身边的科学小知识-附英文.doc

1、为什么星星会一闪一闪的？
我们看到星闪闪，这不是因为星星本身的光度出现变化，而是与大气的遮挡有关。 大气隔在我们与星星之间，当星光通过大气层时，会受到大气的密度和厚薄影响。大气不是绝对的透明，它的透明度会根据密度的不同而产生变化。所以我们在地面透过它来看星星，就会看到星星好像在闪动的样子了。
Why the stars twinkling of?
We see the stars shining, It is not because there are changes to the luminosity of the stars themselves, but with the block of the atmosphere. The atmosphere between us and the stars, from when the starlight through the atmosphere will be subject to the atmospheric density and thickness effects. Atmosphere is not transparent, and its transparency will change, depending on the density. On the ground through its stars, you will see stars like flashing again.
2. 为什么人会打呵欠？
当我们感到疲累时，体内已产生了许多的二氧化碳。当二氧化碳过多时，必须再增加氧气来平衡体内所需。因为这些残留的二氧化碳，会影响我们身体的机能活动，这时身体便会发出保护性的反应，于是就打起呵欠来。打呵欠是一种深呼吸动作，它会让我们比平常更多地吸进氧气和排出二气化碳，还做到消除疲劳的作用呢。
Why do people yawn?
When we feel tired, the body has produced a lot of carbon dioxide. When the excess of carbon dioxide, you must increase the oxygen needed to balance the body. Due to residual carbon dioxide will affect the functional activity of our body, then the body will issue a protective response, so he yawned. Yawning is a deep breathing movements, it makes us more than the usual more sucked into oxygen and discharge carbon dioxide, but also do to eliminate the role of fatigue

3. 为什么向日葵总是朝着太阳开花？
向日葵花盘下面茎部的地方，含有一种叫做「植物生长素」的物质。这物质有加速繁殖的功用，但却具有厌旋光性，每遇到光线时，便会跑到背光的一面去。所以太阳升起时，向日葵茎部便马上躲到背光的一面去，看起来整棵植物就向着太阳的方向弯曲了。
Why do sunflowers always bloom towards the sun?
Sunflower faceplate below the stem of the place, containing called auxin material. Accelerate the reproductive function of this material, but tired of optical rotation, confronted with the light, will be ran to the backlight side to go. So the sun rose, sunflower stems as soon hid the backlight side to go, looks like the whole plant toward the direction of the sun is bent.
4.为什么萤火虫会发光？
萤火虫会发光因为在它们的腹部末端有发光器，发光器内充满许多含磷的发光质及发光酵素，使萤火虫能发出一闪一闪的光。萤火虫发光的目的，除了要照明之外，还有求偶、警戒、诱捕等用途。这也是它们的一种沟通的工具，不同种类萤火虫的发光方式、发光频率及颜色也会不同，它们藉此来传达不同的讯息。
Why do fireflies light?
Firefly will be light emitter, the emitter filled with the luminous quality of many of the phosphorus and light-emitting enzyme in their end of their abdomen, so that the fireflies can be issued sparking light. The purpose of fireflies glow, in addition to want to lighting, as well as courtship, alert, trapping and other uses. This is also a tool of communication, different types of fireflies light the way, the light-emitting frequency and color will be different, they would like to convey a different message.

能监测环境污染的花卉
Flowers can be monitoring of environmental pollution
1．对二氧化硫敏感的花卉有紫苑、秋海棠、美人蕉、矢车菊、彩叶草、非洲菊、三色堇、天竺葵、万寿菊、牵牛花、百日草等。.
2．对氮氧化物敏感的花卉有矮牵牛、杜鹃、荷花鸢尾、扶桑、香石竹、大丽花、小苍兰、报春花、蔷薇、一串红、金鱼草等。　
3．对臭氧敏感的花卉有矮牵牛、霍香蓟、秋海棠、小苍兰、香石竹、菊花、紫苑、万春菊等。4．对氟化氢敏感的花卉有唐菖蒲、美人蕉、仙客来、萱草、风信子、郁金香、杜鹃、枫等。
5．对氯气敏感的花卉有百日草、蔷薇、金鱼草、紫罗兰、向日葵、香豌豆、郁金香等。
6．对氨气敏感的花卉有矮牵牛、向日葵等。　
1. Sensitive to sulfur dioxide flowers aster, begonia, canna, cornflower, Coleus, Gerbera, pansy, geranium, marigold, morning glory, zinnia, etc.
2.Sensitive to nitrogen oxides flower petunia, azalea, lotus, iris, hibiscus, carnation, dahlia, freesia, primrose, rose, sage, snapdragon, etc..
 3. Ozone-sensitive flower petunia, conyzoides, begonias, freesia, carnation, chrysanthemum, aster, Wan Chun Ju, etc..
4. Hydrogen fluoride-sensitive flower gladiolus, canna, cyclamen, lily, hyacinth, tulips, azaleas, maple and so on.
 5 Zinnia, rose, snapdragon, violets, sunflowers, sweet peas, tulips and other chlorine-sensitive flowers.
6. Sensitive to ammonia flowers such as petunia, sunflower.

光污染　
“光污染”是指各种光源（日光、灯光以及各种反折射光）对周围环境和人的损害作用。事实上，“光污染”并不仅仅存在于玻璃幕墙。夜间行车，往往有些司机会车时不关闭远光灯，有的还打开经过改装后的强光灯，使迎面来车的司机眼前一片炫光，根本无法看清路面；在电焊弧光中，如果不带眼罩进行操作，强烈的反射光可造成视网膜脱落。一般情况下，瞬间的强光照射后，眼睛会有短暂的失明现象，持续大约几秒钟，而有时一场交通事故就在这几秒钟内发生。　　
Light pollution
    "Light pollution" refers to a variety of light sources (sunlight, lighting, and various anti-refraction of light) on the surrounding environment and human harm. In fact, the "light pollution" does not just exist in the glass curtain wall. Driving at night, often some drivers, the car does not turn off the high beam, and some open modified the glare of lights, in front of the driver head to drive a glare, can not see the road; in the welding arc, without goggles to operate, strong reflected light can cause retinal detachment. Under normal circumstances, the glare of the moment, eyes will be short-term blindness phenomenon lasts about a few seconds, and sometimes in a traffic accident occurred within a few seconds.

食物的三个污染源头　
一是化学品。农药、重金属、添加剂、色素、香料、激素等种类繁多。
二是抗生素和抗菌药的不合理使用。若把药物添加到动物的常规饲料中使用，长期喂饲很容易产生抗药性。如果发生了耐药性，不仅在动物因病需要治疗时药物失效，而且抗药菌一旦感染人体，会给人类带来灾难。
三是故意污染。加工贩卖死畜病畜、死禽病禽及腐烂变质食品和饲料，污水灌溉，肮脏生产，掺假制假等。
Three food sources of pollution
  First, the chemicals. A wide range of pesticides, heavy metals, additives, pigments, fragrances, hormones.
Second, the irrational use of antibiotics and antibacterials. If the drug is added to the conventional animal feed, long-term feeding can easily lead to drug resistance. If there is a resistance, not only drug in the animal due to illness in need of treatment failure and drug-resistant bacteria infect human, will give the human disaster.
Deliberate contamination. Processing the sale of dead animals sick animals, dead birds sick birds and spoiled food and feed, sewage irrigation, dirty, production, adulteration and counterfeiting.
五种伤口不能贴创可贴
　创可贴已经成为很多家庭必备的家庭用药，不过并不是所有的伤口都可以使用创可贴，使用不当可能会引起反效果。
　小而深的伤口不能用。创可贴的吸水性和透气性比较差，不利于伤口内的分泌物和脓液排出，容易使细菌生长繁殖，引发或加重感染。
　动物咬的伤口不能用。对于狗咬伤、猫抓伤、蛇咬伤、毒虫蜇伤或咬伤等伤口，使用创可贴会使毒汁和病菌在伤口内蓄积或扩散，不利于伤口的恢复。
各种皮肤疖肿不能用。创可贴的吸水性及透气性都很差，不利于脓液的吸收和引流，反而有利于细菌的生长繁殖。
　污染较重伤口的不能用。发生感染或烧伤、烫伤的创面以及创面较大的皮肤擦伤使用创可贴来覆盖创面，可能会引发或加重感染。
表皮轻微擦伤不需用。一般来说，如果仅仅是轻微的表皮擦伤，大可不必使用创可贴，只要用碘酒或酒精涂一下，就能预防感染。
Five wounds can not paste a Band-Aid
Band-Aid has become a family medicine necessary for many families, but not all wounds can use the Band-Aid, improper use may cause the opposite effect.
Small but deep wound can not be used. The relatively poor water absorption and permeability of the Band-Aid is not conducive to wound secretions and pus discharge, easy to bacterial growth and reproduction, cause or aggravate infection.

Animal bite wounds can not be used. For dog bites, cat scratches, snake bites, poisonous insect stings or bites, wounds, Band-Aid makes venom and bacteria accumulation in the wound or spreading, do not conducive to the recovery of the wound.
A variety of skin boils, swelling can not be used. The band-aid water absorption and permeability are very poor, is not conducive to the absorption and drainage of pus, but is conducive to bacterial growth and reproduction.

The wound can not be seriously polluted. Infection or burns, burns wounds, skin abrasions and a larger wound band-aid to cover the wound may cause or aggravate infection.
The epidermis minor abrasions do not need to use. In general, if only a minor skin abrasions, no need to use band-aid, as long as painted with iodine or alcohol, you can prevent infection.