托福写作主题词汇.docx

附录一独立写作各类话题相关语汇Educationassignment, homework任务，家庭作业required/compulsory courses, elective courses必修课程；选修课程children and youth/adolescent青少年adapt to sth./adjust oneself to sth./become accustomed to sth.适应segregate students, team spirit, think independently区分对待学生；团队精神；独立思考students feedback/input, student appraise/evaluate their teachers performance学生的反馈；学生对老师的评价generalist, specialist, well-rounded/versatile通才；专才；多才多艺的人humanities, social science, arts, science and engineering, basic sciences, applied sciences人文；社科；艺术；科技；基础科 学；应用科学self-discipline自制，自我约束interact, participation/involvement交互；参与schooling, parenting, vocational education, curriculum上学；父母教育；职业教育；课程be proficient in, well-acquainted with, role model, perform well在.方面很在行peer pressure, overprotective, frustration同辈压力；过度保护；崩溃thought-provoking, enlightening, inspiring激发思考的；启迪的，激发的cultivate/foster/nurture培养，养成refreshing, uplifting, motivating振奋人心的juvenile delinquency/youth crime, bully, truancy青少年犯罪；欺凌；逃学impart/inculcate knowledge传授知识instill high moral values灌输高尚的道德观employable/marketable skills就业技能force-feed the students填鸭教育学生memorize for memorizations own sake为了记忆而记忆memorize equations, formulas, theorems and laws背诵公式理论和定理60follow sth. blindly/follow sth. indiscriminately盲目跟从；不加区分地跟从extinguish/stifle/constrain creativity限制、扼杀创造力dampen/sap the students enthusiasm打击学生热情adverse circumstances/adversity逆境Technologystate-of-the-art, cutting edge尖端的revolutionize彻底改革automated, mechanized自动化的；机械化的mass-production大规模生产cost-effective/economical性价比高的transform改变breakthrough突破break boundaries打破界限advance发展，前进information overload, information explosion信息过量；信息爆炸inconceivable, novel, user-friendly想象不到的；原创的；用户友好的speed up/accelerate, augment/enhance/boost efficiency加速；提高效率innovation, ingenious创新；有独创性的at a staggering rate以一种令人惊愕的速度ultra-lightweight, portable超级轻便的；可携带的transaction交易the proliferation of the Internet/the intensive use of the Internet/the widespread use of the Internet网络的普及Mediacuriosity好奇心dependable/trustworthy值得信赖的coverage覆盖面make headlines, newsworthy成为头版头条；有新闻价值的informative, entertaining信息量大的；娱乐的privacy, violate/intrude on/infringe on someones privacy隐私；侵犯某人隐私69ratings评分go viral/all the rage变得流行journalists/the press记者；报刊，新闻界groupies, icon, make a splash追星族；偶像；产生轰动clarify, censorship澄清；审查blow things out of proportion, exaggerate things夸大事实commercial, flyer, billboard, poster, tabloid电视广告；传单；广告牌；海报；小报quiz show, reality show, talk show, variety show智力竞争节目；真人秀；脱口秀；综艺节目sitcom, soap opera, current affairs情景喜剧；肥皂剧；实事the print media/the electronic media纸媒；电子媒体be awash with/be inundated with/be saturated with sth.被所充斥delete/eliminate/excise删除excessive/gratuitous violent and pornographic contents过量的暴力和色情内容misleading/misrepresented/distorted误导的，扭曲的celebrities, scandals名人；丑闻up-to-date/up-to-the-minute最新的code of ethics/code of conduct道德准则，行为准则ubiquitous/prevalent无所不在的high-profile, low-profile高调，低调fabricated, absurd/ludicrous编造的；荒谬的Work& Successdetermination决心motto座右铭established确定的a household name, glorious人尽皆知的人；光荣的fame, prestige, reputation名气；威望；名声misfortune, despair不幸；绝望attitude, tenacity/perseverance态度；毅力；坚持不懈commitment/undertaking/endeavor承诺；事业；努力，尽力highly-sought-after被高度追求的have a yearning/longing/craving for sth.对某事有很大期许remarkable/excellent/outstanding/distinguished杰出的，优秀的willpower意志力setback挫折rugged崎岖的insurmountable无法超越的be adept in/be skilled in/be good at在某方面很擅长adhere to(principles, rules, a diet)坚守indispensable不可或缺的be a flash in the pan昙花一现clear-cut/specific goals明确的目标accomplished成功的excel in在某个方面优于别人industrious, conscientious, constructive勤奋的；认真的；有建设性的stressful, exhausting压力大的；疲倦的colleague, co-worker同事feasible可行的recruit, layoff/downsizing招募；裁人stiff/fierce competition激烈的竞争high-caliber, enthusiastic高素质的；热情的self-expression/self-image/self-esteem自我表达；自我认知；自尊assessment/evaluation评估，评价profession/occupation职业daunting/formidable可怕的significant/essential/vital非常重要的devoted/fervent/ardent在某方面很热情，很投入job satisfaction工作满意度stress-induced diseases压力诱导的疾病exert oneself in doing sth.强迫自己做某事interpersonal skills人际交往技能freelancer自由职业者work overtime加班workaholic工作狂incentive/reward动机；奖赏solidarity, unity团结一致demanding需求高的compensation, income, salary收入；工资hectic忙碌的；兴奋的Governmentabolish废除implement实施legalize使得合法化priority优先，优先权establish建立alleviate减缓the authorities政府forbid/prohibit禁止legislation法制tax revenue税收收入democratic民主的efficient高效的optimize the distribution of resources资源配置最优化stability稳定combat/tackle/resolve/address着手解决（问题）stringent严厉的，迫切的short-sighted短视的citizens公民regulate规定monitor监督者mandatory/compulsory强制的curtail削减augment增大a vicious cycle一个恶性循环rules and regulations规章制度laid-off workers/downsized workers被裁掉的员工infrastructure基础设施power grid输电网water supply and drainage system水供给和排出系统a stop-gap measure临时措施Friendsdetect察觉，发现appearance外貌attraction吸引力sociable善于社交的loyal忠诚的ambition壮志雄心的cooperative合作的organized有条理的intelligent聪明的gifted/talented有天赋的sincere真诚的candid/frank坦率的betray背叛superficial/shallow肤浅的eloquent口才好的eternal永恒的modest谦逊的awkward奇怪的dilemma两难困境genuine真正的underestimate低估virtue美德resilient有弹性的；易复原的solitary独自reserved保守的，冷淡的compassionate慈悲的，富于同情心的assertive/self-assured自大的tolerant容忍的witty睿智的amusing搞笑的hilarious极度幽默的vain徒劳的，自负的congenial意气相投的；性格一致的prominent杰出的sophisticated复杂的；事故的tough难以相处的trivial细微的Old vs. Youngcustom习俗energetic有活力的promising有前途的entrenched根植的rueful悔恨的norm习惯old-fashioned老式的antiquated过时的，陈旧的deteriorate使恶化obsolete过时的fossilized石化的，僵化的life expectancy寿命unprecedented前所未有的impractical不现实的reflection思考，反思empty-nest syndrome空巢综合征（老人因为儿女不在身边而患上此疾）disoriented无判断力的，分不清方向的mindset心态，倾向；习惯maturity成熟linger in ones mind在脑海中挥之不去retirement退休baby/infants婴儿adolescent青少年people in their 20s/30s20 多，30 多岁的人aging society老龄化社会mutual understanding互相理解fade退色，失去主导地位stagger蹒跚的recall回忆pay tribute to向某人致敬Transportationtreacherous road conditions危险的道路环境public transit公共交通drunk driving酒后驾驶means of transportation交通方式vehicle交通工具densely-populated人口密集的be squished up被挤得跟沙丁鱼似的impose higher taxes on在上课以重税metropolitan大都市的underpass地下通道overpass天桥steam-driven蒸汽驱动的petrol-driven石油驱动的hydrogen-driven氢气驱动的chaotic混乱的Environmentpollutant污染物dump倾倒recycle回收inhabit栖息；居住于conserve保存preserve保护shortage/scarcity稀缺eco-friendly生态友好的local resident当地居民skin cancer皮肤癌immune system免疫系统disposable一次性的，用完就丢弃的inhale吸入joint effort/concerted effort联合的努力irreversible不可逆转的alternative energy替代能源contaminate污染carbon dioxide emission二氧化碳的释放exhaust fumes废气acid rain酸雨discharge排放，流出solar/wind/nuclear energy太阳能，风能，核能artificial人在的exploit natural resources开发利用自然资源erode侵蚀chain reaction连锁反应butterfly effect蝴蝶效应reshape our lives重塑我们的生活renewable resources可再生能源consume/deplete消耗；用尽greenhouse effect温室效应Moneyprecious/valuable珍贵的worthless毫无价值的thrifty/frugal节俭的economical经济实惠的make ends meet收支平衡stylish时髦的，现代风格的upscale高端的costly昂贵的exquisite精致的exorbitant price极度高昂的价格wealthy/affluent富有的impoverished/needy贫穷的temptation引诱；诱惑物outfit全套装备property财富jealousy嫉妒tempting有吸引力的generosity慷慨，大方charity慈善philanthropy慈善despise轻视，蔑视Leisureexcursion远足，短途旅行sightseeing观光conducted/guided tour跟团旅行package tour背包行exotic异域风情的backpacker背包客souvenir纪念品explore探索，发现relics遗迹，纪念物expand ones outlook/vision扩大视野diversion/pastime消遣，娱乐活动recreation娱乐release stress释放压力get away from the daily grind从每天的琐事当中逃离lift ones spirits提振精神memorable显著的，难忘的，值得纪念的cosmetics化妆品，装饰品calm the nerves and restore the soul镇定神经exhibition展览workout锻炼blood circulation血液循环flexibility灵活性gorgeous华丽的，灿烂的，极好的hideous可怕的，丑恶的appealing/attractive富有吸引力的indulge in沉浸在中aesthetic美学的Familyelderly people老年人family bonds家庭纽带family values家庭价值strengthen/reinforce加强sibling兄弟姐妹cousin表亲personality clash性格冲突household appliances家用设备（电器等）generation gap代沟neighborhood邻居blood is thicker than water.血浓于水a sense of belonging归属感an attachment to sth.对某事的执着和喜爱single-parent households单亲家庭domestic violence家庭暴力harmony和谐Animalscompanion同伴abuse/mistreat虐待replacements/alternatives替代品epidemic流行性的，传染性的drive off our loneliness驱散我们的孤独感well-behaved行为良好的brutal/merciless残忍的，不慈悲的endangered species濒危物种pets are their masters companions宠物是他们主人的好伴侣afford their masters consolation and comfort提供给主人慰藉Foodtasty好吃的flavor味道aroma气味scrumptious美味的delicacy美食authentic正宗的organic有机的intake摄入obesity超重，肥胖greasy油腻的dairy products奶制品sedentary lifestyles以坐为主的生活方式diabetes糖尿病incurable disease无法治愈的疾病treatment治疗therapy疗法frozen food冷冻食物canned food罐头视频overweight超重的chronic diseases慢性病starving饥饿的keep fit保持健康invigorated精力充沛的，生气勃勃的beverage饮品wholesome健康的allergy过敏vitamin维生素mineral矿物质trace elements微量元素supplement补充剂70