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反意疑问句
一、 反意疑问句的概念及构成
反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,它表示提问者有一定的主见,但没有把握,希望对方证实一下。
反意疑问句由两部分组成,前一部分是对事物的陈述,后一部分是简短的提问。
反意问句的结构可分为两种:A:十,一?,B:一,十?(注:“+”表示肯定,“一”表示否定)。
It is a fine day, isn’t it? It isn’t a fine day, is it?
二、反意疑问句的解答步骤
1.判定(判断该用肯定还是否定);
2.找动(be动词,情态动词,助动词)
3.换代(将主语换为代词);
4.完成(写上问号,注意语调)。
I have been waiting for you, haven’t I?
Their parents have gone to London, haven’t they?
Jack wasn’t playing soccer, was he?
You have a good friend, don’t you?
We had a meeting, didn’t we?
三、 特殊形式反意疑问句,除了要采取上述其中的几步外,还要注意其不规则变化。
1、 特殊代词做主语
a、人称代词I作主语。由于“am+not”无缩写形式,所以后面问句的谓语和陈述句的谓语不一致如:I am a worker, aren’t I ?
b、指示代词this 或that;these或those 作陈述句的主语, 其简短的主语分别为it 或they。
如:This (That)is your pen , isn’t it ? These(those) aren’t books, are they?
c、不定代词:everyone, everybody , anyone, anybody, someone,somebody, no one, nobody,
问句部分的主语用they
如:Everyone studies English, don’t they? No body is here ,are they ?
d、不定代词 everything , nothing , anything , something 做主语时,其问句部分的主语用it .
如:Everything is here , isn’t it ? Nothing is here , is it ?
2、 祈使句后的反意疑问句形式
a、Let’s表示说话人向对方提出建议,简短问句的主语用 we表示,问句用 shall we?
如: Let’s have a cup of tea ,shall we?
b、Let me或 Let us表示听话人提出请求,问句用 will you 。
如: Let me have a rest , will you?
c、其它的祈使句后可以加一个简短问句will you,使语气变得客气一些。
如:Have a rest, will you ? Don’t stand up , will you ?
3、 主从复合句的反意疑问句形式
a、一般主从复合句,疑问部分中的动词和代词应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致。
如:She says her brother is a worker , doesn’t she ?
b、如果主从复合句中主句的主语I,谓语动词为think, expect , believe , imagine 等,问句中的主语和谓语必须和从句中的主语,谓语保持一致。
如:I don’t think you have done it, have you?
I suppose you know the meaning of the word, don’t you?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
4、含有下列情态动词时构成的反意问句形式
a、陈述句有had better时,问句中用had (hadn’t) 。
You’d better go home now , hadn’t you?
b、陈述句中有 must表示“必须”时问句用 needn’t或 mustn’t
You must do your homework , mustn’t you?/needn’t you?
We mustn’t go home ,must (need) we ?
c、must表示“推测”时,问句中则不能用情态动词,而需要用其它形式。
如:She must be in the room ,isn’t she?
You must have been to Shanghai haven’t you ?
4、 陈述句中含有否定含义的词。
如no, nothing, nobody, little, few, never, neither, hardly, seldom 等问句部分应用肯定形式。
He never wanted to go ,did he ?
I had few apples, did I? There was nothing in the water, was there?
5. 陈述句部分中含有表示否定意义的前缀或后缀(如:un-, in-, im-, dis-, -less等)的词时,
否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。例如:
They dislike English, don't they? 他们不喜欢英语,不是吗?
That's unfair, isn't it? 那件事不公平,不是吗?
You are too careless, aren't you? 你太粗心了,不是吗?
6、并列句的反意疑问句,问句的主语一般与最近的句子的主语保持一致。
如:We must study English hard, or we aren’t good at English ,are we ?
It is late now, but he goes on doing his homework, doesn't he?
7、感叹句的反意问句形式。
感叹句的问句中的谓语动词要用否定形式,be 动词要用一般现在时形式。
如:How slowly he runs , doesn’t he ?
What a good worker he is , isn’t he ?
8. 在there be 句型中,疑问句部分用 be (not) there 如:
There is a book on the table, isn’ there
9. 陈述句部分是"I wish…"句型时,附加问句部分用may I。例如:
I wish I were you, may I? 我希望我是你,可以吗?
I wish her to come here, may I? 我希望她到这儿来,可以吗?
四、 对反意疑问句的回答,
不管问题的提法如何,若事实是肯定的,就要用 yes,事实是否定的,就要用 no。
回答反意疑问句要遵循“实事求是”的原则,肯定的答案就yes+肯定结构;否定的答案就用
no+否定结构。答案要和实际情况相符这和汉语不一样,应特别注意。如:
You are not going out today, are you?
No, I am not 是的,我今天不出去。
Yes, I am. 不,我今天要出去。
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