形容词副词用法及练习.doc

形容词和副词

一、 定义
形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。
如：good, right, white, orange ：
副词(adv.)： 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。
如：now, very, here, often

二、 形容词和副词的辨析
1、 形容词和副词的区别
形容词：用来修饰名词
副词：用来修饰动词、形容词和副词
所以区别形容词和副词的关键在于看它所修饰的内容。
例如：Candy is a lovely girl.
Candy smiles lovely.
2、 形容词变副词的规律
a. 一般的形容词在结尾加ly变为副词。例如：careful-carefully
b. 以元音加e结尾的单词要去e在加ly。例如：true-truly
c. 辅音加y结尾的单词去y变i在加ly。例如：angry-angrily
d. 单音节y结尾直接加ly。例如：shy-shyly
e. 以le结尾的单词直接将e变为y。例如：terrible-terribly

三、形容词副词的比较级和最高级
1、比较等级的构成
①规则构成：形容词的比较级和最高级的构成有两种形式：词尾加-er，est；在词前加more，most。采用何种形式，要看单词的音节多少和词尾的构成形式，详见下表：

构成规则
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词
一般加-er和-est
small，young
smaller，younger
smallest，youngest
以e结尾的只加-r和-st
wide，large
wider，larger
widest，largest
重度闭音节词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-er和-est
fat
thin
red
fatter
thinner
redder
fattest
thinnest
reddest
一辅音字母加y结尾的，先改y为i，再加-er和-est
dry
drier
driest
双音节词
一辅音字母加y结尾的，同单音节词
heavy
dirty
heavier
dirtier
heaviest
dirtiest
以ow，er，le，et结尾的，同单音节词
narrow
clever
simple
quiet
narrower
cleverer
simpler
quieter
narrowest
cleverest
simplest
quietest
其他的在前面加more和most
careful
famous
more carefully
more famous
most careful
most famous
多音节词
在前面加more和most
important
interesting
beautiful
more important
more interesting
more beautiful
most important
most interesting
most beautiful
②比较等级的不规则构成
原级 比较级 最高级
good, well better best
bad, ill worse worst
many, much more most
old older, elder oldest, eldest
little less least
far farther, further farthest, furthest

二、 形容词各等级的用法：
1、 原级（同级）比较：“和……一样……” 和 “不及……” 这类概念时，句型：“as+原级+as” 和 “not as（so）+原级+as”
　　We’ll give you as much help as we can.
　　She isn’t as(so)active in sports as before.
2. 比较级：表示两者（人或事物）的比较时用比较级，通常用连词 than 引导，表示“较……”或“更……一些”的意思
句型：A + is / are/谓语动词+ 形容词比较级+ than + B
　　如： She is taller than me.
He made fewer mistakes than I did.
　　 He is even richer than I.
3、 最高级：表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较用最高级，最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带of（in,among）短语来说明比较的范围
句型：主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句
　　It was the most/least interesting story I have ever listened.
　　He is the tallest of the three.
　　4、 如果在两者之间表示“最……”时要在比较级前加the，而且还用of the two, of the pair短语：
　　John is the clever of the two boys.
　　Of the two boys, John is the clever.
　　四、 重点与难点：
　　1、 as…as…结构：你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。
　　You’re a boy as good as Tom.=You’re as good a boy as Tom.
　　2、 (1)too…to与 so…that sb.can’t…的句型转换：前者为简单句，主语只有一个，而后者为复合句，主语有两个，试比较：
　　The man was too angry to be able to speak.
　　=The man was so angry that he wasn’t able to speak.
　　The milk was too hot to drink.
　　=The milk was so hot that we can’t drink it.
　　(2) too…to…与 not enough to句型的转换：
　　He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married.
　　The book is too difficult for me to read.
　　=The book is not easy enough for me to read.
　　3、 形容词原级表示比较级含义：
约翰不象迈克那么苯。
John is not so stupid as Mike.
　　John is less stupid than Mike.
　　John is cleverer than Mike.
　　4、 用比较级表示最高级：约翰是班里最高的男生。
　　John is taller than any other boy in the class.
　　John is the tallest boy in the class.
　　John is taller than any other boy/ any of the other boys/ all the other boys/ any of the others/　any one else in the class.
　　5、 the more….. the more….表示“越……越……”:
　　The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is.
　　The more food you eat, the fatter you are.
　　6、 more and more….表示“越来……越……”:
　　More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language.
　　Our country is getting stronger and stronger.
7.“ more (less) than ”表示“不止，不到”
She is more than thirty. 她三十多岁了。
8.“more or less”表示“差不多，或多或少”
The problem is more or less solved.

【注意点】形容词最高级前一定要用the，副词最高级前可省略
在比较级中为了避免重复，在the后常用one，that，those等词来替代前面提到过的名词：
This pen is shorter than that one.；The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.

掌握几种同义句转换
1. He is taller than any other student in his class.

2. I prefer maths to English.

3. The box is too heavy for him to carry.

形容词和副词练习
基础题
一、　写出下列各词的比较级和最高级
　　1.busy ________ ________ 2.long ________ ________
　　3.short ________ ________ 4.old ________ ________
5.small ________ _______ 6.big ________ ________
7．late ________ ________ 8.interesting________ ________
9.carefully________ ________ 10.many________ ________
11.little ________ ________ 12.far ________ ________
二．用适当形式填空
1. --Annie plays the piano very ___________ (well).
-- Sue plays it _____ (well) than Annie. And Sally plays it the __________ (well).
2. Saturday is my _________ (busy) day in a week.
3. Her mother is getting ____________(fat) and ________ (fat).
4. I think it’s too expensive. I’d like a _____________ (cheap) one.
5. He comes to school much ____________ (early) than I.
6.This book is not as _____________ (interesting) as that one.
7. Your classroom is __________(wide) and _________(bright) than ours.
8. Practise as __________ (much) as you can.
9. The ________ (much), the ____________ (good).
10. Nowadays English is _________( important ) than any other subject, 1 think.

二．选择题
( )1 Who gets home usually ____ in your family?
A. the latest B. later C. early D. as late
( )2 The more we looked at the picture, ____.
A. we like it less B. the less we liked it
C. better we liked it D. it looked better
( )3 What a pity. Lucy ran ____ than Lily.
A. a few more slowly B. a little more slowly
C. much more slowly D. little slowlier
( )4 Don’t worry. Your baby is looked after ____ here, the nurse are very ____.
A. careful, carefully B. carefully, careful
C. care, careless D. careless, care
( )5I think the story is not so ______ as that one.
    A. interesting B. interested C. more interesting D. most interesting
( )6. I think science is _______ than Japanese.
 A. much important B. important C. much more important D. more much important
( )7. This pencil is______ than that one.
A. longest B. long C. longer D. as long
( )8. My mother is no _______ young.
A. shorter B. longer C. little D. few
( )9. These children are ________ this year than they were last year.
    A. more tall B. more taller C. very taller D. much taller
( )10. It was very hot yesterday, but it is_______ today.
    A. even hotter B. more hotter C. much more hot D. much hot

提高题：
一．完成句子：
1 她看起来不如玛丽年轻。
She doesn't look __________ _________ __________ Mary.
2.杰克的父亲比母亲大一岁。
Jack's father is __________ _________ _________ than her mother.
3.我们的教室比他们的明亮得多。
Our classroom is ___________ ___________ than theirs.
4。当心！这条路越来越危险。
Look out! The mad is becoming ________ and _________ ________.
5.你喜欢哪种动物，猫还是狗？
Which animal do you like __________, a cat or a dog?
二．改为同义句
1．This book is not as interesting as that one
That book is _______ _______ _______ this one.
2. Nowadays English is more important than any other subject
Nowadays English is _______ _______ _______ _______ all the subjects.
3.My sister is too young to go to school.
My sister is _______ _______ that she can’t go to school.

三．选择题
1. Mrs. Black has got_______ instead of getting any better.
    A. more bad B. a little worse C. much badly D. a lot of worse
2. When we arrived, we found the meeting room crowded with_______ students.
    A. quite a few B. only a few C. few D. a few quite
3. The house is _______ small for a family of six.
    A. much too B. too much C. very much D. so
4. Through the window we can see nothing but _______ buildings.
    A. tall very many B. very many tall C. very tall many D. many very tall
5. -What's your brother like?
    -He is_______.
    A. a driver B. very tall C. my friend D. at school
6. The jacket was so_______ that he decided to buy it.
A. much B. little C. expensive D. cheap
7. Our classroom is________ larger than theirs.
    A. more B. quite C. very D. much
8. The earth is about________ as the moon.
 A. as fifty time big B. fifty times as big
C. as big fifty times D. fifty as times big
9. Your room is ________ mine.
 A. twice as large than  B. twice the size of 
C. bigger twice than D. as twice large as
10. Your room is ________ than mine.
A. three time big B. three times big
C. three times bigger D. bigger three times
11. His father is________ than his mother. ;
A. older four years B. as four years older
C. four years older D. bigger four years
12. Maths is more popular than_________.
A. any other subject B. all the subjects
C. any subject D. other subject
13. China is larger than _________ in Africa.
A. any other country B. other countries
C. the other country J D. any country
14. Tom is stronger than ________ in his class.
    A. any other boy B. any boys C. any boy D. other boy
15. When spring comes, it gets_________.
    A. warm and warm B. colder and colder
C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter
16. By and by, _________ students in our class came to like English.
    A. more and more B. much and much C. many and many D. less and least
17. At last he began to cry __________.
    A. hard and hard B. more hard and more hard C. harder and harder D. less hard and less harder
18. When spring comes the days get _______ and nights ________.
    A. short; long B. long; short C. longer; shorter D. shorter; longer
19. _______ I look at the picture, _________ I like it.
A. The best; the more  B. The more; the less
C. The more; less  D. More; the more
20. _______ he read the book, _______ he got in it.
    A. The more; the more interesting B. The less; the more interesting
    C. The more; the more interested D. More; more interested
21. _______ you come back, _______ it will be.
A. The quicker; the best   B. The sooner; the better
C. Faster; the better    D. The sooner; better
22. I like_______ one of the two books.
    A. the older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older
23. Which is________ country, China or Japan?
    A. the large B. the larger C. larger D. largest
24. Of the two cups, he bought ________.
    A. the smaller B. the smallest C. small D: smaller
25. Which do you like _______, tea or coffee?
A. well B. better C. best D. most
26. This work is _______ for me than for you.
A. difficult    B. most difficult   
C. much difficult   D. more difficult
27. Which do you think tastes _______, the chicken or the fish?
    A. good B. better C. best D. well
28. The Great Pyramid is about 137 metres high today, but it was once__________.
A. higher B. highest C. high too D. more high
29. Don't you think it ________ not to write the letter?
    A. well B. better C. best D. good
30. The book is ________ of the two.
A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest

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