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MBA英语常用词汇词组辨析.doc

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华章——中国名校MBA预科班 备战MBA英语词汇精练 咨询电话:021-62518211 MBA英语常用词汇、词组辨析(31~60) 内部资料 请勿外传 (31)attach v. /stick v. attach的主要意思是“附加,附着”,强调附加;stick的主要意思是“粘贴,贴附于,紧贴着,固定”,强调紧密。 例:Wires are then attached to the ends of the electrodes. 然后将导线接到电极的一端。 There was a nice little present for everyone, with a suitable poem attached. 每人都有一份礼物,每份礼物都附有一首得体的小诗。 Just stick 2 stamps on the envelope. 在信封上贴上两张邮票。 He stuck a rose in his buttonhole. 他在扣眼里插了一枝玫瑰。 (32)attribute to/owe to/due to attribute to意为“归因于,认为是……的结果”;owe to意为“……应归功于……”;due to意为“由于,因……造成,归功于”,常用作表语或状语。 例:Mr. Dolittle attributes his good health to careful living. 杜德先生把自己的健康体魄归功于审慎的生活方式。 If I have improved in any way, I owe it all to you. 如果我有所进步的话,那应该归功于你。 His absence was due to the storm. 由于风暴他未能出席。 He failed due to carelessness. 他的粗心导致了他的失败。 (33)wake v. /awake v.&a. /waken v. /awaken v. wake为动词,意思是“叫醒,醒来,唤醒”;awake意为“醒来,叫醒”,作形容词时意为“醒着”;waken是动词,意为“叫醒,闹醒”;awaken是动词,意为“叫醒”,多用于引申意义“觉醒,引起”。这四个词中最常用的是wake,尤其在口语中;awake和awaken多用其引申意义;awake常用作不及物动词;awaken/waken多用作及物动词。 例:My brother wakes at seven each morning. 我弟弟每天早上7点钟醒来。 This at once awakened suspicion. 这马上引起了大家的怀疑。 When he awoke Joseph was beside him. 当他醒来时,约瑟夫就在他身边。 The national spirit awoke. 民族精神觉醒了。 She gently wakened the sleeping child. 她轻轻地叫醒熟睡的孩子。 (34)award v.&n. /prize v.&n. award作动词意为“发给……奖品等”,作名词意为“奖品,奖金等”;prize作动词意为“珍视”,作名词意为“奖品,奖金”,也可以指“宝贵的物或人”,prize还可以作形容词,意为“获奖的”。 例:The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award. 奥林匹克冠军获得了金牌的奖励。 They awarded him the Nobel prize. 他们为他颁发诺贝尔奖。 Prizes will be given for the three best stories. 三部最佳作品将获奖。 Jane soon became popular for a prize rose. 简因那枝获奖玫瑰而远近闻名。 As a secretary she was a prize. 她真是一个不可多得的秘书。 (35)aware a. /notice v.&n. aware意为“意识到的,认识到的”,常用词组be aware of;notice意为“注意到,察觉到”,notice还可以作名词,意为“通知,注意”。 例:She was not aware of his presence till he spoke to her. 直到他跟她讲话她才注意到他的存在。 She is politically aware. 她很有政治头脑。 Did you notice anything else peculiar? 你有没有注意到任何特别的东西? They sent me a notice. 他们给我发了一个通知。 (36)behave v. /conduct v. /act v. behave指人的行为、举止和表现。本为不及物动词,但用作此义时可与反身代词连用;conduct与behave在作“行为”、“举止”讲时同义,但强调自我控制、约束;act作“行为”、“举止”讲时,为不及物动词,不能和反身代词连用。 例:The child behaved (himself)badly at the party. 那孩子在聚会上的表现很差。 She conducted herself stoically in her time of grief. 她悲伤时,表现出奇的冷静。 She acts like a born leader. 她的举止象个天生的领导。 (37)blame v. /scold v. blame的意思是“责备,怪罪,埋怨”;scold的意思是“(厉声)责骂,斥责”。 例:I don’t blame you, I blame myself. 我不怪你,我怪我自己。 He blamed his failure on his teacher. 他把自己的失败归咎于他的老师。 Her father scolded her for being too free with the soldiers. 她父亲斥责她与这些兵交往太随便。 (38)breed v. /feed v. breed意为“养殖,培育,繁殖,教养”;feed意为“喂养,饲养”。 例:Some animals will not breed when kept in cages. 有些动物关在笼子里就会很难繁殖。 Many farmers breed cows and sheep. 许多农民养牛和羊。 She was feeding the baby with porridge. 她正用粥喂自己的宝宝。 The cows were feeding quietly in the meadows. 牛群在草地上静静地吃草。 (39)burden n. /load n. burden意为“负担,包袱,担子”,多为贬义;load意为“装载物,负荷,工作量”,也可指“思想上的负担,压力”。 例:They don’t want to add to the government’s burden. 他们不想给政府添包袱。 He was faced with the severe financial burden. 他面临着严重的财政负担。 The bridge has been built to support very heavy load. 建这座桥是为了使重载车也能通过。 The load on her mind grew lighter. 她的思想负担轻了许多。 (40)campaign n. /champion n. 这两个词词形与发音相近,容易弄混。campaign意为“(竞选)运动,战役”;champion意为“冠军”。 例:The Germans were defeated in the campaign in North Africa. 德国人在北非战役中打了败仗。 The Party suggested a renewed campaign to raise production and practise economy. 该党建议发起新的一轮运动来提高生产,发展经济。 The champion issued a challenge to all other boxers to fight him. 拳击冠军向所有其他拳击手发出挑战。 (41)canal n. /channel n. /tunnel n. canal意为“运河等人工开凿的河流”;channel的意思是“海峡,渠道”,频道;tunnel的意思是“隧道,地道”。 例:The big canal was completed in five years. 修建这条大运河花了5年时间。 The English Channel separates France from England. 英吉利海峡将英法两国隔开。 You should go through the official channels if you want the government to help. 如果你想得到政府的帮助,你就必须通过官方渠道。 The railroad passes under the mountain through a tunnel. 铁路经隧道从大山下面通过。 (42)candidate n. /applicant n. /competitor n. /representative n. candidate意为“候选人,应征者”;applicant意为“申请人”;competitor意为“竞赛对手”;representative意为“代表”。 例:This time our candidate got 260 votes. 这一次我们的候选人获得了260张选票。 There were three applicants for the job. 这项工作有3个人申请。 Tell the competitors for the next race to come here. 告诉下一项比赛的参赛者到这里来。 James is our representative at the meeting. 詹姆斯在会上是代表我们的。 (43)cargo n. /commodity n. /goods n. cargo一般指“船或飞机运载的货物”;commodity意为“商品”;goods用来泛指“商品,货物等”。 例:These planes can carry a cargo of six tons. 这些飞机能运载6吨货物。 Wine is one of the many commodities that France sells abroad. 葡萄酒是法国向海外销售的许多商品之一。 The goods were brought round early this morning. 今天一大早,这些货物就被带来。 Consumer goods production was to go up by 7 percent. 消费品生产计划增长7%。 (44)case n. /condition n. /situation n. /occasion n. case常指事物的特定情况,事情真相和始末,如“病例”、“案件”等;condition指某时某处事情发展、存在的状况、状态或条件,一个人的“感觉如何”;situation往往指一组情况或一些情况的综合,常译为“情况”、“形势”;occasion指特定的“时机”、“场合”、“良机”。 例:All the people involved in this case must be present. 所有与这起案件有关的人都必须到场。 Conditions in the office made concentration impossible. 办公室的状况根本不可能使人专心。 The current international situation is not optimistic. 目前的国际形势不容乐观。 It is not very suitable to sing such a song on this formal occasion. 在这种场合唱这样一首歌是不太合适的。 (45)chance n. /opportunity n. /advantage n. /fortune n. chance着重指偶然或意外的可能,有时也指“好机会”,这时可用“opportunity”替代;opportunity着重指“好机会”,带有“适逢其时、正好便于行事”之意;advantage指有利的条件或优势;fortune指人“交好运气”,有一定迷信的色彩。 例:There is a chance that I will see him these days. 这几天我有可能见到他。 The 2008 Olympic Games will bring us many opportunities and challenges. 2008年奥运会将给我们带来许多机遇和挑战。 It is to your advantage to invest wisely. 明智地投资对你很有利。 It is also believed that fireworks will bring good fortune in the coming year. 据说放鞭炮还能为人们在新的一年里带来好运气。 (46)contest n. /match n. /game n. /play n. /competition n. contest指“人与人之间进行争夺以取得优胜”之意;match指对手之间进行的比赛、竞赛等力量或智慧较量,通常指具体的比赛;game指决胜负的游戏,通常有一套规则;美国称比赛为game,英国称比赛为match;play最一般用语,指通过游戏或运动达到娱乐目的文体活动;competition指对手之间以某种手段或智慧、力量等压倒对方而取胜。 例:She got the first prize in a recent beauty contest. 她在最近的选美比赛中夺冠。 A critical football match is being transmitted on CCTV 5. 中央五套正在转播一场关键的足球比赛。 The team is preparing for taking part in the coming winter games. 这支队伍正在为即将举行的冬运会做准备。 The school uses some methods which combine language lessens with the play. 这所学校采用了某些方法,将语言课与玩耍结合起来。 To get the advantage in the competition, you must have enough preparation in advance. 为了在竞争中取得优势,你必须之前做好充足的准备。 (47)carry out/perform/realize/come true/come into being carry out指把预定的计划、规则等变成现实,其意相当于fulfill;perform是do的正规说法,指“执行”、“进行”某种任务或计划等;realize指把梦想、理想、雄心等变成现实,为及物动词;come true不及物用法,指梦想、理想等随时间前进而变成现实;come into being指原来没有的事物现在“开始存在”或“产生出来”。 例:It is time for us to carry out this plan. 是我们实施这个计划的时候了。 The surgeon performed the operation. 医师做了手术。 He has finally realized his dream as a writer in his childhood. 他终于实现了他童年时代想成为作家的梦想。 His dream as a writer in his childhood comes true finally. 他童年时代想成为作家的梦想终于变成了现实。 Recently a new anti-Japan trend has come into being. 最近产生了一股新的反日倾向。 (48)compose v. /compile v. /create v. /produce v. /conceive v. compose指把各种材料和构思编排成文章、乐曲等;compile着重指汇集资料而后加工成书籍、词典等;create着重指从无到有地进行“创造”、“创作”等;produce最一般用词,指通过一切方法“提出”或“生产”、“制造”出产品或思想成果;conceive指头脑经过思考、想像“想出”主意、办法、假设等。 例:The great musician composed a wonderful musical piece during a night. 这名伟大的音乐家在一夜之间就创作出了一首精美绝伦的音乐作品。 It will take a long time and energy to compile a dictionary. 编撰一本字典要耗费很多的时间和精力。 create a poem 创作一首诗;create a new life 创造一个新的生命 produce a videotape 制作一个录影带;produce a car 生产汽车 The sales manager has been conceiving a plan to increase profits all the night. 销售经理整晚都在构想一个增加利润的计划。 (49)companion n. /fellow n. companion意为“同胞,伙伴,志趣相投的人”;fellow意为“同伴,同伙,家伙,一起共事的人”。 例:My fellow travelers made good companions. 我的旅伴是不错的搭档。 The boy went to join his fellows on the playing field. 这孩了到操场上和其他小朋友玩起来。 (50)competent a. /capable a. /qualified a. 这三个词都有可以做某事的意思,competent主要指“能胜任,称职,具有某种技能”;capable指“能干,有能力”,常用词组be capable of;qualified主要指“合格,有资格做某事”。 例:Be sure to get a competent electrician for the job. 一定要找一位称职的电气工程师来做这个工作。 John is a very capable and very intelligent boy. 约翰是一个非常有能力、非常聪明的孩子。 I don’t believe she is capable of winning the game. 我不相信她有能力赢得这项比赛。 I am a qualified doctor, who will not hurt you. 我是位合格的医生,不会伤害你的。 (51)component n. /element n. component意为“部件,元件,成分”,强调每部分是独立的、与其他不同的个体;element意为“元素,成分,要素”,强调每部分为最小的、不可再分的元素或单元。 例:The engine has more than 300 components, made of a number of different materials. 这部引擎有300多个不同材料制成的零件。 Carbon is an element, while carbon dioxide is a compound. 碳是一种元素,二氧化碳是一种化合物。 Honesty, industry, and kindness are elements of a good life. 诚实、勤劳和善良是美好生活的要素。 (52)conserve v. /reserve v. /preserve v. conserve意为“保存,保护,节约”;reserve意为“保留,预定”;preserve意为“保存,保持,腌制,防腐”。 例:We must conserve our woodlands for future generations. 我们必须为子孙后代保护好我们的林地。 I reserve the right to make my own decisions. 我保留自己做决定的权利。 I reserved a table for four at Newland restaurant. 我在新大陆餐馆定了一张四人桌。 A commission was set up to preserve historical houses in the city. 成立了一个委员会来保护城里的那些历史建筑。 Policemen preserve order in the streets. 警察在街上维持秩序。 Fish are preserved in ice and salt until they are sold. 鱼在出售前一直存放在冰和盐当中。 (53)convert v. /transform v. convert意为“改变,转变(信仰等)”,主要指把事物从一种状态改变为另一种状态,使其有了新的用途或特征;transform意为“变形,改变”,主要指外形,外表上的改变。 例:These machines convert cotton into cloth. 这些机器将棉花变成布。 Many Africans were converted to Christianity. 许多非洲人皈依了基督教。 He transformed the old kitchen into a beautiful sitting room. 他把一间旧厨房改造成一间美丽的客厅。 (54)convince v. /persuade v. convince意为“说服,使相信”;persuade意为“劝人做,使同意做,使相信”。 例:I am not quite convinced by what he has said. 他的话还不足以让我信服。 He convinced me that Howard was innocent. 他使我相信霍华德是无辜的。 She persuaded Shelley to adopt a new job. 她劝告雪莉接受新的工作。 She persuaded him that she was telling the truth. 她使他确信她说的是实情。 (55)crash v. /crush v. /smash v. crash指“车辆、飞机等的碰撞”;crush指“轧碎,辗碎”;smash指“打碎,摔碎”。 例:I dropped the plate and it smashed. 我失手将盘子掉在地上摔碎了。 One of his legs was crushed in an accident. 他的一条腿在车祸中轧断了。 The airplane crashed into a house. 那架飞机撞到了一所民宅上。 (56)danger n. /risk n. /hazard n. 这三个词都可以用来表示危险。danger意为“面临危险的可能性或实际存在的危险,灾害”;risk与danger相比,意味着更多的遭受损失或失败的可能性,常用来指“有风险,冒着风险做某事”;hazard较danger更正式,多指“无法预见,无法控制的危险”。 例:They held a discussion to reduce the danger of military confrontation between the two nations. 他们开会讨论了如何降低两国间发生军事冲突的危险。 There is a risk of you catching cold. 你有患感冒的危险。 The disease is spreading and all children under 5 are at risk. 这种病正在蔓延,5岁以下的儿童都有染上该病的危险。 Icy road is a hazard to all the drivers, especially the green hand. 结冰的公路对所有的司机来说都是一种危险,对新手来说尤其如此。 (57)decline v. /reduce v. /decrease v. decline指“数量、质量、重要性等慢慢减弱,下降,衰退的过程”;reduce多指“范围、强度、数量的减少,降低”,强调结果,主语往往是人;decrease意为“减少,降低”,强调减少,衰退的过程。 例:During the crisis years the production of coal declined 41.6 percent. 经济危机期间煤产量降低了41.6%。 We have reduced the price of the coat from $100 to $50. 我们将这款外套的价格从100美元降到了50美元。 Water consumption decreased during the winter. 冬天耗水量下降了。 (58)defect n. /fault n. /mistake n. /error n. 这四个词容易弄混,实际上可分为两组:defect, fault指毛病、缺点;mistake和error指错误。defect指表面上的缺陷或人或物本质上的缺点,尤指生产品所存在的缺陷,着重指由于某种欠缺而影响到产品的质量,以致完全妨碍了某种功能的发挥。fault侧重于造成错误的个人责任,还可指人或物的缺点。fault指物时,特指缺乏某种要素而不完善,有毛病,过失。mistake指错误,由于有缺陷的判断,知识不足或粗心造成的失误或错误。error指错误,比较正式,常用于表现无意识地偏离正确的行为、主张或信念。 例:The machine is unsafe because of the defects in it. 这台机器因为有毛病,不安全。 He suffers from a hearing defect. 他听觉有毛病。 例:There is a small electrical fault in the motor. 马达里的电路上有个小毛病。 He could never accept the fact that he had been at fault. 他无法接受自己有错这个事实。 例:This mistake was made entirely through your fault. 这个错误完全归咎于你。 The waiter made a mistake over the bill. 服务员把账算错了。 Your paper is full of spelling mistakes. 你的论文拼写错误很多。 It is a mistake to leave my camera at home. 把摄像机留在家里真是失策。 Professor Zhang found a technical error in your paper. 张教授在你的论文中发现了一个技术性的错误。 The accident was the result of human error. 这事故是人为的错误造成的。 (59)despair n.&v. /desperate a. despair是名词和动词,意为“沮丧,绝望,灰心丧气等”,常与in一起搭配;desperate是形容词,意为“绝望的,迫切的,不顾后果的”。 例:Susan cried loudly in despair. 苏珊绝望地失声痛哭。 Don’t despair, things will get better soon. 别灰心,情况很快就会好转的。 He was desperate after the failure of his last attempt. 最后一次尝试失败后,他绝望了。 The prisoners became desperate in their attempts to escape. 囚犯们不顾一切地企图越狱逃跑。 (60)deserve v. /justified a. /reasonable a. deserve是动词,意为“应当享受……,值得……,应当(受到)……”;justified为“有道理的,正当的”;reasonable意为“合情合理的,公道的,公平的”。 例:Mary really deserves a long holiday after two weeks’ work on end. 玛丽连续工作了两个星期,她的确应享受一次长假。 I’m perfectly willing to pay reasonable price. 我非常愿意为一个合理的价格付款。 The editor is justified in refusing your lousy report. 你这份报导写得真糟糕,编辑当然要拒发了。 上海华章学校备战MBA英语词汇精练 第 8页 共8页
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