应用文是每年高考考查频率最高的体裁之一.docx

应用文是每年高考考查频率最高的体裁之一，近几年全国卷高考主要考查书信写作，体裁涵盖求助信、建议信、感谢信、邀请信、投诉信、申请信、推荐信、道歉信、普通书信/电子邮件等。从阅卷情况来看，有一部分考生因信件书写不规范而失分。为让考生少丢“冤枉分”，我们先从书信的书写规范做起。

模板一 求助信
[题型特点]
求助信是指写信人就某一个问题向收信人寻求帮助，希望收信人就写信人提出的问题提供帮助或给
出针对性的解决方法。其结构为：
求助信

[常用句式]
1．开头常用语
①My name is...; I'm writing to you for some help. 我的名字是……我写信向你求助。
②I'm writing a letter to you to get some help about... 我给你写信是想得到……方面的一些帮助。
③I am writing to ask you to do me a favor. I have some difficulty in doing..., which bothers me a lot. So I have
no choice but to turn to you for help.
我写信向你求助。我在做……方面有困难，这很困扰我。所以我别无选择只能向你求助。
2．主体部分常用语
①I have met much difficulty in... 我在……方面遇到了很多困难。
②In the meanwhile/At the same time, I beg you to... so that... 同时，我请求你……这样……
③I'm eager to get your timely help./I'm eager for your timely help. 我渴望得到你及时的帮助。
④Faced with/Facing so many difficulties, I have to turn to you for help. 面对如此多的困难，我不得不向
你求助。

3．结尾常用语
①I will be very grateful if you could help me... /I would appreciate it if you could do me a favor and...
如果你能帮助我……我会非常感激。
②We do hope you can give us some advice. 我们非常希望你能给我们一些建议。
③Looking forward to your reply. And I'd be really thankful. 期待你的回复。我非常感激。

[黄金模板]
Dear Sir/Madam，
I'm ______________. (自我介绍) I'm writing to get some help about _______________.(说明写信目的)
I have met many difficulties in... (遇到的困难) First，... Besides，... What's more，...(分层次说明自己的困难)
Faced with so many difficulties, I have to ask you for some help. Would you like to... so that...? (请求一) In the meanwhile, I beg you to... (请求二) Also, I would like you to... (请求三) I would appreciate it if you coulddo me a favor and... (表示感激)
Looking forward to your reply. (表达期望)
Your truly，
Li Hua
[典题示例]
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)
假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外资公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历(resume)。给外教Ms Jenkins写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式(format)。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

模板二 建议信
[题型特点]
建议信是生活中常见的一种文体，是写信人向收信人对某事提出的建议和忠告。建议信可能是写给个人，也可能是写给某个组织或机构，信的内容要包括写信的原因、建议的内容、提出建议的理由。建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力。
具体写作步骤一般是“三段式”，通常以firstly，secondly，thirdly或to begin/start with，then，later，last but not least等依次陈述建议，具体结构为：

[常用句式]
1．开头常用语
①I know you have trouble in... after reading your letter. I am writing to give you some suggestions/give you a hand.
在读了你的信后，我知道你在……上有困难。我写这封信的目的是给你一些建议/帮助。
②You've asked me for advice with regard to/regarding... and I'll try to make some useful suggestions here.
关于……你向我征求建议，在此，我将尽力提出一些有用的建议。
③I'm sorry to know that you are having trouble with/in doing... at the moment. 得知此刻你遇到……麻烦我深感遗憾。
④I'm very glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how...非常高兴收到你的来信，在信中，关于如何……你向我征求意见。

2．主体部分常用语
①When it comes to/As for... I would like to suggest/recommend... 涉及/关于……我想建议……
②The following are my suggestions. /My suggestions are as follows. 我的建议如下。
③In my opinion/Personally/As far as I'm concerned, it would be wise to take the following action.
在我看来，采取如下行动是明智的。
④You may/might as well do... 你不妨做……
⑤I would like to suggest that... 我想建议……
⑥If I were you, I would... 如果我是你，我会……
⑦It seems to me that you could.. 我认为你可以……
⑧I think it would be more beneficial if you could... 我想如果你能……可能会更有利。

3．结尾常用语
①I hope you will find these suggestions helpful./I hope my suggestions will be of benefit to you.
我希望你认为这些建议有帮助。/我希望我的建议对你有益。
②I hope you will take my advice into consideration. If you have any questions or requirements, please do not hesitate to tell me./If you have any questions, please feel free to ask me at any time.
我希望你会考虑我的建议。如果你有任何问题或要求，请毫不犹豫地告诉我。/如果你有任何问题，请随时问我。
③I believe you will take my advice into account/consideration seriously.
我相信你会认真考虑我的建议的。
[黄金模板]
Dear ________，(建议对象)
I'm glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to ________.(引出对方需要建议的主题)
Here are a few suggestions. (引出作者建议) First, it is important to ________. Then, it also helps to ________________. Besides, it should be a good idea to ________________.You can also ______________.
可以根据要求用不同的句式提出建议，如下：
As to __________， I suggest ________.(需要具体到某一方面) In addition, ________. (其他的建议) I'm sure __________________. (预测可能的结果，给对方以行动的信心和决心)
I hope ________.(表达愿望)
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
[典题示例]
(2017·辽宁沈阳高中三年级教学质量监测一)
假定你是学生李华，你刚刚收到你的英国笔友Nathan的电子邮件，说他即将利用寒假来你的城市做短暂研学旅行。请你给他回复一封邮件，在气候、饮食、交通和安全等方面提一些建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Nathan，
I am so glad to receive your mail. __________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

模板三 感谢信
[题型特点]
感谢信是重要的礼仪文书，是向帮助、关心和支持过自己的集体或个人表示感谢的书信，有感谢和表扬双重意思。其结构为：
感谢信
[常用句式]
1．开头常用语
①I am writing to extend my thanks/convey my gratitude to you for...
我写这封信是因为……表达我对你的感激。
②I would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for...
在信中我要为……向您表达我诚挚的谢意。
③Thank you so much for the gift you sent me. It's one of the most wonderful gifts I ever got.
非常感谢你给我寄来的礼物，这是我收到的最好的礼物之一。

④I'd like to take this opportunity to express my appreciation for your timely help and assistance.
我谨借此机会表达对您给予我们及时的帮助和支持的感激。
⑤On behalf of my whole family, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude for...
我谨代表我全家对……表示真诚的感激之情。
⑥I will be more than pleased if I have the opportunity to repay your kindness by...
如果我有机会通过……报答你的好意，我会非常高兴。
⑦Many thanks for all the things you have done in helping us to...
非常感谢你为帮助我们……所做的一切。
2．结尾常用语
①Nothing will be able to erase our wonderful memories, we will remember them forever.
没有什么能抹掉我们美好的记忆，我们会永远牢记在心。
②Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you！/Thanks again for your kind help.
我再次对你表示衷心的感谢。/对你的热心帮助再次表示感谢。
③Please accept my sincere thanks and best wishes.
请接受我诚挚的感谢和最美好的祝愿。
[黄金模板]
Dear ________，(感谢对象)
I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude to you for ________________. (感谢的原因) If it had not been for your assistance in ________________， (对方给你的具体帮助) I fear that I would have been ______________. (没有对方帮助的结果)
Everyone agrees that it was you who __________________. (给出细节)
Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you! Please accept my gratitude.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
[典题示例]
(2017·湖南长郡中学模拟)
假如你是李华，在丹麦访问学习的一周里你住在Anne家里。在即将回国之际，请你给她写一封感谢信。要点如下：
1．简述你的丹麦之行；
2．感谢她为你所做的一切；
3．向她发出邀请。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：丹麦—Denmark
______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

模板四 邀请信
[题型特点]
邀请信是邀请收信人参加某项活动的书信，在写作时，语气要热情真挚，不要强人所难，其结构为：
邀请信

[常用句式]
1．开头常用语
①We're throwing a surprise party for... We'd like to invite you to.../It's my honor to invite you to...
我们将为……举办惊喜派对。我们想邀请你……/我非常荣幸地邀请你……
②We are having/planning... on... and we feel it would be a great idea if you can join us.
我们将于……举行……，如果你能加入我们就太好了。
③I am writing to invite you to.../I'm writing to tell you that there will be a．..
我写信邀请你……/我写信告诉你有一个(场)……
④I am very pleased to invite you to participate in... to be held from... to... in...
我很高兴邀请你参加从……到……在……举行的……
⑤It is my pleasure/a great honor for me to invite you to...
如能邀请你参加……是我莫大的荣幸。

2．主体部分常用语
①Here are some details about this activity./The following are some details about this activity./Some details about this activity are as follows.
活动的细节如下。
②I would like to meet you there and please let me know your decision soon.
我想在那里见到你，请尽快告诉我你的决定。
③I am sure you will have a good time at...
我相信你们在……将会玩得开心。

3．结尾常用语
①I would feel very honored if you could come./We would appreciate it if you could confirm your participation at your early convenience./An early reply is appreciated.
如果你能来，我将倍感荣幸。/如果你能尽早在你方便时确认参加，我们将不胜感激。/感激你的早日回复。
②My phone number is.../Looking forward to...
我的电话号码是……/盼望……
③My family and I would feel much honored if you could come.
如果你能来，我和我的家人将会感到非常荣幸。
④I hope that you won't decline my invitation.
我希望你不会拒绝我的邀请。
⑤Would you please drop me a line to let me know if you can come to...?
如果你能来……请写信告诉我，好吗？
⑥If you are interested in it, let me know and I'll send you more information.
如果你对此感兴趣，告诉我，我会给你发送更多的信息。

[黄金模板]
Dear ________，(邀请对象)
How's everything with you? I'm writing to tell you that there will be a ________ (活动) at/in ________ (地点) on ________ (时间). I wonder if you'd like to go with me. (发出邀请)
The occasion will start at ________. (具体时间) This will be followed by a ________. (进一步的安排) At around ________ (时间)，__________.(另一个安排)
If you are interested in it, let me know. Hope to meet you at the ________./I really hope you can make it. (再次邀请) My phone number is ________ (电话号码). Looking forward to ________.
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
[典题示例]
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)
假定你是李华。你所在的校乒乓球队正在招收新队员。请给你的留学生朋友Eric写封邮件邀请他加入，内容包括：
1．球队活动；
2．报名方式及截止日期。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

模板五 投诉信
[题型特点]
在生活中，通常用写投诉信的方式解决诸如消费利益受损、正常生活和工作受到干扰等问题。
投诉信通常包括以下几个方面的内容：说明投诉的原因并表示遗憾；实事求是地阐述问题发生的经过，切记不要夸大其词；指出问题引起的后果；提出批评及处理的意见或敦促对方采取措施，或者提出所希望的赔偿以及补救方式。其结构为：
投诉信
[常用句式]
1．开头常用语
①I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with/at...
我写此信表达我对……的不满。
②I'm... who bought... from your website several days ago. I am writing to complain about...
我是几天前从你们的网站上购买了……的……。我写信投诉……
③I was very disappointed to see...
我非常失望地发现……

2．主体部分常用语
①I have suffered a lot of pains.
我遭受了很大的痛苦。
②I can hardly put up with it any more.
我再也无法容忍它。
③I am completely disappointed to find... To improve the situation, it is advisable for you to take the following measures./I do hope that someone will take effective measures to deal with this matter.
当我发现……我彻底失望了。为了改进这种情况，建议你采取以下措施。/我真的希望有人能采取有效措施解决这个问题。

3．结尾常用语
①I would be very delighted if you could consider my complaint seriously. I do hope... will be improved as soon as possible./I do hope you can give me a satisfactory reply as soon as possible. Thank you for your consideration.
如果你能认真对待我的投诉，我会非常高兴。我确实希望……将会尽快得到改善。/我确实希望你可以尽快给我一个满意的答复。感谢你的体谅。
②If you do not solve this problem, I will/shall...
如果你们不解决这一问题，我将……
③... refund the cost and pay me damages.
……退回费用并赔偿我的损失
④I hope you will kindly investigate...
我希望你对……进行调查。
⑤I would like you to get this matter settled by the end of this month.
我想让你月底前解决这件事情。

[黄金模板]
Dear Sir/Madam，
My name is/I'm ________. (自我介绍) I am writing to you for something/to tell you something about ________ (投诉的内容)．
______________. (简述导致矛盾的事件) I ________. (表达本人曾做过的努力) But ________________. (投诉原因一) Besides, ______________. (投诉原因二) To be frank, ____________________.(客观的评论，以示诚恳) I do hope/I require that ________. (表达本人期待的解决方案)
Thank you for your time and kind consideration. (信件结尾的常用语)
Yours，
Li Hua
[典题示例]
(2017·湖北武汉武昌区高三年级调研考试)
假定你是李华，你在国外网上书店Landon购买了一本英文原版小说Gone with the Wind，货到后你发现了一些问题。请用英文给该书店写信，内容包括：
1．包装不完善导致封面有破损和污渍，书有缺页；
2．要求调换新书，尽快发货。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir or Madam，
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
模板六 申请信
[题型特点]
申请信有很多种，比如求职申请、加入某组织或活动的申请、报考申请、留学申请等，其目的在于让对方了解自己的经验、能力、成就以及愿望等，所以个人情况的介绍应该是申请信的核心内容，应尽可能向对方说明本人的长处，以便留下好印象，获得面谈的机会。由于此类题目常有较多的文字提示，写作时除应注意格式上的要求外，也应注意审题全面，不能遗漏要点，并要注意人称和时态的变化，避免出现逻辑混乱。其结构为：
申请信
[常用句式]
1．开头常用语
①I learned on your website that...
我从你们的网站上得知……
②I'm writing to apply for the position of...
我写信申请……的职位。
③I am writing this letter to recommend myself as a qualified candidate for...
我写信推荐自己为……的合格人选。
④I am interested in... and wish to enter this significant program.
我对……感兴趣，希望加入到这个重要项目中。
⑤I am writing to you in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to...
我写信给你是希望我可以获得一个……的机会。
2．主体部分常用语
①As an outgoing... I get along well with my classmates.
作为一名外向的……我和同学们相处得很好。
②For one thing, I can help... For another thing, I can improve my English, make more friends, and enrich my life.
一方面，我能帮助……另一方面，我能提高我的英语水平，结交更多的朋友，并充实生活。
③I am confident that I'm suitable for.../I'm qualified to do.../I'm equal to (doing)．..
我确信，我适合……/我有做……的资格/我能胜任(做)……
3．结尾常用语
①I would appreciate it if I have the chance of doing/to do...
如果我有做……的机会，我将不胜感激。
②Should you offer me an interview, I would be most grateful. Looking forward to your reply soon.
如果您能给我提供面试的机会，我将非常感激。期待您的早日答复。
③I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.
期待在您方便的时候给我一个肯定的答复。
④I would greatly appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.
如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。

[黄金模板]
Dear Sir/Madam，
I'm ________________. (自我介绍) I'm writing to apply for the position ________. (说明写信目的) I really want to obtain this precious opportunity because __________________.(说明自己为什么很想得到这次宝贵机会) ________. Besides, ________.(分层次说明自己的优势)
I am sure that I can perfectly live up to your expectations. I will be grateful if you could give me a kind consideration.
Looking forward to your reply.(表达期望)
Yours truly，
Li Hua

[典题示例]
(2017·山东部分重点中学第一次调研)
假如你是李华，是新华中学的一名学生，得知可向世界儿童基金会(World Childhood Foundation)申请一个经费为2 000元的扶贫项目(poverty­relief program)，以帮助贫困地区的儿童。你感兴趣，准备申请。请根据以下要点写一封信：
1．个人的基本情况和申请理由；
2．你对申请项目的具体设想和项目经费的使用计划；
3．你的愿望；
4．联系方式为[e-mail]。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头语和结尾语已为你写好。
Dear Sir or Madam，
__________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
模板七 推荐信
[题型特点]
从推荐者的情况来分，可以分为自荐信和推荐信两种。其结构为：
推荐信

[常用句式]
1．开头常用语
①I'm very pleased to learn that you are going to... I'm writing this letter to offer my recommendation.
得知你将……我很高兴，我写这封信是向你提供我的建议。
②Please allow me to introduce one of my best friends to you.
请允许我向你介绍一位我最好的朋友。
③I am writing to introduce one of my college classmates in Beijing.
我写信是要介绍一位我在北京时的大学同学。
④I am very glad to have this chance to write to you to...
我很高兴能有这次机会给你写信……
2．主体部分常用语
①The reason why I recommend... is that...
我推荐……的原因是……
②So I hold the belief that... be (am/is/are) quite suitable for the post.
所以我相信……很适合这个职位。
3．结尾常用语
①Thanks for your attention and hope to receive your reply.
多谢你的关注，希望能收到你的回复。
②I would be grateful if you could give me a kind consideration.
如果你能对我予以仔细考虑我将不胜感