牛津版八年级英语Unit 1 Past and present--Vocabulary [ty].doc

Unit 1 Past and present
Part 1 Teaching design
VOCABULARY
四会 (n.) past, present, wife, job, cinema, steel, plant, factory, waste,
husband, interview, exhibition, century, ship, environment, duck,
development, service, feeling, dictionary, advantage, tower, attraction
(v.) turn, pollute, realize, reduce, throw, repair, own, lend, describe
(adj.) married, central, open, lonely, unhealthy, unlucky, unpleasant, fresh,
primary, recent
(adv.) ever, just, yet
(prep) since, till, over
三会 transport, times, double-decker, dump, poison, opposite, recently,
title, board
二会 stall
EXPRESSIONS
transport at different times, light trail, in fact, get married, change a lot, do a history project, turn into, open space, feel a bit lonely, from time to time, throw away, over the past century, in service, on one’s own, have the same feeling
STRUCTURE
1. —Where’s my food? —It was in the bowl an hour ago.
2. —Have you seen my food?—Yes. I have just eaten it.
3. I don’t want to play with you any more.
4. We lived together till 1965 when I got married.
5. The factory used to dump its waste into the river.
6. Eddie has live with Millie for four years. /since four years ago. /since he was born. /since 2002.
Period 4 Vocabulary
(Opposites)
Teaching goals
● To develop an understanding of the opposites.
● To use appropriate adjectives to express positive and negative meanings.
Teaching procedures
Step 1 Having a brainstorming
The teacher says the first sentence; one of the students says the second sentence as soon as possible.
My ruler isn’t long. →It’s _____. (short)
My bag is heavy. →It’s not _____. (light)
I’m happy today. →I’m _____today. (sad/unhappy)
The train travels fast. →The bike goes _____. (slow)
This solution is correct. →This solution is _____. (incorrect/ wrong)
Step 2 Having a revision
Ask the students to make sentences with the opposites. Then write them on the blackboard. Ask the students to read them aloud.
Step 3 Presenting
Complete the sentences with proper words.
1. 商店有两件毛衣，红的便宜，蓝的贵。
There are two sweaters in the shop. The red one is _____, and the blue one is _____.
2. Jim是阳光中学的学生。他认为语文简单，英语难。
Jim is the student in the Sunshine School. He thinks Chinese is _____, English is _____.
3. 过多的甜食对人们的身体不健康，我们应该多吃健康的食品。
Too much sweet food is _____ for people, we should eat more _____food.
4. 城里的孩子很幸运。在贫困地区的一些孩子很不幸，他们没钱上学。
The children in the cities are _____. Some children in the poor areas are _____ because they don’t have money to go to school.
5. 乘火车旅行很愉悦，乘坐长途汽车很不开心。
It’s _____ to travel by train. It’s _____ to travel by coach.
(Keys: cheap, expensive; easy, difficult; unhealthy, healthy; lucky, unlucky; pleasant, unpleasant)
Step 4 Practicing
Millie wrote about the interview on the computer, but Andy changed the file and made nine mistakes when Millie was not around. Please read Millie’s profile and underline the wrong words.
(Show the students the passage on page 12)
Step 5 Playing a game
Opposite Snap
Prepare eight sets of cards. Divide the class into eight groups. Give each group a set of cards. Each set consists of 10 pairs of opposites. Ask students to shuffle the cards and redistribute them evenly.
In each group, students take turns to read out one of their cards. If a student has the card with the opposite meaning, he/ she says “Snap!”, taking both cards and placing them face up on the table. If the student who reads out the word has the opposite card in his/her hand, he/ she says the words aloud and places both cards face up on the table and the next student reads out a word.
At the end of the game, when all the cards are on the table, the student in each group with the most sets wins.
Step 6 Doing homework
a. Read and learn these words and sentences by heart:
write an article on… for…, have an interview with…, live here for a short time, ask…about…, look unhealthy, be lonely from time to time, miss one’s friends, feel happy about…, enjoy the changes, tell sb. one’s future plan, move next to…
b. Translation
1. 对老年人大叫是不礼貌的。
2. 在两小时内完成这项工作是不可能的。
3. 那两个双胞胎看起来一样，但他们穿着不同的毛衣。
4. 学生们都不喜欢他，因为他很不诚实。
5. 今天外面是冷还是热？
(Keys: 1. It’s not polite to shout at the old. 2. It’s impossible to finish this task within two hours. 3. These two twins look the same, but they wear different sweaters. 4. None of the students like him, because he is dishonest. 5. Is it cold or hot today? )
Period 5 Grammar I
(Present perfect tense)
Teaching goals
● To learn the spelling of the past participles of verbs
● To recognize contexts for the use of the present perfect tense
● To use the present perfect tense to talk about events that starts in the past and are connected to the present
● To understand adverbs of time and use them with the present perfect tense
Teaching procedures
Step 1 Learning about the present perfect tense
Here is a brief review of the form and function of the present perfect tense.
The present perfect is used when the time period has not finished:
I have seen three movies this week.
(This week has not finished yet.)
The present perfect is often used when the time is not mentioned:
Gerry has failed his exam again.
The present perfect is often used when the time is recent:
Ikuko has just arrived in Victoria.
The present perfect is often used with for and since.
Greg has lived here for 20 years.
Greg has lived here since 1978.
The present perfect is formed like this: have plus past participle
Step 2 Having a revision
What did you do last night?
What did your mother do two weeks ago?
What did you father do last year?
Work in pairs to talk about the thing they did in the past.
Step 3 Doing practice
Eddie was born four years ago

past present
We use the simple past tense to talk about what happened at a definite time in the past.
Eddie has lived with Millie since he was born.
Eddie has lives with Millie for four years.

past present
We use the present perfect tense to talk about things that started in the past and are continued to the present.
We have known that Hobo was very angry, because Eddie has eaten his food. (Eddie ate the food in the past and now Hobo does not have anything to eat. )
We also use the present perfect tense to talk about things that happened in the past and have connection with the present.
Step 4 Arriving at a conclusion
We make positive statements and negative statements using the present perfect tense like this:
have /has (+not) + Past participle
We usually use these forms when we speak: hasn’t = has not, haven’t = have not
Look up the past participles in the dictionary if necessary. There is also a table of irregular verbs on page 112.
We ask and answer questions using the present perfect tense like this.
Have I /you/we/they arrived? Yes, I/you/we/they have. No, I/you/we/they haven’t/have not.
Has he/she/it arrived? Yes, he/she/it has. No, he/she/it hasn’t/has not.
Step 5 Doing practice
Mr Wu asks the students to complete the sentences using the present perfect tense. Completer the sentences in Part A1 on page 14.
Millie and Sandy are talking about an exhibition of the history of Beijing. Complete the conversation in Part A2 on page 15.
Step 5 Presenting
We can use some typical time expressions with the present perfect tense.
Show the table on page 16 to the students.
Explain the use of the following time expressions:
already, yet, ever, never, just, recently, for…, since…
already, just, ever and never usually come after have or has while yet comes at the end of a sentence.
Step 6 Doing practice
Daniel and Simon are talking about different forms of transport. Complete the conversation on page 17 using the present perfect tense of the verbs in brackets and the correct time expressions.
Step 7 Doing h
omework
a. Review the use of the present perfect tense
b. Fill in the blanks with the right tense of the verbs.
1. Eddie ___________ (be) born four years ago.
2. Eddie __________ (live) with Millie since he was born.
3. Mr Smith __________ (not come) back yet.
4. _____ they _____ (see) any exhibition recently?
5. ---- _____ you _____ (finish) your work? ---- No, I haven’t.
(Keys: was, has lived, has not come, Have/ seen, Have/ finished)
Period 6 Grammar II
(Time expressions with the present perfect tense)
Teaching goals
● To consolidate the present perfect tense
● To learn to use time expressions with the present perfect tense
Teaching procedures
Step 1 Having a revision
Have a dictation
Write down the past participle of the following verbs.
1. repair 2. marry 3. see 4. change 5. turn 6. pollute 7. feel 8. throw 9. write 10. make
Step 2 Talking about the present perfect tense
We use the simple past tense to talk about what happened at a definite time in the past.
We use the present perfect tense to talk about things that started in the past and continue to the present.
We also use the present perfect tense to talk about things that happened in the past but with connection with the present.
What’s the form of the present perfect tense?
Have /has (+not) + Past participle
What typical time expressions can we use with the present perfect tense?
already, yet, ever, never, just, recently, for…, since…
Step 3 Finishing exercises
Choose the correct adverbs of time to complete the sentences.
1. Have you done your homework _____? (for, just, already)
2. I have _____been to Chengdu. (ever, never, yet)
3. He has _____washed the dishes. (already, ever, for)
4. He has worked there _____he left school. (already, just, since)
5. She has known Sam _____nine years. (for, never, since)
6. They have _____arrived. (ever, just, yet)
Step 4 Doing practices
Make a dialogue like this:
A: Have you ever finished your homework?
B: Yes, I have. /No, I haven’t.
A: When did you do it? /When will you do it?
B: I did it last night. /I’ll do it tomorrow.
Step 5 Playing a game
1. Play the game in order to familiarize students with sentences using the present perfect tense.
Write down the following sentences on the blackboard.
1. has traveled to Beijing
2. has seen the Space Exhibition
3. has kept a rabbit as a pet
4. has been to beaches
5. has slept in the tent
6. has spoken to the foreigners
7. has written a poem
8. has worked in a hospital
The students ask each other: “Have you ever …?”
At last, the student makes the sentences like this: Jim has traveled to Beijing.
…
2. The aim of the game is to help students to tell the differences between the simple past tense and the present perfect tense.
Work in pairs. A asks Jim: “When did you travel to Beijing?” “Last summer holiday.”
At last, the students make sentences like this: Jim says he traveled to Beijing last summer holiday.
Step 6 Doing additional exercises
Millie and Sandy are talking about their history project. Complete their conversation using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Millie: Hi, Sandy. (1)_____ you _____ (start) your history project yet?
Sandy: Yes. I (2) _____ (look) on the Internet to get some ideas, but I (3) _____ (not write) the report yet.
Millie: What (4) _____you _____ (decide) to write about?
Sandy: I want to write about Tianjin. (5) _____you _____ (be) there?
Millie: Yes, I (6) _____ (go) there with my family last year. I think Tianjin (7) _____ (not change) much.
Sandy: I think there (8) _____ (be) some changes. I (9) _____already _____ (learn) a lot about the history of the city.
(Keys: 1. Have…started 2. have looked 3. haven’t written 4. have…decided 5. Have…been 6. went 7. hasn’t changed 8. have been 9. have…learned/learnt)
Step 7 Doing homework
a. Review the uses of the present perfect tense.
b. Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
1. Do you know when he has lived here? _____
2. I have written to my pen friend for a week ago. _____
3. I haven’t eaten something since 9 a.m. _____
4. They haven’t heard from Jim’s letter for a long time. _____
5. The shop has opened for about ten years. _____
(Keys: 1. Do you know when he began to live here? 2. I have written to my pen friend for a week. 3. I haven’t eaten anything since 9 a.m. 4. They haven’t heard from Jim for a long time. 5. The shop has been open for about ten years. )