,形容词advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory,proper,vital等)之后的that从句中.,36,For example:It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios_ after11 oclock at night.,A.were not played B.not to play C.not be played,D.did not play,For example:It is vital that enough money_ to fund the project.,A.be collected B.must be collected C.is collected D.can be collected,For example:The suggestion that the mayor_ the prizes was accepted by everyone.,A.would present;B.present;C.presents;D.ought to present,37,2.were-型虚拟语气主要用于以下两种情况,1).用于if,if only,as if等引导的分句中表示与事实不符的假设,如:,For example:If only the committee_ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.,A.approve B.will approve C.can approve D.would approve,2).用于wish,would rather/would sooner,it is(high)time以及以 imagine,suppose所带的从句中.,For example:Id rather you_ make any comment on the issue for the time being.,A.dont do B.wouldnt C.didnt D.shouldt,For example:Its already 5 now.Dont you think its about time_?,A.were going home;B.we go home;C.we went home;D.we can gohome,For example:I wish I _ in a different time and a different place.,A.be living B.were living C.would live D.would have lived,38,情态动词的基本用法,1.can后接完成时常用否定形式表示某事不可能发生过,Example:You_ her in her office last Friday;shes been out of town for two weeks.A.neednt have seen B.must have been C.might have seen D.cant have seen,2.could后接完成时,一可表示“那时不可能”,二可表示“那时本来可能”.,Example:Some women_ a good salary instead of staying at home.,A.must take B.should have made C.would make D.could have made,3.may后接完成时,表示“可能已经”,Example:It was very kind of you to do the washing-up,but you_ it.,A.mustnt have done B.didnt have to do C.wouldt have done D.mightnt have done didnt have to do sth.=neednt have done sth.,4.need not后接完成时,表示“做了没必要做的事”,5.would后接完成时,常用于虚拟语气,表示“本来可能已经,”,39,关联词,1.as作为关系代词,可以代替整个句子或一件事,如:,Example:_ might be expected,the response to the question was very mixed.,As B.That C.It D.What,2.that,引导同位语从句,Example:The mere fact _ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not occur.,A.what B.which C.that D.why,3.which,引导定语从句,(,考查的多为非限制性定语从句,偶尔为限制性定语从句,),Example:Living in the central Australian desert has its problems,_ obtaining water is not the least.,A.for which B.to which C.of which D.in which,40,CET4,考查的倒装结构主要出现在以下三种情况中:,1.,句首为否定词(包括短语)如,never,not,only,seldom,等时,主句主谓倒装,Example:We have been told that under no circumstances_ the telephone in the office for personal affairs.,A.may we use B.we may use C.we could use D.did we use,2.虚拟条件句中,Example:Had he worked harder,he_ the exams.,A.must have passed B.would have passed C.would pass D.could pass,3.as,引导的让步状语从句中,Example:_,he does get annoyed with her sometimes.,A.Although much he likes her B.Much although he likes her,C.As he likes her much D.Much as her likes her,41,比较结构,1.as.as 1)asas用于肯定句,被比较的两部分必须是可以并列的同类.,Example:I wasnt bothered by his loudness_by his lack of talent.,A.than B.more than C.as D.so much as,2):,表示倍数的句型:倍数,+as+,形容词,/,副词,(+,名词,)+as,Example:Americans eat,twice as much protein as,they actually need.,2.morethan,此结构表示“比更”;还有“与其不如”,Example:There are few electronic applications _to raise fears regarding future employment opportunities than robots.,A.likely B.more likely C.most likely D.much likely,3.would ratherthan,“宁可而不”,4.the sameas“,如同一样”,Example:Melted iron is poured into the mixer much,in the same way,as,tea is poured into a cup from a teapot.,42,词汇测试类型及方法,词汇测试类型,1.近义词辨别Example:resident,lodger,settler,inhabitant,2.形似词辨异Example:arise,raise,rise,arouse,3.惯用短语的辨义Example:hand out/down/over,4.习惯搭配/表达的识别Example:by的用法,词汇学习的几种方法:1.联想法 (同类法 同音法 近形法)2派生法(从构词法的角度，英语的词可分为简单词，派生词，复合词和新古典复合词)3.习语法 4.篇章法,43,简答题考点,CET考卷中“简答题”每次考试出一篇文章,长约300字左右,文章后有5道题目,形式为涉及文章主题或细节的回答题或补充不完整的句子.要求考生在读懂文章的基础上用正确简洁的语言答题,可以是句子,也可以是单词或短语(每题答案不超过10个单词).总分值为10分,考试用时为15分钟.,答题时应注意两点:一是读懂文章,二是能用正确简洁的语言回答问题.,简答题的命题类型主要分四类:中心思想题,局部细节题,判断推理题和词汇题.在做简答题的短文阅读时,可以先看问题,将5个问题题干仔细读一遍,分清问题的种类,了解问题是问文章主题还是问文中某一具体事实细节,每个题目中的关键词语是什么,然后再针对问题的类型,确定每一个问题是与全文内容有关,还是与文中哪个句子或段落有关,最后通过总结归纳,分析推理等,用合适的英语词,词组或句子表达出问题的答案.,44,中心思想题在考查学生理解所读文章主旨大意的能力,.要确定中心思想必须掌握行文的规则或规律:一般说来,点明中心思想的句子往往出现在文章的第一段.其余尽管都有各自的主题句,但它们都围绕中心思想展开.而文章的最后一段往往重新点题,与第一段呼应.因此,在阅读时要注意运用浏览式阅读方法,首先阅读文章的第一和最后一段,找出相呼应的内容,基本就是文章的中心思想了.答题时的原则:能用单词表达的,绝不用短语或词组;能用短语或词组表达的,绝不用句子;能用简单句表达的,绝不用复合式或复杂句等.,45,局部细节题往往考查对文章中提到的主要情节或关键性细节的理解.阅读时可根据题干中出现的关键提示词如人名,地名,数字等,利用查阅式阅读方式在文章中找到相关的词句及段落,然后读懂上下文即可给出正确答案.,判断推理题主要考查考生能否正确理解隐含在文章字里行间的一些含义.对于某些作者未明确说明的态度,观点等考生要根据逻辑推理作出正确判断.,词汇题考查考生对两种词汇的把握:一是文章中的生词,二是行文中的指代词.特别注意:所给答案的用词必须与问题中所问词,词组或句子在词性和语法结构等方面保持一致.如果问题题干中的词汇,词组是动词性质的,所给的答案用词也必须是动词或动词词组;问题中的词汇,词组是名词性的,则所给的答案用词也