8-9-10单元知识点..doc

八年级下unit8---10 知识点归纳
1. 现在完成时:
1含义:表示动作过去发生,但与现在有联系或影响,此时态常与以下时间词连用,如already 已经,yet已经,还,just刚刚,ever曾经,so far到目前为止,before从前,times次数,for+时间段, since自从…以来,how long多久,never从不,in the past….在过去….
2.结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(have/has是助动词,没有“有”的意义
肯定句:She has finished her work.她完成了她的工作。w W w .X k b 1. c O m
一般疑问句:Has she finished her work?_Yes,she has./No,she,hasn’t.
否定句: She hasn’t finished her work.
3.动词的过去分词的构成:规则动词的过去式就是过去分词,不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。
4.现在完成时态与一般过去时的区别:句子中如有yesterday,last,just now,in1999等过去时间词出现就只用一般过去时。
5.特别提醒:句子中如有when出现,一定不能用完成时
例题:A:Jack has read the book,
B:When did he read it?
A:Last weekend
2. Have/has gone to...,去了...(还没有回
Have/has been to...,去过...(已经回
例:1-Where is your sister?-She has gone to the library.她去图书馆了(没有回,还在图书馆
2I have been to Beijing many times我去过北京很多次了。(我已经回了,没在北京了 2.how long,for+时间段,since...不能与瞬间动词连用。
例:1I have__B__the book for two days.
A.bought
B.had
C.finished 新课标第一网
解析:由于此题出现for two days,又因为bought,finished是瞬间动词,所以选择延续性动词had。
2常见的的瞬间动词/短语和延续性动词/短语
瞬间动词延续性动词
go to..,come to.., have/has been in/at…
leave…Have/has been away from…
buy.. h ave/has had…
borrow(借进/lend(借出have/has kept
die have/has been dead
arrive in/at…,got to…,reach…have/has been in/at…
The film started/began…T he film has been on..
join…have/has been a member(成员of..
join the army have/has been in the army
3. Me neither 我也没有。
【解析】在英语中,表示“也”的知识归纳如下:
主语+ neither
A. 否定句中的“也”neither +助动词/be + 主语
完整的否定句后加either,但要加逗号隔开。
—He didn’t go to school. 他没有去上学。新|课|标|第|一| 网
—Me neither.
Neither did I
I didn’t go to school , either.
主语+ too
B.肯定句中的“也”so +助动词/be+ 主语
完整的肯定句后加too,且要用逗号隔开。
—He is a good student.
—Me too.
So am I
I’m a good student, too.
4. Let’s go to one tomorrow. 咱们明天去一个看看吧!
【解析】⑴Let’s 中的us 包括对方,反意疑问句用shall we
Let’s go and listen to the music, ____________?
⑵Let us 不包括对方, 反意疑问句用will you
Let us wait for you in the reading room, ___________?
⑶Let sb. do sth 让某人做某事(sb.应用人称代词的宾格形式
5. Let’s go somewhere different today. 咱们今天去个不同的地方吧。
【解析】形容词修饰不定代词/副词,放在不定代词之后。
【注】somewhere 表达地点时,前面不用介词。Go and paly somewhere else. 【拓展】不定副词:somewhere , anywhere, nowhere
somewhere
在某处
用在肯定句中
anywhere
无论何处
用在否定句或疑问句中
nowhere
在什么地方都不
否定词,=not…anywhere
everywhere
各处,到处
=here and there
【用法】:不定副词被定语修饰时,定语必须放在其后
somewhere warm 暖和的地方X k B 1 . c o m
6. 【反意疑问句】
一、定义:即附加疑问句。表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。
二、结构:陈述句+ 附加疑问句?It’s hot today ,isn’t it ?
三、原则:1.前肯后否,前否后肯
2.前名后代
3.时态一致
They work hard, don’t they?
7. They have information about different computers and who invented them. 那里有各式各样的计算机的信息以及是谁发明了它们。
【解析】information信息;资料
【辨析】information/message/ news
⑴information指电视、电脑或其它杂志等获得的信息,为不可数名词;
a piece of information 一条信息
You can get much information on the Internet
⑵. message“消息、口信、电报”指书面、口头、无线电等传来的信息,为可数名词;
I’ll leave a message for her. 我将为她留个口信。
⑶. news“新闻,消息”,指通过报纸、电台、电视等新闻媒介报道的最新消息,为不可数名词。
a piece of news 一则新闻
【谚语】No news is good news 没有消息就是好消息?
8. It’s unbelievable that technology has progressed in such a rapid way! 真是难以置信,科技发展的竟然如此迅速。
【解析1】unbelievable 难以置信的;不真实的(反believe
【记】believe +able = believable 可信的
un + believable =unbelievable 难以置信的
That story is unbelievable.
【解析2】progress v进步;进展
n(不可数n
make progress 取得进步make progress in 在......方面取得进步
I have made much progress in English.
9. It also encourage governments and social groups to think about ways to improve
toilets in the future.
(博物馆并且鼓励政府和社会团体来考虑一下未来改进厕所的方法。
【解析1】encourage sb. to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
encourage sb. in sth 在某方面鼓励某人
例题:Jessica’s parents always encourage her ___ out her opinions.
A. speak
B. speaking
C. to speak
D. will speak
【解析2】social 社会的→society n 社会→socialist 社会主意者
social problem 社会问题
10. It’s a relaxing and peaceful place near a lake.
它靠近湖,是一个令人放松和安静的地方。X|k | B| 1 . c|O |m
【解析】peaceful adj. 和平的,安宁的
【拓展】peace n 和平→peaceful adj. 和平的→peacefully adv 和平地
【拓展记忆】beauty n 美丽→beautiful adj. 美丽的
help n 帮助→helpful adj. 有帮助的
use n 用途→useful adj. 有用的
thank n感谢→thankful adj. 感激的
11. Watching them prepare the tea with the beautiful tea sets is just as enjoyable as drinking the tea itself.
看他们用漂亮的茶具来准备茶就像喝茶本身一样让人享受。
【解析1】tea sets 茶具
关于“茶”你知多少?
Tea sets 茶具the tea art 茶艺the tea art performance 茶艺表演
Green tea 绿茶black tea 红茶milk tea 奶茶Oolong tea 乌龙茶
Make tea 泡茶serve tea to ... 给.......敬茶
【解析2】itself 它自己反身代词
(1反身代词的构成
◆一、二人称的反身代词构成:形容词性物主代词+self/selves构成
单数
myself
yourself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
◆第三人称的反身代词构成:第三人称宾格+self/selves
单数:
himself
herself
itself
复数:
themselves
反身代词的常见搭配:
enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time
玩得高兴
by oneself =alone
独自
teach oneself=learn …by oneself
自学
help oneself to
随便吃
introduce oneself to 自我介绍
hurt oneself
伤到自己
improve oneself
提高自己
look after oneself
照顾自己
leave sb by oneself
把某人单独留下
lose oneself in
沉迷于
say to oneself
自言自语
for oneself
为了某人自己
dress oneself
给某人自己穿衣服
反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致。
12. On the one hand , more than three quarters of the population are Chinese , so you can simply speak Putonghua a lot of the time, on the other hand , Singapore is an English- speaking country , so it’s also a good place to practice your English! 一方面,华人占到了人口的四分之三还多,因此,大部分时间里你只要讲普通话就足够了。另一方面,新加坡是一个讲英语的国家,所以这里也是一个你练习英语的好地方。
【解析1】on the one hand …,on the other hand ……http://w w w.xkb 1. com 一方面……,另一方面……(该短语常并列使用,用于列举原因,情况等
On the one hand , parents should take good care of their children; on the other hand,
children should respect their parents.
【解析2】three quarters 四分之三(分数表达法
【分数词的表达法】:
1.结构: a.分子用基数词,分母用序数词.
分子(基数词 1
分母(序数词 4 =one fourth = one quarter
b.当分子大于1时,分母为序数词加s.
? = three fourths = three quarters
2.注意: 分数词的几种特殊形式.
1/3—one third = a third
1/4—one fourth = a quarter
1/2—one second = a half
3/4—three fourths = three quarters
3.分数词作主语时, 谓语动词根据分数词后面的名词来确定.
不可数名词+动词单三形式
分数+ of +
可数名词+ 动词变复数形式
Two fifths of the milk ______(be drunk by Tom .
One third of the students _______(be girls . X K b1 .C om
13. Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories.
艾米想保留她的那些旧东西,因为它们能使她想起甜蜜的回忆。
【解析1】keep (kept ; kept保留
keep 用法归纳如下:
一、用作系动词,意为“保持(某种状态”,其后常接形容词作表语。
Please keep quiet / silent! 请保持安静!
二、用作实义动词,
⑴. 保管;保存;保留Please keep these things for me while I am away.
⑵. 赡养;饲养I used to keep sheep in my childhood.
⑶坚持;继续接V-ing 形式作宾语。
If you keep practicing your spoken English, you'll soon make great progress.
⑷阻止;阻碍keep sb/sth from doing sth 其中介词from 不能省略。
The heavy rain didn't keep them from watching the football match.
⑸保持。
其后常接复合宾语,表示使(某人或某物保持某种状态或使某一动作继续。
①keep + sb/sth + 介词。
If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets.
②keep + sb/sth + 形容词。
These gloves will keep your hands warm.
③keep + sb/sth + V-ing ,“让某人/ 某物一直……”,强调动作的持续性。
I'm sorry I've kept you waiting. 很抱歉,让你久等了。
【短语】
keep a record 保持记录,keep in touch (with保持与……的联系keep out (of 把……关在外面,keep up 保持;使……不能入睡
keep one's / an eye on密切注视keep away (from 离开
keep in mind 牢记keep one's word 遵守诺言
14.Because I don’t read it anymore . 因为我不用再读了。
【解析】no more ;not …anymore/ no longer ;not... any longer不再
词语
同义词
用法
no longer
not… any longer
强调时间或动作“不再延续”, 与延续性动词连用
no more
not … any more
强调数量和程度“不再增加”, 与非延续性动词连用
位置区别:当修饰动词时,no longer通常置于be或行为动词前;
no more一般置于行为动词后。
not... any longer与not... any more常置于句末。新课标第一网He can no longer walk. = He can’t walk any longer
The little girl no more cried. = The little girl didn’t cry any more.
15. Because I’ve had it since I was a baby. 因为自从我很小的时候我就有它了。【解析】since 自从
Since +从句(一般过去时,主句用现在完成时
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.
【辨析】since 与for 在现在完成时态中的用法:
since
其后接时间点或时态为一般过去时
的句子,表示某事是从什么时候开始的
I’ve been a soldier since two years ago
for
其后接时间段,
表示某事持续了多长时间
I’ve been a soldier for two years.
16. We can often guess what a text is about by using what we already know.
我们通常可以用原有的知识来猜测一篇文章写的是什么。
【解析】by的用法:
(1by doing sth 通过…方式by studying with a group
【注】介词短语作方式状语,回答以How开头的问句,表示“怎样做”。
①I study English by ___________(listen to the tapes
②Tom learns Chinese by ____________(watch Chinese movies.
( ③-- ____ did you get there? —By ___ a taxi.
A. How; taking
B. How ; take
C. How; took
D. What; taking
(2 by+ 交通工具(交通工具前不能加限定词by bike by train
【短语】
by the way 顺便问一下by accident= by chance 偶然地by mistake 错误地one by one 一个接一个step by step 一步一步地little by little 逐渐地by the time 到……为止by oneself 独自地
by and by 不久之后by hand 用手by the end of 到….... 末尾
17. 各单元重点短语
Unit8
1. on page 25 在第2 5 页
2. the back of the book 书的背面
3. hurry up 赶快;匆忙
4. in two weeks 在两周之内
5. go out to sea 出海
6. an island fu ll of treasures 一个满是宝藏的岛屿
7. w rite about 写作关于……的内容
8. finish doing sth. 做完某事
9. wait for another ship 等待另一艘船到来
10. learn to do sth. 学会做某事
11. grow fru its and vegetables 种水果和蔬菜
12. a few weeks ago 几个星期前
13. the marks of another man’s feet新|课| 标| 第|一| 网另一个人的脚印
14. not long after that 不久之后
15. run towards sp. 跑向某地
16. use... to do sth. 用……来做某事
17. signs left behind by someone 某人留下的标记
18. read the newspaper 看报
19. science fiction 科幻小说
20. can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事
21. a good way to wake up 醒来的一个好办法
22. number of people 人数
23. used to do sth. (过去常常做某事
24. study abroad 在国外学习
25. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
26. come to realize 开始意识到
27. ever since then 自从那时起
28. the southern states of America
美国的南部地区
29. belong to 属于
30. be kind to each other 善待彼此
31. trust one another 互相信任
32. the beauty of nature 大自然的美
33. have been to sp. 去过某地
34. do some research on sth. 对……做研究
35. hope to do sth. 希望做某事
36. see sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事
37. the first line in the song歌曲的第一行
38. enjoy success in享受……的成功
39. at the end of the day傍晚的时候
Unit9
at night在夜晚
in a more natural environment在一个更加自然的环境中
all year round一年到头;终年
be far from 离……远
in the dark 在黑暗中
in the past 在过去
have been to sp. 去过某地
science museum 科学博物馆
history museum 历史博物馆
amusement park 游乐园
go somewhere different
去不同的地方
go skating 去滑冰
take the subway 坐地铁
a great way to spend a Saturday afternoon一个过周六下午的好方法
all the old movie cameras所有的古老的电影摄影机
learn about sth.了解有关......的情况
on the weekend 在周末
camp in the mountains 在大山里露营
put up a tent搭帐篷
in such a rapid way 以如此迅猛的方式
different kinds of各种各样的
development of toilets 厕所的发展
social groups 社会团体
the tea art performances茶艺表演
make a perfect cup of tea with beautiful tea sets用漂亮的茶具沏一杯完美的茶a nice place to enjoy tea
一个品茶的好地方
thousands of 数以千计的
International Museum of Toilets国际厕所博物馆
the Terracotta Army 兵马俑
Southeast Asia东南亚
Night Safari 夜间动物园
three quarters 四分之三
an English-speaking country
一个讲英语的国家
have problem doing sth.
做某事很困难
during the daytime在白天
a couple of times 好几次
right now 现在;目前
an amusement park with a special theme一个有特别的主题的游乐园
walk around the park
在公园里到处走新|课 | 标| 第 |一| 网 hear of 听说 take a ride 兜风 another province 另一个省 the Bird’s Nest 鸟巢 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 45.on the one hand... on the other hand.一方面，另一方面
unit10 these days 目前;现在 regard with great interest 以极大的兴趣关注着 in order to 为了 so far 迄今;到现在为止 in need 需要 not.. anymore 不再„„ welcome to sp_ 欢迎来到 check out 察看;观察 board games 棋类游戏 one last thing 最后一样东西 junior high school 初 级 中 学 clear out 清理 no longer 不再;不复 toy monkey 玩具猴 part with 与„„分开 to be honest 说实在的 . ride a bike 骑自行车 have a yard sale 进行庭院拍卖会 one’s old things 某人的旧东西 bring back sweet memories 勾起甜美的回忆 give away 捐赠 play for a while 玩一会儿 do with... 处置;处理 search for work 找工作 for the last 13 years 在过去的 13 年里 w W w . x K b 1.c o M the mid-20tH century 20 世纪中期 stay the same 保持原状 according to 依据;按照 in one’s opinion 依„„看 in my time 在我那个年代 新课 标第 一 网

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