【中考全景透视】2015中考英语人教版一轮复习导学案第十二讲八年级(下)Units7～8.doc

第十二讲　八年级(下)Units 7～8

重点词汇
1.deep(adj.)深的
2．population(n.)人口数量
3．Asia(n.)亚洲
4．ancient(adj.)古代的；古老的
5．thick(adj.)厚的
6．condition(n.)条件
7.force(n.)力量
8．wild(adj.)野生的
9．huge(adj.)巨大的
10．island(n.)岛
11．abroad(adv.)在国外；到国外
12．modern(adj.)现代化；当代的
词汇拓展
1.tour→游客tourist
2．protect→保卫protection
3．achieve→成就；成绩achievement
4．include→(介词)including
5．succeed→(名词)success→(形容词)successful
6.nature→(形容词)natural
7．wake→醒着awake
8．excite→兴奋excitement
9．weigh→(名词)weight
10．ill→(名词)illness
重点短语
1.据我所知 as far as I know
2．吸入；吞入take in
3．面对(问题)in the face of
4．即使；虽然even though＝even if
5．出生时 at birth
6．到达(数量……)up to
7．走路时撞着walk into
8.绊倒fall over
9．大约 or so
10．满是……的；有丰富的full of
11．赶快；急忙hurry up
12．属于 belong to
13．自从 ever since
14．互相 one another
重点句型
1.Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world.
珠穆朗玛峰比世界上其他任何一座山都高。
2．China has the biggest population in the world.中国是世界上人口最多的国家。
3．It's much older than the US.
它比美国要古老得多。
4．Even more serious difficulties included freezing weather conditions and heavy storms.更加严峻的困难包括极冷的天气状况和巨大的风暴。
5．The babies often die from illness and do not live very long.
这些幼崽死于疾病并且活不很长。
6.It's about four sisters growing up．
它是有关于四组妹成长的故事。
7．So I will not give up and I will wait for another ship.所以我不会放弃，而要等下一艘船。
8．Listening to the Toms is a good way to wake up．听汤姆斯乐队的演奏是醒来的一个好方法。
9．When Sarah was a teenager，she used to fight over almost everything with her family.当萨拉还是青少年时，她常常与她的家人在一切事情上作对。
10．She came to realise how much she actually missed all of them.她逐渐意识到实际上她是多么想念他们所有的人。

一、根据句意、首字母或汉语提示，填入恰当的单词。
1．My mother likes winter because of the beauty of snow.
2．About one third of the earth's surface is land，the rest is water.
3．You should wait in line to buy tickets.
4．We can walk across the river.It isn't deep．
5．Wendy is a panda.She eats 8 kilos of bamboo every day.
6．Bianque was a famous doctor in ancient China.
7．I have been back home from the desert(沙漠)．
8．I don't like the working conditions(环境) here.
9．What technologies(科技) or tools may I use to do this?
10．My brother has never been abroad(到国外) before.
二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
11．Have you decided yet which book to_write(write) for English class?
12．I can feel his excitement(exciting) of becoming a parent.
13．His illness(ill) was worse than the doctor first thought.
14．Day by day she seems to grow a littletaller(tall)．
15．A thin coat gives little protection(protect) against the cold.
三、根据汉语完成英语句子。
16．当你等公共汽车时，请排队。
Please wait in line when you wait for the bus.
17．在公共场所大声喧哗是不好的。
Talking loudly in public places is not good.
18．如果你看到有人在违反礼节规则，你可以给他提一些建议。
If you see someone breaking the rules of etiquette，you may give him some suggestions.
19．凯特太害羞了，没有和他们交朋友。
Kate is too shy to make friends with them.
20．今晚我想去看电影而不是看电视。
I want to go to the movies rather than watch TV tonight.

一、China has the biggest population in the world.中国是世界上人口最多的国家。
【考点精讲】
population是一个集合名词，意为“人口”。
(1)population常与定冠词the连用，作主语时，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。eg：
The world's population is increasing faster and faster.全世界的人口增长得越来越快。
(2)当主语是表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时，谓语动词用复数形式。eg：
About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers.中国大约有百分之七十的人口是农民。
(3)有时population可用作可数名词，其前面可用不定冠词。eg：
New York is a big city with a population of over 10 million.纽约是一个有一千多万人口的大城市。
(4)表示人口的“多”或“少”，不用“much”或“little”，而要用“large”或“small”。eg：
Singapore has a small population.新加坡人口少。
(5)询问某国、某地有多少人口时，不用“How much…？”，而用“How large…？”；问具体人口时用“What's the population of …？”。eg：
How large is the population of your hometown?
你们家乡有多少人口？

The world's population is growing ________，and there is ________ land and water for growing rice.(2012，随州)

A．large；less B．larger；fewer
C．more；less D．more；fewer
【解析】A。修饰population用形容词large或small，排除C、D两项，less修饰不可数名词，fewer修饰可数名词，land为不可数名词，故选A。
【即时演练】
Ⅰ.单项选择。

1．—__A__ the population of China?
—It's about 1.3 billion.(2012，衡阳)
A．What's B．How many
C．How much is
2．China has a __A__ population than any other country in the world.
A．larger B．smaller C．fewer D．more
3．The __A__ of Guangzhou ______ about 8 million.
A．population；is B．population；are
C．people；is D．person；is
Ⅱ.根据汉语完成句子。
4．中国大约有13亿人口。
China has a population of about 1.3 billion.
二、It's 8，844，43 meters high！它8 844.43米高。
【考点精讲】
英语中表示事物的长、宽、高、深、远等的基本结构为：be＋基数词＋名词＋形容词(long/wide/high/deep/away等)，在句中作表语或后置定语。eg：
The bridge is 150 meters long.这座桥长150米。

—How amazing the noodle is！(2014，厦门)
—Yes，it is ________，and breaks the Guinness World Record as the longest handmade noodle.

A．1，704­meter­long B．1，704­meters­long
C．1，704 meter long D．1，704 meters long
【解析】D。英语中表示物体的长度用“基数词＋名词＋形容词”。故选D。 【即时演练】
Ⅰ.单项选择。
1．The Sutong Highway Bridge，a __B__ bridge is already open to traffic.
A．32 kilometers long B．32­kilometer­long
C．32 kilometer long D．32­kilometers­long
2．The river running through our city，which is about __A__，is clean again.
A．6，000 meters long B．6，000­meters­long
C．6，000­meter­long D．6，000 meter long
Ⅱ.根据汉语完成句子。
3．我们的教室6米宽。
Our classroom is about six meters wide．
4．这个洞大约2米深。
The hole is about two meters deep．
5．这条河大约3，700米长。
The river is about 3700 meters long．
三、…，such as the importance of money and success，but not about belonging to a group.比如金钱和成功的重要性，但不属于一类。
【考点精讲】
belong to意为“属于；归……所有，”其中belong是不及物动词，常与介词to连用。后接代词作宾语时，要用宾格形式(不可用物主代词)；后接名词时，也不能用所有格。belong to sb.＝be one's属于某人的，one's是物主代词，或名词所有格形式。eg：
The bicycle belongs to Amy.＝The bicycle is Amy's.这辆自行车是艾米的。
The book belongs to me.＝The book is mine.这本书是我的。
其中，对Amy、me提问用who；对Amy's、mine提问用whose。
【辨析】belong to与have
belong to意为“属于”，而have意为“拥有”；belong to是物作主语，强调某物属于某人，have是人作主语，强调某人拥有某物；belong to不用于进行时，也没有被动语态。eg：
The new bike belongs to Mary.这辆新自行车是玛丽的。 ＝Mary has a new bike.玛丽有一辆新自行车。

The French book must be_Li_Ying's．She's the only one who's studying French.(2013，黄冈)
A．belong to Li Ying's　　B．belong to Li Ying
C．belong Li Ying's D．belong Li Ying
【解析】B。句意“这本法语书一定是李英的。她是唯一学习法语的人。”must be sb's 相当于must belong to sb.故选B。
【即时演练】
Ⅰ.单项选择。

1.Mo Yan，a famous Chinese writer，won the Nobel Prize for literature at the end of the year 2012.We learn that success __C__ the person with a never­give­up attitude.(2013，哈尔滨)
A．drives out 　　　B．takes over 　　　　C．belongs to
2．The hair band must __A__．She's the only girl at the party.
A．belong to Lily B．belong to Lily's
C．be Lily D．is Lily's
3．—Do you know Diaoyu Island？(2014，咸宁)
—Sure.It __C__ China since ancient times.
A．belongs to B．belonged to
C．has belonged to D．is belong to
Ⅱ.根据汉语完成句子。
4．It is well­known that the Diaoyu Islands belong(属于) to China.(2014，烟台)
5．这棵树一定属于我们。(belong to)(2014，枣庄)
The_tree_must_belong_to_us.

四、【辨析】have gone to/have been to/have been in
【考点精讲】
◆have gone to意思是“去了(某地)，还没有回来”，强调某人现在不在说话地，并说明去向。eg：
—Where is your father？你父亲在哪里？
—He has gone to work.他去上班了。
◆have been to意思是“去过(某地)，已经回来”，强调某人曾去过某地。eg：
He has been to Beijing twice.他已去过北京两次了。
◆have been in意为“到某地多长时间了”，常与时间段连用。eg：
I have been in Australia for three years.我到澳大利亚已有三年了。
【注意】have gone to，have been in与have been to后接表示地点的副词there，here等时，介词to和in常省略。 eg：
You have never been there before，have you？你以前从来没有去过那儿，是吗？

Mr.Wang isn't here.I think he ________ Guiyang.(2014，铜仁)
A．has gone to B．has been to
C．goes D．went
【解析】A。考查现在完成时的用法。have been to “曾经去过某地”；have gone to“去某地了，还未回来”。句意：王先生不在这儿，我想他去了贵阳。故选A。
【即时演练】

Ⅰ.单项选择。
1．—Jim isn't in the classroom.Where is he now?
—He __C___ the library.(2014，滨州)
A．will go to B．has been to
C．has gone to D．goes to
2．—Where is your father?
—He __B__ Australia and he ______ Sydney for two weeks.(2013，阜康)
A．has been to；has been in
B．has gone to；has been in
C．has been in；has been to
D．has gone to；has been to
3．—Where is Mr.Wang?
—He together with his students __A__ Zhuyuwan Park.(2014，扬州)
A．has gone to B．have gone to
C．has been to D．have been to
五、【辨析】the number of/a number of
【考点精讲】
◆the number of 意为“……的数量、数目”，of后常接名词的复数形式或单数可数名词。当它作主语，谓语动词须用单数形式。eg：
The number of students in our class is 36.我们班的学生数是36。
◆a number of 意为“许多”，of后可接名词的复数形式。相当于many，可用large，small修饰，表示程度。若作主语，谓语动词一般用复数形式。eg：
A number of students are playing football.许多学生在踢足球。

In our school library there ________ a number of books on science，and in these years the number of them ________ growing larger and larger.(2013，安顺)

A．are；is B．is；are
C．have；are D．has；is
【解析】A。由a number of books可知第一个空应填 are；the number of作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，故选A。
【即时演练】
Ⅰ.单项选择。
1．A number of students __C__ playing on the playground，and the number of students in our school ______ increasing.(2012，绥化)
A．are；are　　　B．is；are　　　C．are；is
2．The number of teachers in our school __B__ greatly increased last term.A number of teachers in this school ______ from the countryside.(2012，河源)
A．was；is B．was；are
C．were；are D．were；is
3．__C__ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are ______ teachers.(2014，黔南州)
A．A number of；women
B．A mumber；woman
C．The number of；women
D．The number of；woman
Ⅱ.用适当的冠词填空。
4．A large number of teachers will visit this museum next Monday.
5．The number of workers in this supermarket is 55.

★★写作专题——方式方法说明文★★
一、要点入门
方式方法说明文在我们的生活中很常见，比如产品使用说明书、操作程序、菜谱等。写作时要注意以下几点：
1．说明的事实要准确。
2．解释某过程时，可将完整的过程分成若干步骤，按照正确的顺序说明，不要遗漏。
3．表达清楚、逻辑性强。要使用一些表示顺序的词语，使文章条理清楚。
二、典型例题
某英语网站进行了一次中学生健康情况调查，发现很多中学生的健康状况令人担忧。主要原因有：饮食结构不合理、体育锻炼不足、作息时间不规律、心理压力大等等。为此，该网站发起了题为How to keep fit的征文活动，倡导健康的生活方式。请你写一篇 100词左右的英语短文，说明如何保持健康。
【思路点拨】
这是一篇方式方法说明文，即介绍保持健康的方法。首先表明令人担忧的健康状况。然后就此提出合理的方式或方法。可以使用祈使句进行方式方法的说明，如Please…或Don't…也可使用You should…You can…等陈述句。另外，为了行文连贯，可用firstly，secondly，at last等构建文章结构。
【写作模版】

↓
→If you …，then you can…Ｋ
【满分范文】
As we all know，health is important to everyone.But how to keep fit?
Firstly，you should have a good diet.Eat vegetables and fruit，just as the old saying says，“An apple a day keeps the doctor away.”
Secondly，you should take more exercise，like running in the park in the morning.And you'd better go to bed early and get up early.As we all know early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy.
At last，you should always try to make yourself happy.
If you follow these tips and form a good habit，you can keep fit.