避碰规则全文(中英).doc

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1972国际海上避碰规则 中英文对照版
Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea. 1972
PART A ── GENERAL
Rule 1
Application
(a) These Rules shall to all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected there with navigable by sea going vessels.
(b) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of special rules made by an appropriate authority for roadsteads, harbours, rivers, lakes or inland waterways connected with the high seas and navigable by sea- going vessels. Such special rules shall conform as closely as possible to these Rules.
(c) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the Government of any State with respect to additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals for ships of war and vessels proceeding under convoy, or with respect to additional station or shapes for fishing vessels engaged in fishing as a fleet. These additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals shall, so far as possible, be such that they cannot be mistaken for any light, shape or signal authorized elsewhere under these Rules.
(d) Traffic separation schemes may be adopted by the Organization for the purpose of these Rules.
(e) Whenever the Government concerned shall have determined that a vessel of special construction or purpose cannot comply fully with the provisions of any of these Rules with respect to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signaling appliances, such vessel shall comply with such other provisions in regard to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound- signaling appliances, as her Government shall have determined to be the closest possible compliance with these Rules in respect of that vessel.
第一条 适用范围
1. 本规则适用于公海和连接于公海而可供海船航行的一切水域中的一切船舶.
2. 本规则不妨碍有关主管机关为连接于公海而可供海船航行的任何港外锚地、港 口、江河、湖泊或内陆水道所制订的特殊规定的实施。这种特殊规定,应尽可能 符合本规则。
3. 本规则不妨碍各国政府为军舰及护航下的船舶所制订的关于额外的队形灯、信号灯、号型或笛号，或者为结对从事捕鱼的渔船所制定的关于额外的队形灯、信号灯、号型或笛号, 应尽可能不致被误认为本规则其他条文所规定的任何号灯、号型或信号。
4. 为实施本规则，本组织可以采纳分道通航制。
5. 凡经有关政府确定，某种特殊构造或用途的船舶，如不能完全遵守本规则任何一条关于号灯或号型的数量、位置、能见距离或弧度以及声号设备的配置和特性的规定时，则应遵守其政府在号灯或号型的数量、位置、能见距离或弧度以及声号设备的配置和特性方面为之另行确定的尽可能符合本规则要求的规定。
Rule 2
Responsibility
(a) Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case.
(b) In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, including the limitations of the vessels involved, which may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger.
第二条 责任
1.本规则并不免除任何船舶或其所有人、船长或船员由于遵守本规则的任何疏忽，或者海员通常做法要求的或当时特殊情况要求的任何戒备上的疏忽而产生的各种后果的责任。
2.在解释和遵守本规则时，应考虑到一切航行和碰撞的危险以及包括当事船舶条件限制在内的任何特殊情况，这些危险和特殊情况可能使船舶在必要时为避免紧迫危险而背离本规则。
Rule 3
General Definitions
For the purpose of these Rules, except where the context otherwise requires:
(a) The word "vessel" includes every description of water craft, including non- displacement craft and seaplanes, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water.
(b) The term "power- driven vessel" means any vessel under sail provided that propelling machinery, if fitted, is not being used.
(d) The term "vessel engaged in fishing" means any vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls or other fishing apparatus which restrict maneuverability, but does not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do not restrict maneuverability.
(e) The word "seaplane" includes any aircraft designed to manoeuvre on the water.
(f) The term "vessel not under command" means a vessel which through some exceptional circumstance is unable to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.
(g) The term "vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre" means a vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel. The term "vessels restricted in their ability to manoeuvre" shall include but not be limited to:
(i) A vessel engaged in laying, servicing or picking up a navigation mark, submarine cable or pipeline;
(ii) A vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater operations;
(iii) A vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons, provisions or cargo while underway;
(iv) a vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft;
(v) a vessel engaged in mine clearance operations;
(vi) a vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course.
(h) The term "vessel constrained by her draught" means a power-driven vessel which, because of her draught in relation to the available depth and width of navigable water, is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following.
(i) The word "underway" means that a vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground.
(j) The words "length" and "breadth" of a vessel mean her length overall and greatest breadth.
(k) Vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when one can be observed visually from the other.
(L) The term "restricted visibility" means any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, sandstorms or any other similar causes.
第三条 一般定义
除其他条文另有解释外，在本规则中：
１．“船舶”一词，指用作或者能够用作水上运输工具的各类水上船筏，包括非排水船舶和水上飞机。
２．“机动船”一词，指用机器推进的任何船舶。
３．“帆船”一词，指任何驶帆的船舶，包括装有推进机器而不在使用者。
４．“从事捕鱼的船舶”一词，指使用网具、绳钓、拖网或其他使其操纵性能受到限制的渔具捕鱼的任何船舶，但不包括使用曳绳钓或其他并不使其操纵性能受到限制的渔具捕鱼的船舶。
５．“水上飞机”一词，包括为能在水面操纵而设计的任何航空器。
６．“失去控制的船舶”一词，指由于某种异常的情况，不能按本规则各条的要求进行操纵，因而不能给他船让路的船舶。
７．“操纵能力受到限制的船舶”一词，指由于工作性质，使其按本规则要求进行操纵的能力受到限制，因而不能给他船让路的船舶。
“操纵能力受到限制的船舶”一词应包括，但不限于下列船舶：
（１）从事敷设、维修或起捞助航标志、海底电缆或管道的船舶；
（２）从事疏浚、测量或水下作业的船舶；
（３）在航中从事补给或转运人员、食品或货物的船舶；
（４）从事发放或回收航空器的船舶；
（５）从事清除水雷作业的船舶；
（６）从事拖带作业的船舶，而该项拖带作业使该拖船及其被拖船偏离所驶航向的能力严重受到限制者。
８．“限于吃水的船舶”一词，指由于吃水与可用水深的关系，致使其偏离所驶航向的能力严重地受到限制的机动船。
９．“在航”一词，指船舳不在锚泊、系岸或搁浅。
１０．船舶的“长度”和“宽度”是指其总长度和最大宽度。
１１．只有当一船能自他船以视觉看到时，才应认为两船是在互见中。
１２．“能见度不良”一词，指任何由于雾、霾、下雪、暴风雨、沙暴或任何其他类似原因而使能见度受到限制的情况。
PART B-STEERING AND SAILING RULES
SECTION 1-CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN ANY
CONDITION OF VISIBILITY
Rule 4
Application
Rules in this Section apply in any condition of visibility
第二章 驾驶和航行规则
第一节 船舶在任何能见度情况下的行动规则
（第四——第十条）
Rule 5
Look-out
Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision.
第五条 了 望
每一船应在任何时候用视觉、听觉以及适合当时环境和情况的一切可用手段保持正规的了望，以便对局面和碰撞危险作出充分的估计。

Rule 6
Safe speed
Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions.
In determining a safe speed the following factors shall be among those taken into account:
(a) By all vessels:
(i) The state of visibility;
(ii) The traffic density including concentrations of fishing vessels or any other vessels;
(iii) The manoeuvrability of the vessel with special reference to stopping distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions;
(iv) at night the presence of background light such as from shore lights or from back scatter of her own lights;
(v) the state of wind, sea and current, and the proximity of navigational hazards;
(vi) the draught in relation to the available depth of water.
(b) Additionally, by vessels with operational radar;
(i) the characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the radar equipment;
(ii) any constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use;
(iii) the effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather and other sources of interference;
(iv) the possibility that small vessels, ice and other floating objects may not be detected by radar at an adequate range;
(v) The number, location and movement of vessels detected by radar;
(vi) The more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when radar is used to determine the range of vessels or other objects in the vicinity.
第六条 安全航速
每一船在任何时候都应用安全航速行驶,以便能采取适当而有效的行动避免碰撞,并能在适合当时环境和情况的距离以内把船停住。在决定安全航速时，考虑的因素中应包括下列各点：
1.对所有船舶：
(1)能见度情况；
(2)通航密度，包括渔船或者任何其他船舶的密集程度；
(3)船舶的操纵性能，特别是在当时情况下的冲程和旋回性能；
(4)夜间出现的背景亮光，诸如来自岸上的灯光或本船灯光的反向散射；
(5)风、浪和流的状况以及靠近航海危险物的情况：
(6)吃水与可用水深的关系。
2.对备有可使用的雷达的船舶，还须考虑：
(1)雷达设备的特性、效率和局限性；
(2)所选用的雷达距离标尺带来的任何限制；
(3)海况、天气和其他干扰源对雷达探测的影响；
(4)在适当距离内，雷达对小船、浮冰和其他漂浮物有探测不到的可能性；
(5)雷达探测到的船舶数目、位置和动态；
(6)当用雷达测定附近船舶或其他物体的距离时，可能对能见度作出的更确切的估计。
Rule 7
Risk of Collision
(a) Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions to determine if risk of collision exists. If there is any doubt such risk shall be deemed to exist.
(b) Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational, including long-range scanning to obtain early warning of risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects.
(c) Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information, especially scanty radar information.
(d) In determining if risk of collision exists the following considerations shall be among those taken into account:
(i) Such risk shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change:
(ii) Such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when approaching a vessel at close range.
第七条 碰撞危险
1.每一船应用适合当时环境和情况的一切可用手段断定是否存在碰撞危险，如有 任何怀疑，则应认为存在这种危险。
2.如装有雷达设备并可使用的话，则应正确予以使用,包括远距离扫瞄,以便获得 碰撞危险的早期警报,并对探测到的物标进行雷达标绘或与其相当的系统观察。
3.不应当根据不充分的资料，特别是不充分的雷达观测资料作出推断。
4.在断定是否存在碰撞危险时，考虑的因素中应包括下列各点：
(1)如果来船的罗经方位没有明显的变化，则应认为存在这种危险；
(2)即使有明显的方位变化，有时也可能存在这种危险， 特别是在驶近一艘很大的船或拖带船组时，或是在近距离驶近他船时。
Rule 8
Action to avoid Collision
(a) Any action to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be positive, made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship.
(b) Any alteration of course and / or speed to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar; a succession of small alterations of course and / or speed should be avoided.
(c) If there is sufficient sea room, alteration of course alone may be the most effective action to avoid a close-quarters situation provided that it is made in good time, is substantial and does not result in another close quarters situation.
(d) Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel shall be such as to result in passing at safe distance, the effectiveness of the action shall be carefully checked until the other vessel is finally past and clear.
(e) If necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess the situation, a vessel shall slacken her speed or take all way off by stopping or reversing her means of propulsion.
(f) (i) A vessel which, by any of these rules, is required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel shall, when required by the circumstances of the case, take early action to allow sufficient sea- room for the safe passage of the other vessel.
(ii) A vessel required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel is not relieved of this obligation if approaching the other vessel so as to involve
risk of collision and shall, when taking action, have full regard to the action which may be required by the rules of this part.
(iii) A vessel the passage of which is not to be impeded remains fully obliged to comply with the rules of this part when the two vessels are approaching one another so as to involve risk of collision.
第八条 避免碰撞的行动
1.为避免碰撞所采取的任何行动，如当时环境许可，应是积极的，应及早地进行并注意运用良好的船艺。
2.为避免碰撞而作的航向和（或）航速的任何变动，如当时环境许可，应大得足以使他船用视觉或雷达观察时容易察觉到；应避免对航向和（或）航速作一连串的小变动。
3.如有足够的水域，则单用转向可能是避免紧迫局面的最有效行动，只要这种行动是及时的，大幅度的并且不至造成另一紧迫局面。
4.为避免与他船碰撞而采取的行动，应能导致在安全的距离驶过。应细心查核避让行动的有效性，直到最后驶过让清他船为止。
5.为避免碰撞或留有更多时间来估计局面，必要时, 船舶应当减速或者停止或倒转 推进器把船停住。
6. (1)根据本规则任何规定， 要求不得妨碍另一艘船通过或安全通过的船舶应根据 当时环境的需要及早地采取行动以留出足够的水域供他船安全通过。
(2)如果在接近其他船舶致有碰撞危险时， 被要求不得妨碍另一艘船通过或安全通过的船舶并不解除这一责任，且当采取行动时，应充分考虑到本章各条可能要求的行动。
Rule 9
Narrow Channels
(a) A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable.
(b) A vessel of less than 20 meters in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within narrow channel or fairway.
(c) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway.
(d) A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or fairway if such crossing impedes the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway. The latter vessel may use the sound signal prescribed in Rule 34(d) if in doubt as to the intention of the crossing vessel.
(e) (i) In a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take place only if the vessel to be overtaken has to take action to permit safe passing, the vessel intending to overtake shall indicate her intention by sounding the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(c)(i). The vessel to be overtaken shall, if in agreement, sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(c)(ii) and take steps to permit safe passing. If in doubt she may sound the signals prescribed in Rule 34(d).
(ii) This Rule does not relieve the overtaking vessel of her obligation under Rule 13.
(f) A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall navigate with particular alertness and caution and shall sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(e).
(g) Any vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid anchoring in a narrow channel.
第九条 狭水道
1.船舶沿狭水道或航道行驶时，只要安全可行， 应尽量靠近其右舷的该水道或航道的外缘。
2.帆船或者长度小于20米的船舶，不应妨碍只能在狭水道或航道以内安全航行的船舶通行。
3.从事捕鱼的船舶，不应妨碍任何其他在狭水道或航道以内航行的船舶通行。
4.船舶不应穿越狭水道或航道，如果这种穿越会妨碍只能在这种水道或航道以内安全航行的船舶通行。后者若对穿越船的意图有怀疑时,可以使用第三十四条4款所规定的声号。
5.(1)在狭水道或航道内， 如只有在被追越船必须采取行动以允许安全通过能追越时，则企图追越的船，应鸣放第三十四条3款(1)项所规定的相应声号， 以表示本船的意图。被追越船如果同意，应鸣放第三十四条3款(2) 所规定的相 应声号，并采取使之能安全通过的措施。如有怀疑， 则可以鸣放第三十四条4款所规定的声号。
(2)本条并不解除追越船根据第十三条所负的义务。
6.船舶在驶近其他船舶可能被居间障碍物遮蔽的狭水道或航道的弯头或地段时