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U2基础知识梳理（下）
一、词汇Words
1. fix 安装，使固定
fix 用作及物动词，表示“安装，使固定”之意，其后直接跟名词、代词作宾语。
（1）fix 用作“安装”，指安装门窗，电灯，机器等。
例：他正在房间里安灯。
（2）fix 用作“使固定”，指把某物固定在另一物体上。
例：我们要把图画贴在墙上。
（3）fix 也可以表示“修理”之意，与repair 可互换。
例：我可以为你修理苹果手机。
2. job 工作
job,可数名词，意为某一具体的“工作”，复数形式是 .
work不可数名词名词，意为职位之内具体的工作
例：他能在城市里能找到一份工作。
问职业：
What is your father?
=What’s your father’s job？
=What does your father do?
waiter(s)
policemen
men doctors
Visitors engineers volunteers
waitress(es)
policewomen
women doctors
1) ----What are you________?
--- I am a woman doctor.
A. doing B. job C. working D. \
2) I don’t like my_______. Because I have a lot of ______ to do.
A. work; work B. job; job C. job; work D. work; job
3) One of the _________ there ______ my mother.
A, woman doctors; is B. woman doctors; are C. women doctors; is D. women doctors; are
3. below 在…下面
基本含义
用法辨析
above “在…之上”
强调高于某一点或某一物体，不一定在垂直上方
below “在…下面”
强调低于某一点或某一物体，不一定在垂直下方
on “在…之上”
强调某物在另一物体的表面，两者接触
over “在…之上”
多指某物在另一物体的正上方，两者不接触，但强调垂直
under “在…下面”
多指某物在另一物体的正下方，两者不接触，但强调垂直
（1）below,用作介词，表示位置、数字、职业等“在…下面”之意
例：这位年轻人不到20岁。
（2） below 用作副词，表示“在下，向下”之意。
例：瞧！迈克正站在下面。
4. fire n. 火
fire用作不可数名词，意为“火”，常用“ ”着火了；
set something on fire“引火烧某物”； “着火了”等固定搭配。
例1 当我们到那时，房子着火了。
例2 我们想知道是谁引火烧了这辆车。
批注：fire也可用作可数名词，意为“火灾，燃料”， 意为“生火”
5.policeman n.警察
postman n.邮递员（男） post woman（女）
policeman 男警察 policewoman 女警察
复数形式
6. sick adj. 生病的，恶心的
sick生病的
ill生病的
1. be/get sick 生病了
My mother is sick.
1. be/get ill生病了
My mother is ill.
2. sick+ 名词
a sick man 一个病人
2. 不能加在名词前面
例：这个生病的人需要我们的帮助。
这个宠物狗病的很严重。
练习:
1. ---What’s wrong with you?
---I feel ______.
A. sick B. ill C. terrible D. All over the above
2. My mother is_______, so I have to look after my ________ mother.
A. ill; ill B. sick; sick C. ill; sick D. sick; ill
3. He always helps the old, the poor and _________.
A. the ill B. the sick C. ill D. sick
4. I’m afraid to get on the plane because I am________.
A. sea-ill B. sea-sick C. ill-sick D. sick-sea
5. He always gets angry. He has an______ temper(脾气).
A. sick B. ill C. good D. bad
6. I don’t feel_______. I think I’m _______.
A. good; sick B. good; ill C. well; sick D. well; good
7. sound vi. 听起来
sound 系动词：听起来 名词：声音（人，动物，东西等发出的声音）
系动词+形容词
/ / / / + good, bad, terrible（糟糕的）, great
listen
hear
sound
voice
过程
listen to/listen carefully
结果
can’t hear anything
效果
sound good
人的声音、嗓音
have a good voice
look
see
look
watch
过程
Look at sth
结果
See a dog
效果
Look young/old
观看（仔细地）
watch a basketball
例 ---Shall we go to buy Mo Yan’s new book this weekend?
---That’s sounds great!
1. The music sounds_______. I like it.
A. bad B. well C. beautiful D. terrible
2. The sound ________ a bird.
A. likes B. is C. sounds D. sounds like
3. I _______ carefully, but I still can’t _______ any sound.
A. hear; listen B. listen; sound C. sound; hear D. listen; hear
4. I’m__________ the man over there, but I can’t ______ who he is.
A. looking; look B. seeing; see C. looking at; see D. seeing; look at
8. problem: 问题，困难
have problem(s) (in)doing sth
have problem(s) with sth
problem
question
1. 难以解决的难题
I have a life problem.
1. 疑问，期待回答的问题
Miss Li, I have some Maths questions.
2. 常与solve(解决)连用
solve the problem
2. 常与ask/answer连用
ask a question
练习：
1. Please answer the following two________.
A. problem B. question C. problems D. questions
2. Can you help me solve this ________?
A. questions B. question C. problem D. problems
3. Do you have any_________ doing the homework?
A questions B. problem C. question D. a problem
二、重要句型Important Sentences structures
1. There’s something wrong with my computer.
表示“某物坏了，有毛病了”，相当于
there is something wrong with ….坏了；出问题了
There is not anything wrong with…
=There is nothing wrong with…
1) 坏了：There is something wrong with my bike.
=Something is wrong with my bike.
= My bike is broken.
=My bike doesn’t work.
something/anything/nothing someone/anyone/nobody + 形容词
2)
问：怎么了，出了…问题 What’s wrong with you/your car?
例如：我的手表坏了。
_________________________________.
练习：
1）I will find someone to fix my bike. There is ___________ with it.
A. nothing wrong B. not anything wrong C. something wrong D. wrong something
2) Is there__________ in today’s newspaper?
A. new something B. new anything C. something new D. anything new
3) He didn't find ________ in the bushes.
A. anything unusual B. something unusual C. nothing unusual D. unusual anything
4）. There is ______in today’s newspaper.
A. important something B. anything special C. important anything D. nothing exciting
5) There is something wrong with my car.(同义句)
__________ is _________ with my bike.
My bike ______ ________.
My bike ______ ________.
6) There is not anything wrong with my car. (同义句)
There is _______ wrong with my car.
________ is wrong with my car.
2. My cousin Annie’s bicycle is broken, so she’s going to ask someone to fix it。
someone 不定代词，意为“某人”，表示人，相当于somebody.
注：当someone 等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用 。
例:我们需要人来修手表。
3. Some colleges students are ready to help.
be ready to do sth 乐于做某事 =
为……..做好准备。
例如：李明乐于帮助贫困地区的孩子。
______________________________________________.
晚会一切准备就绪。
____________________________________________.
练习
1. The Maths exam is coming. I am getting ready_______ it.
A. to B. for C. with D. of
2. ---Are you ready_______?
---Yes, I am.
A. running B. for run C. to run D. run
3. She is always willing to help others.(同义句)
She _______ _______ to help others.
4. Some of them often visit the old people and do some shopping for them.
do some shopping 动词短语，意为“买东西”，为固定结构，类似短语：
打扫卫生 读些书 洗衣服
6. ----What are you going to be in the future?
----I like computers. I’m going to be a computer engineer.
be going to…表示“打算做……”，指打算或计划做某事；be going to be(表示职业的名词)，意为“打算当（从事某种职业）的人”
例 I’m going to listen to music after school.
典例讲解
1.In order to find ______ better job, she planned to learn ______ second foreign language.
A. the, a B. a ,a C. the, the D. a ,the
2.There are about ten__________ working in the police station.
A. policeman B. policemen C. postman D. postmen
3.----What are you_________ when you grow up in the future?
----An actor. I want to play in films or plays.
A.going to make B. going to be C. going to have D. going to do
4.You need to put on more clothes because the temperature will drop to five degrees ________ （在…之下）zero .
5.The child is too young____________________(生火) to make the room warmer.
6.The __________(生病的)boy wants his mother to give him a delicious cake.
7.The background music sounds____________(noise). Please turn it down.
三．六．语法—will和be going to构成的一般将来时
概念引入
1．The spaceship will leave the Earth at 9 a. m. 宇宙飞船将在上午9:00离开地球。
2．It’ll take us to the Moon．它将把我们带到月球。
3．When we arrive，I’m going to walk on the Moon．当我们到达时，我将在月球上行走。
4．Are the dogs going to come with us? 狗和我们一起来吗?
句1，2含有助动词will，句3，4含有be going to结构，这四句话都是一般将来时。本单元我们主要学习will和be going to构成的一般将来时。
用法讲解
（一）、基本概念
表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用。
例如： 今天晚上我将在电视上看一场足球比赛。
（二）、基本结构
一般将来时的结构一般由“ ”或“ ”构成。will是助动词，不能独立使用，前面的主语不管是什么人称，其后总用will。在名词或代词后常简缩为’ll，并与主语连写在一起。will的否定形式是will not，缩略形式是 。
（三）、时间状语
一般将来时常用的时间状语： 等。
例如：汤姆两天后回来。
从现在起我会更加小心的。
（四）、基本句型
(1)肯定句
1）主语+will+动词原形+其他
他马上来这儿。
2）主语+be going to+动词原形+其他
我们打算今天下午去爬山。
(2)否定句
1）主语+ will + not + 动词原形+其他
他不去参加聚会。
2）主语+be + not + going to+动词原形+其他
明天他不去做早操。
(3)一般疑问句
1）Will+主语+动词原形+其他?
他会帮助你学习英语吗?
2）Be动词(Am，Is，Are)+主语+going to+动词原形+其他?
你打算明天下午玩电脑游戏吗?
(4)特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句?
—What will the students have for lunch today? 学生们今天午饭吃什么?
—They will have bread．他们将吃面包。
（五）、注意的问题
（1）主语是第一人称I; we 时，常用助动词 shall + 动词原形。否定形式是shall 后加not构成，shall not可缩写成shan’t。
例如：We shall be very happy if you accept it. 如果你接受了它，我们将会很高兴。
I shall write you a letter next month. 下个月我会给你写信。
We shan’t be in the same room all day. 我们不会整天待在同一房间里。
（2）在问对方是否愿意, 或表示客气的邀请时，常用 will。
例如：Will you go to the zoo with me? 你愿意和我去动物园吗？
Will you please open the door? 请打开门好吗？
（3）在表示建议或征求对方意见时，用 shall。
例如：Shall we go at ten? 我们在10:00走好吗？
（六）、There be句型与含有will和be going to的一般将来时
（1）There be句型与含有will的一般将来时基本结构：There will be +名词+其他成分
例如：There will be only one country in the future. 未来会只有一个国家。
（2）There be句型与含有be going to的一般将来时基本结构：
There is / are going to be +名词+其他成分(注意句型中going to 后面的be不能改为have。) 常用来表示将有某事发生。
例如：There is going to be a football match next Saturday in our school.
下周六我们学校将有一场足球比赛。
注意：无论后面加单数名词或名词的复数形式，be都必须用原形。
（七）、be going to与will 的区别
（1）be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。
例如：He is going to write a letter tonight. 今晚他打算写一封信。
He will write a book one day. 有一天他会写一本书。
（2）be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。
例如：I think our team is going to win the game. 我认为我们队会赢得比赛。
He will be twenty years old next year. 明年他就20岁了。
（3）be going to含有“计划，准备”的意思，而will则没有这个意思。
例如：I’m going to spend my holiday in a village. 我打算在一个小村子里度假。
He will be here in half an hour. 他一小时后到达这里。
（4）在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will。
例如：We’ll have a picnic if my father is free. 如果我父亲有空，我们会去野餐。
（5）be going to 表示根据目前迹象推断将要发生的事情，而在没有迹象表明的情况下进行的猜测用“will和be going to”皆可。
例如：Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain. 你看天上的云。快下雨了。
My God! We are going to crash. 天哪！我们快撞车了。
I think the weather will be nice.
I think the weather is going to be nice.我想天会变晴朗的。
课堂检测
( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
A. will be going to B. will going to be
C. is going to be D. will go to be
( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month.
A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working
C. isn’t going to working D. won’t work
( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.
A. will be; is B. is; is
C. will be; will be D. is; will be
( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.
A. was B. is going to have
C. will have D. is going to be
( ) 5. –________ you ________ free tomorrow?
– No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow.
A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will
C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be
( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.
A. will gives B. will give
C. gives D. give
( ) 7. – Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?
–________. （不，不要。）
A. No, you won’t. B. No, you aren’t.
C. No, please don’t. D. No, please.
( ) 8. – Where is the morning paper?
– I ________ if for you at once.
A. get B. am getting
C. to get D. will get
( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday?
A. There will be B. Will there be
C. There can be D. There are
( ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting.
A. have B. will have
C. had D. would have
( ) 11. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.
A. gives B. gave
C. will give D. is going to giving
( ) 12. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there.
A. writes B. has written
C. will write D. wrote
( ) 13. He ________ in three days.
A. coming back B. came back
C. will come back D. is going to coming back
( ) 14. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating.
A. isn’t rain B. won’t rain
C. doesn’t rain D. doesn’t fine
( ) 15. – Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow?
– No, ________ （不去）.
A. they willn’t. B. they won’t.
C. they aren’t. D. they don’t.
( ) 16. Who ________ we ________ swimming with tomorrow afternoon?
A. will; go B. do; go
C. will; going D. shall; go
( ) 17. We ________ the work this way next time.
A. do B. will do
C. going to do D. will doing
Step 1. 思考回忆所学知识点，并将所学知识点列在下面
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