专题二 阅读补全.docx

专题二 阅读补全
说明文专练
题组一
A
（2019黑龙江哈三中二模）
A Few Active Listening Guidelines
Listening is arguably the most important element of interpersonal communication. Our ability to listen well impacts the quality of all of our relationships, and not just at home with our family and friends—it can also affect our relationships and interactions on the job, as well as the effectiveness and quality of our work.
　1 Instead, it is a skill that must be cultivated and practiced. Active listening means the difference between simply hearing and listening with the intent to truly understand. It is a subtle but important distinction.
1.Give focused attention.
Try to minimize external(外部的) distractions. Turn down the noise, and put down or step away from what you’re doing if possible. 　2　Don’t watch the clock, fidget (坐立不安) or go over your to do list for later.
2. 　3　
Direct eye contact shows your attention and intention to listen. This doesn’t mean stare though. Be reasonable, but try not to let your eyes wander to whatever is going on around you.
3.Reflect back.
Restate, but don’t repeat word for word. Paraphrase what you think the other party is saying with responses such as:“What I’m hearing is...” or “Let me see if I’m following you...” 　4　
4.Respond appropriately.
Be open and honest in your responses. Share your thoughts, insights and feelings in a clear, but respectful and considerate manner even if you disagree.
Active listening is a model for good communication. 　5　It takes practice to develop active listening skills, and it’s a habit that has to be reinforced(加强). Remind yourself that the goal of conversation is not merely to trade words, but to truly understand what the other party is saying and to be understood in turn.
A.Maintain eye contact.
B.Instead, focus on what is being said.
C.You do not have to agree on everything.
D.Also, set aside other internal thinking and dialogue.
E.Listening is not something that comes naturally or easily for most of us.
F.Reflecting what you’ve heard signals that you’re attempting to understand fully.
G.Remember that listening is not just to gather information and share ideas, but also to gain perspective and understanding.
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　  
答案
［语篇解读］本文为说明文，介绍了几种积极倾听的方法。
1.E过渡句。上一段讲了积极倾听的作用，下一句讲到它需要被培养、被练习。E选项意为“对于我们大多数人来说，倾听不是自然而然得到的，也不是容易的事”，此处作为过渡句，承上启下。
2.D细节句。该段第一句意为“要尽量使外部干扰最小化”，后面的句子列举排除干扰的措施。D选项中的Also承接上文，都是排除干扰的具体做法。
3.A主旨句。该空为标题句，概括下段主旨大意。A项意为“保持眼神接触”，下面具体讲述眼神接触的作用和如何做到眼神接触。
4.F归纳句。该空前文讲述怎样反馈自己所听到的，该空位于该段最后，起到总结前文的作用，F项意为“反馈你所听到的表示你一直在尽力充分理解”。
5.G细节句。上句意为“积极倾听是好的交流的典范”。G项意为“记住倾听不仅仅是收集信息和分享想法，而且也是为了获得正确的认识和理解”，表明倾听有助于交流。
B
（2019山西二模）
Most people will agree that it is good to read, but not all reading is equal. Here are some tips for productive reading.
1.Take notes.
Even if you never refer to your notes again, the process of taking notes helps you sort out something important and will help you remember it. You can choose either computers or paper for your notes. 　1　On the other hand, many people feel they recall information better when they write it by hand.
2. 　2　
If you are like me, once you commit to reading a book, it is very hard to give up until you’ve finished it. Given the number of books that are available and our limited life, it just doesn’t make sense to read a book that you aren’t getting anything from.
3.Variety is good.
While you don’t want to give up a book that you are benefiting from, it is important to give yourself variety. You can pick up a book at random or intentionally looking for something different from what you normally read. 　3　
4.Review what you’ve read.
If you want to remember what you read, take the time to review. 4 When you finish a book, spend 15 minutes examining your notes in 2 to 4 days. Then 2 to 4 weeks after that and then 2 to 　4　 months after that. This will strengthen the knowledge in your mind.
5.Discuss what you read with others.
　5　If you can talk with people in person, that is ideal, but don’t overlook the power of the Internet in connecting people with similar interests but different geography.
A.Don’t be afraid to give up.
B.Make full use of reading time.
C.It’s hard to get more out of your normal reading.
D.This can be very valuable in giving you a different opinion.
E.And you’d better go over things at ever increasing time intervals.
F.Using computers will make it easy to find your notes later.
G.The best way to get more from your reading is to discuss it with others.
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　  
答案
［语篇解读］本文为说明文，介绍了五条适于有效阅读的建议。
1.F本句为过渡句。上句提出，你可以选择用电脑或纸记笔记。下句指出，另一方面，许多人认为当他们用手书写时能更好地回忆起信息。F项意为“使用电脑会使你之后容易找到你的笔记”，能很好地衔接上下文，故F项正确。
2.A本句为主题句。阅读本段可知，如果你像我一样，一旦你投入读一本书就很难放弃直到你读完它。考虑到可读的书的数量和我们有限的生命，读一本你从中没有任何收获的书恰恰是没有意义的。A项符合本段主旨，意为“不要害怕放弃”，故A项正确。
3.D本句为总结句。上句指出，你可以任意或有目的地挑选一本书，寻找不同于你平常读的东西。D项意为“这种做法在给你不同的观点方面是很有价值的”，故D项正确。
4.E本句为细节句。上句指出，如果你想记住你所读的，就花时间去复习。E项意为“然后你最好在任何不断增加的时间间隔期间复习东西”，故E项正确。
5.G本句为主题句。本段的主题为“和其他人讨论你所读的”。G项意为“最好的从阅读中获得更多的方式是和别人讨论”，故G项正确。
C
（2019安徽合肥第二次质检）
What’s the purpose of building patience abilities? In a word, happiness. Better relationships, more success. But indeed it takes efforts to build them successfully. 　1　 Thus, when the big ones come, we will have developed the patience we need for hard times.
Understand the addictive nature of anger and impatience. We, human beings, are still constructed with our old reptilian (爬虫类的) brain that protects our physical and emotional survival. On the emotional survival side, we want our way to get ahead, to achieve, to “look good”. Let’s just face it. 　2　 So the first step in growing patience is to get in touch with the addictive quality of the opposite of patience—anger, impatience, blame and shame. We all have them. And we can grow beyond them.
Upgrade our attitude towards discomfort and pain. Pain has its purposes and pushes us to find solutions—we try to change the other person, situation or thing that we think is causing our discomfort. But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that’s the source of our pain, but how our mind is set. 　3　
Pay attention when the impatience or pain starts. Most of us don’t really realize it when we are feeling even the smallest—but very present—painful feelings. 　4　 But to really care for ourselves, get curious about what’s actually happening at the moment inside you. Focusing on what’s actually happening, and you can notice the worry of not wanting what’s happening.
　5　When you find yourself impatient, or angry with yourself, you can remind yourself that you are growing, and that, “Sure, this is understandable; this is what happens to me when I’m bothered.” You can say to yourself, “It’s true. I don’t like this; this is uncomfortable, but I can tolerate it.”
A.Practice positive selftalk.
B.So the solution to pain is an inside job.
C.Patience abilities benefit you in many ways.
D.Learn to forgive yourself for being impatient in hard times.
E.We ignore the fact that we’re in pain and focus completely on fixing the problem.
F.The urge to protect ourselves and what we consider valuable is absolutely habitforming.
G.Effective ways are recommended to train ourselves to work with little pains and annoyances.
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　  
答案
［语篇解读］本文为说明文，主要介绍了培养耐心的几个有效的方法。
1.G根据空前一句以及空后一句“Thus, when the big ones come, we will... hard times.”可知，成功地培养耐心需要花费精力，因而推荐一些有效的方法用来训练我们应对痛苦及烦恼的能力，因此当更大的麻烦来临时，我们将已经有耐心应对困难时期。故G项符合语境。
2.F根据空后的“So the first step...blame and shame.”可推知，保护我们自己和我们认为有价值的东西的冲动是完全成习惯的，因此要做的就是了解负面情绪根深蒂固的本性。故选F。
3.B根据空前一句“But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that’s the source of our pain, but how our mind is set.”可知，问题不是出现在引起痛苦的外在因素上面，而是出现在我们的思考方式上，因此解决痛苦是一种内在的活动。故选B。
4.E根据空前一句“Most of us don’t really realize it...painful feelings.”及空后的“get curious about what’s actually happening at the moment inside you”可知，我们经常忽略了这样一个事实，即我们处于痛苦之中，而我们关注的焦点总是完全集中在解决问题上。
5.A根据文章结构和设空处所在位置可知，设空处为段落主题句。通读本段可知，本段主要是说要练习积极的自我暗示，故A项符合语境。
题组二
A
（2019云南昆明调研）
How to be a good listener to your family
Communication is important to strong family relationships. 　1　Working on your listening skills can help you communicate better and form stronger bonds.
Listen actively. When listening to a family member, do not let your mind wander to other things. It’s important to make your family members feel heard and valued. Put your phone away and give them your full attention. Never think about other things when someone is talking. 　2　
Repeat what has been said. Briefly summarizing what the speaker has said can go a long way toward effective communication. Everyone wants to feel valued and heard, so repeating a family member’s point can show you are listening. 　3　 It can really allow you and your family to communicate better as well.
　4　 Interrupting can put breaks on effective conversation. Always allow a few seconds of silence after someone finishes talking before offering your response. This allows you to make sure the speaker has finished talking. Do not talk over someone either. No matter how curious you feel about a subject, do not start talking until the other person has finished.
Avoid hurrying the speaker. 　5　 Do not break in before the speaker is finished just to hurry the speaker along. Never say things like, “Can you get to the point?” This will make it seem like you’re not interested in the conversation.
A.Do not interrupt.
B.Never rush the person into talking.
C.Instead, focus on what’s being said.
D.People tend to pause when they speak.
E.It can help you make sure you understand the speaker.
F.When someone finishes talking, ask questions if necessary.
G.However, if you don’t truly listen to others, it can be difficult to communicate.
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　  

答案
［语篇解读］本文是一篇说明文。学习倾听技巧可以帮助你与家人更好地交流,并建立更强的家庭纽带。本文教你如何成为家里的好听众。
1.G根据设空处前的“沟通对于牢固的家庭关系很重要。”和设空处后的“提高你的倾听技巧可以帮助你更好地交流,建立更牢固的关系。”可知,本段主要介绍交流和聆听的关系,G项点明了两者之间的内在联系,故选G项。
2.C设空处前有“当有人说话的时候,不要去想其他的事情。”的禁令性提示,因此设空处需要点明正确的做法。C项中的 Instead意为“相反”,表示转折，与前文想其他事相对,点明应该集中注意力。故选C项。
3.E根据设空处前的“每个人都想要感到被重视和被倾听,所以重复家庭成员的观点可以表明你在倾听。”可知,为了承接上文,此处应点明重复家庭成员的观点的好处。E项中的It指的是上文中的repeating a family member’s point。故选E项。
4.A此空位于段首,为主题句,根据其他段主题句可知,此处应该同样使用短小精悍的祈使句,再根据设空处后的“Interrupting can put breaks on effective conversation.”(打断别人会打断有效的谈话。)可推知,A项中的interrupt与设空处后的Interrupting相呼应。故选A项。
5.B根据设空处后的“Do not break in before the speaker is finished just to hurry the speaker along.”(不要为了让说话人讲快点而在他说完之前打断他。)可知,B项中的 rush the person into talking与 hurry the speaker along相呼应。故选B项。
B
（2019河北石家庄一模）
Three in five people in the UK hold a library card. For some, they’re a shelter from the stresses of daytoday life. 　1　 If you’re considering joining your local library, now it is the right time to do so. And if you need any more encouragement, here are several reasons why you should.
Most libraries in the UK allow members of the general public to come and go as they like.
　2　 You can also take out a library card and borrow books for free, although you will inevitably face a fine for late returns.
　3　 Imagine just how many books you have at your fingertips with a library card. There are lots of modern ones， as well as originals，and you can continue to expand your learning and vocabulary all the time. It’s a priceless experience, especially for kids, and also a great way to level the educational playing field.
Libraries develop with times. They have changed greatly since decades ago. 　4　
Some libraries have apps so you can see when your books are due back and even reserve books
in some cases. There are also libraries which let you access books in digital formats on your mobile device—pretty cool.
Libraries are one of very few spaces left in towns and cities where members of the public can come together and actually be or feel like a community. They have noticeboards to offer services like exercise classes or learning centers. 　5　
A.Libraries help people learn.
B.Libraries help educate the kids.
C.They create a great sense of community.
D.You can go in, settle down and read a book without being charged a penny.
E.Most libraries now have computers and allow people to borrow CDs and DVDs.
F.Libraries help us save money as we’re borrowing books rather than buying them.
G.For others， particularly the homeless and people in poverty, they’re a lifeline to the world.
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　  
答案
［语篇解读］本文为说明文，主要介绍了加入图书馆的原因。
1.G根据上文“For some, they’re a shelter from the stresses of daytoday life.”可知，对于一些人来说，图书馆是一个躲避日常生活压力的庇护所。由此可推知，设空处应介绍图书馆对其他人的意义，故设空处应选G项，其中For others与上句中的For some相对应。
2.D根据下文“You can also take out a library card and borrow books for free...”可知你也可以拿出借书证免费借书，由此可推知，设空处应介绍在图书馆免费读书的情况；而且D选项中的You can...与后面的You can also...相呼应，故设空处应选D项。
3.A设空处为该段的主题句。根据该段内容可知，该段主要介绍图书馆可以帮助人学习，故设空处应选A项。
4.E根据该段的主题句“Libraries develop with times.”以及下文中的“Some libraries have apps...”可知,设空处应介绍现如今图书馆的情况,故设空处应选E项。
5.C根据该段的第一句可知，图书馆把大众聚集在一起，成为了一个团体。又根据设空处为该段的总结句，故设空处应选C项。

C
（2019福建质检）
Some people put their bicycles away once they learn how to drive a car. For many people， bicycling is not just an easy way of getting around town but also an exciting sport. 　1　.
One kind of race is the time trial. Each racer leaves the starting line at a different time and heads hard for the finishing line. The cyclist who covers the distance in the shortest amount of time wins the race. 　2　，because the bicycles are spread out and are not likely to run into each other.
Another kind of race is more difficult. A few city blocks are closed to traffic. Then all the racers line up in a tight pack and begin racing at the same time. 　3　. The race requires more than speed. It also requires skillful handling of the bicycle as it runs at full speed around other bicycles. The racer who completes all the laps first is the winner.
　4　. Racers have to cover anywhere from 35 miles to almost 3，000 miles. The race course may be a straight stretch of road or a long series of roads across the country. The prize goes to the first person who crosses the finishing line.
Between races cyclists stay in condition by doing exercise that builds their strength so that they can keep riding for long periods of time. 　5　， they often join bicycling groups and become licensed racers. Then they can enter special races all over the country. If you’re a cyclist，keep practicing. You could become a star.
A.As cyclists become more experienced
B.The time trial is a very safe race for beginners
C.Serious cyclists often arrange to take part in races
D.Road races are usually the longest cycling contests
E.Most people will seize possible chances to get around town
F.They cover many laps， going around and around the city blocks
G.When cyclists still need to build themselves up for those special races
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　 
答案
［语篇解读］本文为说明文，主要介绍了几种骑自行车比赛。
1.C该句承上启下，根据下文介绍的几种骑自行车比赛可知，此处应填“许多骑自行车的人经常安排参加比赛”，故选C。
2.B根据空后的“because the bicycles are spread out and are not likely to run into each other”可知，自行车是分散的，不太可能相互碰撞，所以可推出这种比赛对于新手来