巴比伦之囚.doc

In 538 BC, the founder of the Persian Empire of Cyrus win without fighting easily captured the eternal city of Babylon. He released statement, the release of the Jews return to homeland, and let them rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem. The total of more than 42,000 Jews returned to Jerusalem. Cyrus also the new King of the Kingdom of Babylon II Neeb A Nigerian withdrawal from Jerusalem to plunder the temple to the Lord on the temple in Babylon, 5400 gold and silver vessels brought back to the chief of the Jews. 
How the Jews captive to Babylon for? 
公元前538年，波斯帝国的创立者居鲁士不战而胜，轻而易举地攻占了千古名城巴比伦。他发布文告，释放犹太人回归故国，并让他们在耶路撒冷重建圣殿。这次共有42000多犹太人返回耶路撒冷。居鲁士还把新巴比伦王国国王尼布甲尼撤二世从耶路撒冷耶和华圣殿里掠夺来放在巴比伦神庙中的金银器皿5400件交给犹太人的首领带回。犹太人是怎样被掳到巴比伦的呢？

Between Syria and Egypt, there is a narrow hilly area. It is east of the Jordan River and Dead Sea, west of the Mediterranean. This place was originally the name of the person called Canaan. Later, a Sea Peoples(the Mediterranean coast tribes) Philip Augustine who captured this place, and settled down here. Ancient Greeks said Philip Augustine's place of residence as "Palestine", meaning "Philip Augustine's country." So this place was renamed Palestine. 
在叙利亚与埃及之间，有一条狭长的丘陵地带。它东边是约旦河与死海，西边中地中海。这人地方最初的名称叫迦南。后来，有一支海上民族（地中海沿岸各部族）腓力斯丁人攻占了这块地方，并在这里定居下来。古代希腊人称腓力斯丁人的居住地为“巴勒斯坦”，意即“腓力斯丁人的国家”。于是这块地方被改称为巴勒斯坦。

Sam lived in the original language of Palestine said the Canaanites and other tribes. Later, speaking of a nomadic tribe that Sam Hebrews, later called the Jews gradually moved to Palestine from the east, in the long-term conflict with the Canaanites, and gradually mixed. Israeli tribes live in the northern, and Jewish tribes live in the south. 
巴勒斯坦原先住着说塞姆语的迦南人和其他部族。后来有一支说塞姆语的游牧部族希伯莱人，即后来所称的犹太人，从东边逐渐迁入巴勒斯坦，在与迦南人长期冲突后，逐渐混合杂居。其中以色列部落居住在北方，犹太部落居住在南方。

In 12th century BC, the 200 years of the 11th century, Philip Augustine Greek people have been attacked, crossing to migrate to Canaan to live. Philip Augustine and Hebrew people battled for a long period of time. In 11th century BC, the Jewish tribes were united, and the Jewish King, David, established the Israel Jewish kingdom. Later, Philip Augustine off people and from the Canaanites seized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, the kingdom of Judah. Since then, the holy city of Jerusalem belongs to Israeli Jews.
公元前12世纪、11世纪这200年中，腓力斯丁人受到希腊人的攻击，渡海迁移到迦南来居住。希伯莱人同腓力斯丁人进行了长期的激烈的战争。公元前11世纪，犹太王大卫统一犹太各部落，建立以色列·犹太王国。后来，赶走腓力斯丁人，又从迦南人手中夺取耶路撒冷，定为以色列·犹太王国的首都。从此，耶路撒冷成了以色列犹太人的圣城。

David died; his son Solomon ascended the throne. At this time, the strength of Israel Jewish kingdom further was developed. David era from Mount Zion in Jerusalem, the construction of luxury palaces and temple of the Lord, this time has been completed. .Jews looked up to Zion as a holy mountain, and called on the Jewish Diaspora around the world, "focused around the hill in Zion." This is the "Zionists" (meaning "Zionist"), the source of the word. However, the internal contradictions of this period are the development of the Kingdom.
大卫死后，他的儿子所罗门即位。这时，以色列·犹太王国的实力进一步得到发展。从大卫时代开始在耶路撒冷锡安山上建造的豪华宫殿和耶和华神庙，这时已经完成。犹太教徒把锡安山视为圣山，号召流散在世界各地的犹太人“集中在锡安山周围”。这就是“锡安主义”（意为“犹太复国主义”）一词的来源。不过，这一时期王国内部的矛盾也在发展。

In 10th century BC, soon after the death of Solomon, the Jewish kingdom of Israel split. Northern kingdom of Israel, its capital Samaria; southern kingdom of Judah, still with Jerusalem as its capital.722 BC, King Sargon II of Assyria captured Samaria, capital of the Kingdom of Israel, more than 27,000 prisoners go, and to migrate to other regions of the residents of Israel. Existed for about 200 years the Kingdom of Israel, begins with the history disappeared.
公元前10世纪，所罗门死后不久，以色列·犹太王国分裂。北部为以色列王国，建都撒马利亚；南部为犹太王国，仍旧以耶路撒冷为首都。公元前722年，亚述帝国国王萨尔贡二世攻陷了以色列王国首都撒马利亚，俘虏走27000多人，并把其他地区的居民迁移到以色列。存在了200年左右的以色列王国，便从历史上消失了。

Assyrian Empire attacked the face of the Jewish king of the Kingdom is panic. Then his humble gift, the cost of 24 tons of gold, to keep the king's throne, became a vassal of the Assyrian Empire. After that, the Hebrews left the kingdom to the one Jewish, then, the Hebrews also known as Jews. Kingdom of Judah continued to exist following the beginning of Roman rule. During this period also troubled, ancient Egypt, the new Babylonian, Persian Empire, Alexander the Empire, West Rome had conquered it. In particular, the new Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II, 597,586 BC, the two captured Jerusalem, destroyed the Jewish kingdom. He ordered all the Jews in the nobility, priests, merchants, artisans, all as a prisoner, was escorted to the city of Babylon in droves, leaving only some very poor people to stay in Jerusalem, vineyards, cultivated fields. This is the Jewish history of the "Babylon exile."
面对亚述帝国的进攻，犹太王国的国王十分惊慌。于是，卑词厚礼，以24吨黄金的代价，保住了国王的宝座，成为亚述帝国的附庸。这之后，希伯莱人的王国就只剩下了1个犹太，于是，希伯莱人也就被称为犹太人。犹太王国继继续续地存在到罗马人统治之初。其间也是多灾多难，古埃及、新巴比伦王国、波斯帝国、亚历山大帝国、西罗马都曾征服过它。尤其是新巴比伦王国国王尼布甲尼撒二世于公元前597、586年，两次攻占耶路撒冷，灭亡了犹太王国。他下令把犹太人中所有的贵族、祭司、商贾、工匠一律作为俘虏，被成群结队地押解到巴比伦城，只剩下一些极贫苦的人留在耶路撒冷，修理葡萄园，耕种田地。这就是犹太历史上的“巴比伦之囚”。

Jews after the Babylonian captivity to Jerusalem in ruins, the surrounding walls were destroyed, the temple and the palace were set on fire, the city brought all the vessels of all Babylon Yellow Gold. After dozens of Cyrus the demise of the Chaldeans, and only then they returned to Jerusalem and rebuild their homes.
犹太人被掳到巴比伦之后，耶路撒冷成为一片废墟，四周的城墙被摧毁，圣殿和王宫被放火焚烧，城中所有金银铜器皿全都带到了巴比伦。几十所之后，居鲁士灭亡了新巴比伦王国，才把他们放回耶路撒冷重建家园。

Since Jews appeared in the historical stage, they suffered a lot. It is said that they had settled in Egypt for centuries suffering terribly. Then they escaped Egypt in the leading of Moses. They also wandered in the desert region of the Sinai Peninsula for many years. Later, with the Canaanites, Philip Augustine have long fought and suffered for decades the country seen their homes destroyed death, the pain of slaughter of prisoners. Honed by the hard life, Jews are dreaming of having a "savior" to rescue them from the extreme pain to help the Jews of recovery. They believe in the Lord as the only true God, master of the universe and everything. This is Judaism. Jews believe that the wicked will be the Lord (God) to punish, the Savior will come. They put the myths, legends, poetry, history, Moses, "Ten Commandments" and those "prophets" (some with links to the lower middle class society of civil monks) of the quotations written down, codified as "the Bible." "The Bible" is a classic Jewish worship. Later, the rise of Christianity, accepted this "Bible" called the "Old Testament" (the "Old Testament").While the new preaching Christianity known as the "New Testament" (the "New Testament"). 
犹太人自从出现在历史舞如上，历经苦难。据说，他们曾定居埃及数百年，吃尽了苦头，在一位名叫摩西的领袖的率领下逃出埃及。又在西奈半岛的沙漠地区漂泊了许多年。后来又同迦南人、腓力斯丁人长期作战，并遭受了几十年国破家亡、任人宰割的囚徒之苦。受到艰苦生活磨练的犹太人，幻想能有一位“救世主”，把他们从水火中拯救出来，帮助犹太人复国。他们信奉耶和华为唯一真神，主宰宇宙间的一切事物。这就是犹太教。犹太人相信恶人一定会受到耶和华（上帝）的惩治，救世主一定会降临。他们把有关的神话、传说、诗歌、历史、摩西的《十诫》，以及那些“先知”（一些与社会中下层有联系的民间僧侣）的语录记载下来，编纂为《圣经》。《圣经》是犹太教徒崇拜的经典。后来，基督教兴起后，接受了这部《圣经》，称之为《旧约圣经》（即《旧约》）。同时将基督教的新说教称为《新约圣经》（即《新约》）。

Jewish religion has an important influence, scattered around the world believe that Israeli Jews regard Judaism as a basis for national identity. Jerusalem is holy to Judaism, but also the Christian holy places, and later became Islam's holy sites. These 3 religions believe in their religion according to its own legend, regarded as their holy city of Jerusalem.
犹太人在宗教方面有重要的影响，散在世界各地的以色列犹太人都把坚信犹太教作为民族认同的根据。耶路撒冷是犹太教的圣地，也是基督教的圣地，后来又成了伊斯兰教的圣地。这3种宗教的信徒各自按照自己所信仰的宗教传说，都把耶路撒冷看做是他们的圣城。