汉译英翻译——找谓语.doc

汉译英翻译——找谓语
找谓语的方法：
1、汉语的动词没有人称、时态、数和语态的变化；英语的动词有人称、时态、数和语态的变化；多关注主谓一致原则，多注意英语句子的语法结构。
2、汉语是明显的动作性语言，多数句子都有明显的谓语动词；英语中只有动词才能充当谓语。
3、汉语中有名词、形容词、数词、主谓短语和介词短语充当谓语，有是字句；英语中用系表结构来翻译。
4、汉语有连动式；英语没有两个动作直接叠加的情况。
（1）用and连接并列谓语的动作；
（2）用非谓语动词连接；
（3）用介词短语代替动作。
5、汉语的谓语有兼语式；英文中用主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语来翻译。
句型：请某人做某事；让某人做某事；叫某人做某事
6、汉语中少用被字句；
汉语中有：把、受、让、给、由、受到、得到、加以、得以、为...所、由...来、是...的，等时，英语多用被动句翻译。
7、汉语有存现句；
英语多用 There be 句型翻译。
例：过去的五十年不是发明创新的黄金时期。
The past fifty years was not the gold age for invention and innovation.
Passage 2
1．实行改革开放以来改变了过去封闭半封闭状态，提高了我国经济水平。
Since China started to implement the policy of opening up to the outside, its total or semi-closure has been changed and the level of its economy and technology has been raised.
Passage 8
迄今为止，教育工作还没有找到比考试更有效、更可靠的方法，着实有点离奇。
So far, there has been no way which is more effective and reliable than exams in education, which seems kind of queer.
我相信，中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国投资活动的机会将越来越多，自身发展的空间也越来越大。
I believe that, after China's entry into WTO, more opportunities will be created for the participation of foreign entrepreneurs in the investment activities in China and lager space for their own development.
投资规模偏大。
The investment scale is too large.
很多道路太窄。
Many roads are too narrow.
Passage 13
此外，对于那些刚刚脱贫的人们，他们目前的生活状况必须改善。
Furthermore, the present living conditions must be improved for those who have just freed themselves from poverty.
Passage 5
“学习”也许意味着对一系列细小而不相关的行为按新的顺序重新排列。
Learning may mean that a number of small independent acts are arranged in a new order.
美国的经济体制主要是围绕私人企业和市场为导向建立起来的。
The economy system of USA is mainly set up centering on the private enterprises and market orientation.
Passage 13
他们的生产和生活状况没有从根本上被改变。
Their production and living conditions have not been changed fundamentally.
Passage 12
各国的人权问题主要由各国政府和人民自己来解决，世界的人权问题要由世界各国政府和人民共同参与来解决。
Each country's human rights problem should be solved mainly by its own government and people, while that of the world by governments and people from all over the world together.
Passage 4
我们花很少的钱就能够买到一份日报。
The fact that we spend very little money to buy a piece of daily .
市政府去年启动了一项净空工程，关闭了大气污染严重的企业。
The municipal government started an air decontamination project at the end of last year closing the enterprises that course heavy pollution.
从社会总体、长远的利益出发，政府可以运用税收、转移支付等方式适当调节收入分配差距，扶助弱势群体，维护整个社会的和谐、稳定
From the society as a whole and long-term profit perspectives, the government can use tax or transfer payment to appropriately adjust the difference of income distribution so as to help the weak and maintain harmony and stability of the society.