原来美国人这么过万圣节.doc

原来美国人这么过万圣节
这个周末，已经有很多万圣节活动了；不过，其实今天才是万圣节！这到底是个什么节日？它在美国的地位又如何？美国人怎么庆祝万圣节？Jenny, Spencer今天跟你聊一聊！

关键词：

Halloween basics 万圣节基本信息
Halloween: 万圣节
When 到底哪一天？
October 31st every year: 每年10月31日
The date is always the same, unlike many other American holidays such as Thanksgiving which change dates: 万圣节是固定的10月31日，不像有些美国节日，如感恩节，不是固定的日期
It has to do ghosts in the beginning. But it's a big party now: 起源和鬼怪有关，但现在就是一个轻松、好玩儿的大派对
Spooky: 诡异的

小朋友喜欢万圣节的理由：
Dress up in fun costumes: 穿好玩儿的道具服
Stuff your face with candy: 猛吃糖
Terrorize the neighborhood: 在小区恶作剧

A no-pressure holiday 没压力的节日
Halloween is a fun holiday for both kids and adults: 万圣节对孩子、大人来说，都很好玩儿
It's not so serious or sacred: 不是那么严肃、神圣
It's a no-pressure holiday: 是个没有压力的节日
Think of it as a big party: 基本上就是一个大派对

Costume categories 装扮流派
Different costume categories: 道具服、装扮的几个大类
Boys often dress up as superheroes:小男孩儿最爱超级英雄，如超人、蜘蛛侠
Or monsters, goblins, ghouls: 或者打扮成小魔鬼、小怪兽
Little girls often dress up as princesses or witches: 小女孩儿最喜欢打扮成小公主或者小女巫
You can either go for the dark side or the bright side: 装扮可以选择黑暗形象或者正面形象
Creative, funny, topical 创意、搞笑、热点
For adults, dressing up as superheros or monsters is too old, been there, done that: 对大人来说，打扮成超级英雄、或者鬼怪已经没有创意了
Tons of people will dress up as Trump and Hillary this year: 今年，当然最流行打扮成特朗普、希拉里 （特别是大人打扮，会走这种路线）
You can go for the creative and surprise factor: 可以走创意、意想不到的路线
People in the news are often inspiration for costumes: 新闻人物通常是很多人的灵感来源
There's also a lot of crossdressing: 也可以男扮女装、女扮男装
For example, women dress up as Trump, men dress up as Hillary: 比如女的打扮成特朗普、男的打扮成希拉里

上面的希拉里和比尔克林顿其实是水果姐Katy Perry和精灵王子Orlando Bloom扮的。
Creative Halloween costumes 再来些创意万圣节装扮
Themed costume parties on Halloween: 还有主题装扮派对，去的人一定要打扮成和主题相关的样子。比如美剧主题、还有上图这种美食主题，把自己打扮成甜甜圈、肯德基、酱油

Trick or Treat 万圣节讨糖
Kids love trick-or-treating: 小朋友最喜欢“不给糖，就捣蛋”了
Kids dress up in a costume and knock on neighbor's doors: 穿上万圣节道具服，挨家挨户敲门讨糖
Kids will say “Trick or treat!” to ask for candy: 小朋友会大声说“Trick or Treat!"
A treat is a candy: “treat"这里指的就是糖果
If you don't give out candy, kids might play a trick on you: 如果你不给糖，小朋友也许会搞个恶作剧
融入北美社区，准备好糖果、积极参与万圣节
Fitting in: get your candy ready, have fun on Halloween!

万圣节家家户户都会准备好糖果，等待小朋友敲门。
如果你没有准备糖果，小朋友们会很失望，其他邻居也会觉得你不合群。
Why trick or treat? 为什么要讨糖？
Halloween is very commercialized：万圣节是非常商业化的节日
Candy manufacturers make so much money on Halloween. They put a lot of marketing dollar behind it: 讨糖就是糖果、巧克力生产商想出来的点子，每年万圣节都会投入大笔市场费用、然后大赚一笔
Costume manufacturers too: 道具服商家也一样

原来美国人这么过万圣节

Fun with pumpkins 南瓜新玩法
Jack-o-lantern: 万圣节南瓜灯
Pick pumpkins in a pumpkin patch: 去南瓜地买南瓜
Carve them into jack-o'-lanterns: 雕刻成南瓜灯
It's just a fun tradition: 很好玩儿的传统
Trump and Hillary jack-o-lanterns: 特朗普、希拉里南瓜灯

够胆量？去鬼屋 Haunted house tours
Haunted house: 鬼屋，注意不叫 “ghost house”
If a ghost lives somewhere, that place is haunted: haunted的意思就是闹鬼的
I went to New Orleans one year during Halloween, and they claimed to be the most haunted city in America: 有一年万圣节我正好在新奥尔良，那里号称是美国最诡异的城市
I joined a haunted house tour where a guide took us to some really old spots at night， but I didn't find it scary: 我参加了一个当地的鬼屋团，但也没觉得很可拍
Do you believe in ghosts? 你相信有鬼吗？
Perhaps ghosts exist in a different dimension: 也许它们生存在另一个维度

怀旧万圣节 Older Halloween traditions
万圣节如今已经非常商业化，Spencer不禁怀念起儿时简单、淳朴的万圣节：
There's a game called Bobbing for Apples: 我小时候，会玩儿一个咬苹果的游戏
You put apples in a bucket of water: 把一堆苹果放在水桶里
Compete against each other to see how many apples they can bob for using just their teeth: 只能用牙咬出来，不能用手拿
It doesn't sound safe, and it's not that commonly played now: 现在回想起来，真不太安全，怪不得现在玩儿的人也不多了
You can also go on a hay ride: 小时候也有万圣节稻草拖拉机游车
They put a bunch of hay on a big tractor and you ride around on the farm: 在拖拉机上放一大堆稻草，小朋友坐在上面游车河

Halloween in China 万圣节在中国
Halloween wasn't celebrated at all in China a few year ago: 前几年在中国，没人过万圣节
But now in Shanghai, Halloween is everywhere: 但现在在上海，万圣节也随处可见
Even convenience stores sell Halloween-themed items: 便利店都有万圣节的东西
Lots of preschools will throw parties for the kids: 很多幼儿园还有万圣节活动
It's all commercialized: 都是商业化的套路
译者的任务
台湾籍旅美老师今天交给我们的句子是：

So translators were not only tasked with adapting the text from English into their target languages and cultures, but also making assumptions about Rowling's intentions and translating the spirit of her approach.
所以译者的任务不但是要将英文译得符合目标语言及其文化，还需要揣测JK罗琳的想法，并且照着她的写作手法翻出她想表达的精神。

译者的任务

学习重点：

1.translator 译者
translator (n.) 译者
translate (v.) 翻译
translation (n.) 翻译

2.adapt 适应、适合
adapt (v.) 适应、适合
adaptation (n.) 改编、改写
adopt (v.) 收养
adoption (n.) 采纳

3.assumption 假想、假定
assumption (n.) 假想、假定
assume (v.) 预设

4.intention 目的
intention (n.) 目的
intent (v.) 意图

5.approach 接近、方法
approach (n.) 接近、方法
不通情达理
第一， 迷你对话

A: You have already blue in the face.

你已经面红耳赤了。

B: Yeah. He jumped down my throat. I couldn’t stand him.

是的，他气死我了。我忍受不住他了。

A: You two should have a heart-to-heart talk about that.

你们两人该推心置腹地好好谈谈。

B: I know. But he has no sense. He was driving me to the wall.

我知道，可是他毫不讲理，说起话来把我冲到墙上去了。

第二， 地道表达

have no sense

1. 解词释义

Have no sense字母意思看，是“没有理性”的意思，引申为“不通情达理，无感知力”等意思。

2. 拓展范例

e.g. He has no sense and will not understand your delay.

他是个通情达理的人，能谅解你的拖延。

e.g. He has no sense so long as you rub him the wrong way.

他是个不通情达理的人，只要触犯了他。

e.g. He had no sense and did not apologize to me for the insulting remark.

他不通情达理，没有向我道了歉。

第三， 咬文嚼字

in the face：脸上

e.g. He swore himself black in the face.

他气得脸色发青, 咒骂自己。

e.g. A spray of salt water hit her in the face.

飞溅的海水打在她的脸上。

jump down one’s throat：突然对某人大发雷霆

e.g. Why does he always jump down your throat?

他为什么总是对你严加斥责？

e.g. All right, he was wrong, but did you have to jump down his throat in front of everybody?

是的，是他错了，但是你就非得当着大伙的面训斥他吗？

have a heart-to-heart talk：推心置腹地谈谈

e.g. You should be in a placid mood and have a heart-to-heart talk with her.

你应该心平气和的好好和她谈谈心。

e.g. When we have a chance again to sit down and have a heart-to-heart talk, my love is still as ever, only that I will not let you know.

当我们再有机会坐下来，好好地谈一谈的时候，我的爱依旧，只是不想在让你知道了。

drive sb. to the wall：把某人逼到绝境

e.g. His enemies had driven him to the wall.

他的敌人把他逼得走投无路。

e.g. When he's driven to a wall he invariably loses his temper.
当他被说得无言以对时，他当然会生气。
"首投族"肩负美国大选重任
Meet Some of America's First-Time Voters
Every four years, young Americans and naturalized citizens are able to vote for the first time for a president. This year, more than 10 million people have become eligible to vote for their first time.
These new voters are diverse in age, background and political opinions. They will be a big part of what the Pew Research Center has called the most "diverse electorate in U.S. history."
A majority of newly eligible voters are between the ages of 18 and 29. The voting age in the United States is 18. But researchers say young people are the least likely group to vote on Election Day.
Naturalized American citizens will also have a chance to cast their votes for the first time this November. Many of them say they care about issues such as economic fairness and educational opportunity.
Amanda Lugg is one of those first-time voters. She is a naturalized English and Ugandan-American citizen.
"The disparity in this country between the haves and the have-nots has just grown wider and wider, and with that breeds, breeds so much animosity and fear and results in something like we're seeing in, in the U.K. right now."
Jace Laquerre was the youngest delegate at this year's Republican Party convention. He turned 18 in August. He says he hopes the party will listen to the opinions of young voters.
"A lot of younger people are more liberty-oriented, a little more socially liberal than the older Republicans, and I think that's what's costing us elections in the end, and so, you know, young Republicans are here to say this is what we think and hopefully if the older Republicans will listen we can help win the youth vote in the future and win some elections."
Aya Elamroussi is an Egyptian-American student and a first-time voter. She says many young Americans do not understand how much freedom they have. That includes the freedom to vote."Voting is the basic act of a democratic country. Most of us in America, if you were to compare the lives here to the ones in Egypt, we live a comfortable life. We, at age 16, you, you are able to go out there and have a job and pretty much make your own money. Over there, that's not something that happens."
More new voters support Democratic and Independent candidates than Republicans. But some new voters say they want Donald Trump to become president, including Christian Martinez.
"Everything other than his radical statements, everything, I believe that he's very well integrated when it comes to making a strong foundation with the, into the economy. The economy is something very fragile, but yet again it could revolve around giving us free health care, free education. If our economy is weak, we can't do anything."
Elamroussi says she is frightened by the possibility that Trump could become president.
"The idea is when the rhetoric that he says becomes normalized. When it can cause violence, when it can turn debate, peaceful debate, into physical violence. That's where the problem comes in."
I'm Jonathan Evans.
1.political opinion 政治观点

A government should permit the free expression of political opinion.
政府应当允许自由发表政见。

2.A majority of 大多数的

Members of parliament approved the move by a majority of ninety-nine.
议员以99张的多数票批准了这项动

3.first-time 初次的；第一次的

First-time licence holders have to work under supervision.
首次取得许可证的人员必须在监督之下工作。

4.care about 关心

I don't care about the matter.
我对这事毫不介意。
1.I believe that he's very well integrated when it comes to making a strong foundation with the, into the economy.

when it comes to 谈及

When it comes to photography, I'm not an adept.
要说照相，我不是内行。
They are inexperienced when it comes to decorating.
说到装修，他们就没有什么经验了。

2.The economy is something very fragile, but yet again it could revolve around giving us free health care, free education.

health care 卫生保健

They also stress the need for improved employment opportunities, better transport and health care.
他们同时也强调需要增加就业机会，改善交通和医疗保健服务。
He's already solicited their support on health care reform.
他已就医疗改革问题请求他们的支持。

“首投族”肩负美国大选中的重任
每四年，美国就有一批新的年轻公民和入籍公民首次参加总统选举的投票。今年的总统选举中，约1000万人首次获得参与投票的资格。
新选民在年龄、背景和政治观点方面十分多样化。他们将成为皮尤研究中心所说的“美国史上最多样化选民”的重要组成部分。
美国新选民多半为18到29岁的年轻人。美国的法定投票年龄为18岁。但他们也是选举日最不爱投票的一群人。

首投族肩负美国大选重任.jpg
今年11月，美国公民也将有机会首次参加大选投票。多数民众表示，他们比较关心经济公平和教育机会等问题。
阿曼达·拉格（Amanda Lugg）其中一位首投族。她是入籍的英格兰和乌干达裔美国公民。
她说，“美国的贫富差距越来越大。这一现象会衍生出过多的仇恨和恐惧并导致了如今英国所出现的一些状况。”
杰斯·拉克尔（Jace Laquerre）是今年共和党大会上最年轻的代表。他8月份刚满18岁。他称，希望共和党能够倾听年轻选民的想法。
他说，“与那些年长的共和党人相比，很多年轻人更倾向于自由派，在社会议题方面也更倾向于自由主义。我想这就是共和党最终落败选举的原因。因此年轻的共和党人到此一抒己见，希望年长的共和党人倾听我们的意见，以便将来争取年轻人的选票并赢得选举。”
安娅·阿姆鲁西（Aya Elamroussi）是一位埃及裔美国学生，同时也是一名首投族。她认为，美国多半的年轻人并没有意识到自己拥有的自由，包括投票自由。
她说：“投票是民主国家的一项基本行为。我们中的多数人觉得，如果将美国的生活与埃及作比较，这里的生活就太舒适了。在美国，16岁就可以工作自己赚零花钱。而这样的事情在埃及是不可能的。”
越来越多的新选民支持民主党和独立候选人而非共和党。然而一些新选民认为，希望川普成为总统，包括克里斯蒂安·马丁内兹（Christian Martinez）。
他说：“撇开激进的言论不说，他在强化经济方面还是很擅长的。我们的经济十分薄弱，这关系到民众的免费医疗、免费教育等重大问题。如果经济崩溃，那么一切都是纸上谈兵。”
阿姆鲁西则表示，一想到川普可能成为总统她就觉得后怕。
她说：“虽然人们对其怪异的言论已经习以为常。但当言论引发暴力活动、让平和的辩论变为肢体冲突时，麻烦就出现了。”
乔纳森·埃文斯为您播报。
FBI仍在调查希拉里的私人邮件服务器
JUDY WOODRUFF: For Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton, it's the start of the last full week of presidential campaigning. And with just eight days to go until Election Day, the contest has been injected with new uncertainty.

John Yang begins our coverage.

JOHN YANG: With Election Day just around the corner, the hot topic on the campaign today was something that's dogged the Democratic nominee for nearly two years, her use of a private e-mail server as secretary of state.

HILLARY CLINTON (D), Presidential Nominee: Now they apparently they want to look at e-mails of one of my staffers, and, by all means, they should look at them. And I am sure they will reach the same conclusion they did when they looked at my e-mails for the last year: There is no case here!

DONALD TRUMP (R), Presidential Nominee: Hillary is not the victim. The American people are the victim of this corrupt system in every way. And this is your one chance right now, November 8, to change it.

JOHN YANG: The FBI is scouring hundreds of thousands of newly discovered e-mails to see if any of them are relevant to its investigation of how she handled classified information.

The e-mails were discovered on the computer of Anthony Weiner, the disgraced former congressman from New York who's under investigation for allegedly sending sexual messages to a 15-year-old girl. He's the estranged husband of Huma Abedin, one of Clinton's closest aides, who was conspicuously absent today from Clinton's campaign plane.

Meanwhile, criticism continues to build over FBI Director James Comey's decision to tell Congress of the new e-mails before they were evaluated.

Former Attorney General Eric Holder wrote in today's Washington Post that: "While Comey is a man of integrity and honor, he committed a serious error with potentially severe implications."

大选前一周 FBI仍在调查希拉里的私人邮件服务器

JOSH EARNEST, White House Press Secretary: Director Comey is a man of integrity. He's a man of principle.

JOHN YANG: The issue also dominated the day's White House news briefing.

JOSH EARNEST: The president doesn't believe that Director Comey is intentionally trying to influence the outcome of an election. I'm just not going to be in a position to, frankly, either defend or criticize decisions that he's made with regard to what to communicate in public.

JOHN YANG: Meanwhile, CNN said it had cut ties with Donna Brazile, interim chair of the Democratic National Committee. That followed today's WikiLeaks release of another batch of hacked Clinton campaign e-mails. One of them was from Brazile, then a CNN analyst, the day before the network hosted a debate between Clinton and Bernie Sanders in Flint, Michigan.

She told campaign officials the details of one of the questions Clinton was asked at the event about the city's tainted water crisis. It's the second time hacked e-mails showed Brazile tipping the Clinton camp to debate questions. CNN said it is completely uncomfortable with her interactions with the campaign while a network analyst.

Today, the candidates were in key battleground states. Clinton was in Ohio, where polls show a tight race. Trump was next door in Michigan, trying to gain ground in a state that hasn't voted for a Republican presidential candidate since 1988, and where current polls show him behind.

For the "PBS NewsHour," I'm John Yang.
中西方"龙文化"差异
The Tale of Two Dragons
Dragons are for China a symbol of prosperity but in the West they've had a bad