直接引语转化为间接引语.doc

直接引语转化为间接引语
一、人称要发生变化：
She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。
Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。
二、如何变时态：
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：
（1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时 am,is→was ; are→were ; do→did
（2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时 am/is/are doing → was/were doing
（3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时 will do → would do
（4） 现在完成时变为过去完成时 have/has done → had done
（5） 一般过去时变为过去完成时did → had done
（6） 过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时 不变
[注意]
（1） 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun." →The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
（2） 如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如：
He said to me, "I was born in 1973." →He told me that he was born in 1973.
(3)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
The girl said, "I get up at six every morning." →The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.
(4)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如：
The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation."
→The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.
He said , "I could swim when I was only six ."
→He said that he could swim when he was only six.
(5)直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：
Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→
Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。
注意: she says 和 she tells me 后面要用原来的时态
三、代词等一般地应作相应的变化。
指示代词 this ---that ；these--- those ； 表示时间的词 now --- then ；today--- that day
this week(month ,etc) ----that week (month ,etc) ； yesterday ----the day before
last week(month) --- the week(month) before ； three days(a year)ago---three days(a year)before
tomorrow ----the next (following ) day next week(month)--the next(following)week(month)
表地点的词 here --there 动词 bring -- take

四、如何变句型：
由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况：
1． 直接引语是陈述句时
间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。
He said , "You are younger than I."-’He said (that ) I was younger than him.
She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
2.直接引语是疑问句时
间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。
（1） 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。 He asked me if +主+谓.
She said, "Do you often come here to read newspapers?"
→She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers.
She asked me , "You have seen the film, haven’t you?"
→She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film.
He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.
"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
（2） 选择疑问句变为whether….or 宾语从句。
I asked him, "Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?"
→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.
(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。 (从句一定要改为陈述句语序，即主语-谓语-宾语)
He asked , "Where do you live?" →He asked me where I lived. He asked me 特殊疑问词+主+谓.
She asked,” when do you get up in the morning?” She asked him when he got up in the morning.
3.直接引语是祈使句时
间接引语为不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语（don’t 变为not ）.
asked sb to (not) do sth / told sb (not) to do sth / ordered sb (not) to do sth
The teacher said to the boy, "Open the window."→The teacher told the boy to open the window.
His father said to him , "Don’t leave the door open."→His father told him not to leave the door open.
"Don’t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.

练习：I. 请将下列直接引语改为间接引语。
1. “I'm glad to receive your e-mail,” said he. 　
He said he was glad to receive my e-mail.
2. He said to me, “Are you going home this weekend?”
He asked me if I was going home that weekend.
3. “How do you like the food here?” said she.
She asked me how I liked the food there.
4. She said to me, “Don't ride in the street.” 　
She told me not to ride in the street.
5. “Stand where you are!” the police said to the young man.
The police told或ordered the young man to stand where he was.
6. She said, “Are you from the south?”
She asked me if I was from the south.
7 Mom said to me, “Don't tell a lie.” Mom told me not to tell a lie. tell a lie说谎
8． Susan said to me, “We visited the Red Star Farm last week.”
Susan told me they had visited the Red Star Farm the week before.
9． Mr Paul said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” 光速比声音的速度快(客观真理不变)
Mr Paul told us that light travels faster than sound.
10． “Go and post the letters,” the manager said to him. 去寄信
The manager told him to go and post that letters,
11.The teacher said to his class, "Don't waste your time!" his class 他的全班同学
The teacher said to his class not to waste their time!
12.She said to her son, "Don't forget to turn off the light when you leave the room!"
She said to her son not to forget to turn off the light when he leaves that room.
13.His father said to him, "Think, before you do it!" 三思而后行
His father told him to think , before he does it. 动词不定式to后面要跟原形
14.The teacher said to his students, "Tell briefly暂时地 in your own words how penicillin青霉素 was discovered发现."
The teacher told his students that Tell briefly in their own words how penicillin was discovered.
15.The leader领导者、班长 said to him, "Please write your report报告 as short as possible可能的."
The leader told him to write his report as short as possible. 尽可能的短一些
16.He said to me, "Let me have a look at the book you bought."
He told me to let him have a look at the book I had bought.
17.He said, "I am proud of my motherland祖国."
He said he was proud of his motherland.
18.John said, "I wrote back telling him about it yesterday."
John said he had written back telling him about it the day before.
19.I said, "I will give her some advice tomorrow."
I said I would give her some advice the next day.
20."You are wasting your time day-dreaming白日梦!" he said to Mary.
He said to Mary that she was wasting her time day-dreaming.
21."You have already done your duty," he said to her. do one’s duty 尽职责
He told her that she had already done her duty.
22.Mary wrote in her letter, "Mr. Liu, when will you come to America?"
Mary asked Mr. Liu in her letter when he would come to America.
23."Don't risk冒险 your lives, men!" the captain船长 warned警告.
The captain warned his men not to risk their lives.
24."I'll be very busy today," said the man.
The man said he would be very busy that day.
25.She said, "We have worked on the school farm农场 for two weeks."
She said they had worked on the school farm for two weeks.
26.He said, "I'm reviewing my lessons." review lessons复习功课
He said he was reviewing his lessons.
27.They said, "We arrived this morning."
They said they had arrived that morning.
28.She said to me, "Have lunch with us."
She told me to have lunch with them.
29.The lady asked me, “ Are you a Chinese?” The lady asked me if I was a Chinese.
30.The visitor asked me, “ Can you show me the way to the library?” 带某人到图书馆
The visitor asked me if I could show him the way to the library.
31.George said, “ When will your mother be back?”
George asked me when my mother would be back.
32.The mother said to the boy, “ Don’t put your hand in your mouth.”
The mother told the boy not to put his hand in his mouth.
33.The police man said, “ where do you want to go?”
The police man asked me where I wanted to go.
34.She told me on the phone, “ It is raining now.”
She told me on the phone it was raining then.
35.“Please come to my home this afternoon,” he said to me. come变成go
He told me to go to his home that afternoon.
36.“ I haven’t met this woman before,” he said.
He said he had not met that woman before.
37.“Who gave you my telephone number?” she said to him.
She asked him who gave him her telephone number.
38.“ They left for Shanghai three hours ago,” the woman said. leave for Shanghai 动身去上海
The woman said they had left for Shanghai three hours before.
39.“ I saw your dog here half an hour ago,” the boy told me.
The boy told me he had seen my dog there half an hour before.
40.“Please tell me your name,” he said to her. 祈使句中said to 要用told
He told her to tell him her name.
41.His wife said to him, “ Don’t drive so fast.”
His wife told him not to drive so fast.
42.“ Do you speak English or French?” he asked me.
He asked me whether I spoken English or French.
43.“ I bought the new book yesterday.” he told me.
He told me he had bought that new book the day before.
44.“ I will bring you the tape磁带 tomorrow，” he told me on the phone.
He told me on the phone he would bring me that tape the next day.
45.“ Are they going to arrive today?” he asked me.
He asked me if they were going to arrive that day.
46.“ How did you get home in the rain?” they asked the children.
They asked the children how they had got home in the rain. get-got-got 现在都用got
47.“ Would you like to buy anything?” the shop assistant asked me. shop assistant店员
The shop assistant asked me if I would like to buy anything.
48.“ Don’t spend too much time on computer games,” his mother said to him.
His mother told him not to spend too much time on computer games.
49.“I never决不 eat meat肉.” he said.
He said he never ate meat.
50.“I’ve found my wallet钱包.” he said to me.
He said to me he had found his wallet.
51.“I took it home with me.” she said.
She told me she had taken it home with her.
52.The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”
The teacher said the sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.
53. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.
He said to me he had met her the day before.
54.“You must come here before five.” he said.
He told me that I must come here before five.
55.“I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.
He said he had bought that house 10 years before.
56.“Did you see her last week?” he said.
He asked me if I had seen her the week before.
57.He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”
He told Jim he could sit there.
58.He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”
He asked his mother how she had found it.
59.“Where have you been these days?” he asked.
He asked me where I had been those days.
60.“Do you know where she lives?” he asked.
He asked me if I knew where she lived.
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