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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,英语句子概论,1/28,1.,句子成份,主语,:,表示句子说是什么人或什么事,由名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子充当,位于句首。,谓语,:,说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样,由动词或动词词组充当,位于主语后。,宾语,:,表示动作行为对象,通常位于及物动词和介词后面。,宾语补足语,:,补,充宾语成份,通常位于宾语后,。,由形容词，名词，介词短语等充当。,表语,:,说明主语性,质或特征,位于系动词之后。,以上成份称为,基本句子成份,。完整句子普通最少包含,2-4,个基本成份,。,2/28,定语：,修饰名词或代词,词、短语或从句称为定语,定语可由以下等成份表示：,Guilin is a,beautiful,city,.,China is a,developing,country;,America is a,developed,country.,There are thirty,women,teachers is our school,.,His,rapid progress in English made us surprised,.,Our monitor is always the first,to enter the classroom,.,The,teaching,plan for next term has been worked out,.,He is reading an article,about how to learn English,.,Tom is a boy,who likes music very much.,（形容词）,（分词）,（名词）,（代词）,（不定式）,（动名词）,（介词短语）,（从句）,3/28,状语,：修饰,动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,，,说明动作或状态特征句子成份，叫做状语。,通常有副词，介词短语和从句充当,状语种类以下：,How about meeting again,at six,?,（时间状语）,Last night she didnt go to the dance party,because of,the rain,.,（原因状语）,I shall go there,if it doesnt rain,.,（条件状语）,Mr Smith lives,on the third floor,.,（地点状语）,4/28,She put the eggs into the basket,with great care,.,方式状语,She came in,with a dictionary in her hand,.,伴随状语,In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.,目标状语,He was so tired,that he fell asleep immediately,.,结果状语,She works very hard,though she is old,.,让步状语,I am taller,than he is,.,比较状语,5/28,同位语,:,对其前面名词代词做深入解释,.,That is Mr.Chen,our English teacher.,插入语,:,对一句话作一些附加解释,.,To be honest,I dont quite agree with you.,定语，状语，同位语及插入语能够称为,从属句子成份,。,6/28,2.,句子分类,分类,说明,例句,简,单,句,由一个主语或并列主,语和一个谓语或并列,谓语组成句子。即,一套主谓关系。,1.Tom and I found her there.,2.We all breathe,eat and work.,并,列,句,由并列连词,（and,so,but,or等）,把两个或两个以上,简单句连在一起而构,成句子。,1.He likes eggs,but he doesnt like chickens.,2.Work hard or you will fall behind.,复,合,句,由一个主句和一个或,一个以上从句组成,句子,1.I believe you are right.,2.If you study harder,you will pass the exam.,7/28,1,）她喜欢集邮,.,2,）食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口,.,3,）我们抵达电影院时候,电影已经开演了,.,She is fond of collecting stamps.,The food was good,but he had little appetite.,The film had begun when we got to the cinema.,翻译以下句子：,8/28,判断以下句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：,1.,We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.,2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.,3.There is a chair in this room.,4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.,简单句,复合句,简单句,简单句,9/28,5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.,6.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.,7.Neither has he changed his mind,nor will he do so.,8.What he said at the meeting is very important.,9.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.,10.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.,并列句,复合句,并列句,复合句,简单句,简单句,10/28,3.,简单句基本句型,英语五种基本句型列式以下：,基本句型一,:,+,（主谓）,基本句型二,:,+,+,（主系表）,基本句型三,:,+,+,（主谓宾）,基本句型四,:,+,+O1+,2,（主谓间宾,直宾）,基本句型五,:,+,+,+,(,主谓宾宾补,),11/28,基本句型 一,+,（主谓）,1.Time,2.The sun,3.The man,4.Everybody,flies.,rises.,cooked.,laughed,此句型中动词是不及物动词,能表示完整意思。,主语可有修饰语,-,定语，谓语可有修饰语,-,状语，,如，,The,red,sun rises,in the east.,12/28,基本句型 二,+,+,（主系表）,1.He,2.The dinner,3.The weather,is,smells,became,tall and strong.,good.,warmer.,此句型中谓语动词都不能表示一个完整意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态表语组成复合谓语，才能表示完整意思。,系,动词有三类：,1.,表示特征和存在状态：,be,seem,appear,feel,look,smell,sound,taste,2.,表状态延续：,remain,stay,keep,continue,stand,3.,表状态改变：,become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow,13/28,基本句型 三,+,+,（主谓宾）,（及物动词）,(,宾语,),1.Who,2.She,3.I,4.I,5.I,knows,laugh at,want,dont know,enjoy,the answer?,her.,to have a cup of tea.,what to do.,living here.,此句型中谓语动词是及物动词，必须跟一个宾语，才能使意思完整，而宾语成份多样化使这一结构异常复杂。,14/28,基本句型 四,+,+IO+,（主谓间宾直宾）,（及物）,（多指人）,（多指物）,1.I,2.He,showed,bought,him,me,my pictures.,a beautiful skirt.,此句型中谓语动词必须有两个宾语才能表示完整意思。这两个宾语一个是动作直接承受者（多指物），另一个是动作间接宾语（多指人）。,若要先说出直接宾语，后说间接宾语，则要借助与介词,to,或,for,。,He bought me a beautiful skirt.,He bought a beautiful skirt,for,me.,15/28,用,to,侧重指动作方向，表示,朝着，向着，对着某人。,用,for,侧重指动作受益者，表示,为了某人，替某人。,常跟双宾语动词有：,（需借助,to,）,bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,等,（需借助,for,）,buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,等。,16/28,基本句型 五,+,+,+,（主谓宾宾补）,（及物）,（宾语）,（宾补）,1.We,2.They,3.We,4.I,keep,call,asked,saw,the table,supper,him,them,clean.,dinner.,to come back soon.,getting on the bus.,此句型中谓语动词除了跟一个宾语外，还需跟一个补充成份来不足宾语，才能使意思完整。,17/28,注意：用,it,做形式宾语，而将真正宾语放到,宾语补足语后面，是英语惯用句型。,即,主语,+,谓语,+it+,宾补,+,真正宾语,。如，,I found it very pleasant to be with your family.,惯用于此句型动词有,:,think,believe,consider,suppose,find,feel,make,18/28,使用,it,当形式宾语翻译下面句子,1.,他感到极难跟你交谈。,2.,我认为有可能用另一个方法解题。,3.,学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。,4.,我认为与那个人谈话是无益。,1.He felt it very difficult to talk with you.,2.I consider it possible to work out the problem in,another way.,3.The school made it a rule that the students should,stand up when class begins.,4.I thought it no use talking with that man,19/28,You are sitting on the train home.,There comes the bus!,The egos potential for expansion is limitless.,Breckenridge hosts the international Snow Sculpture Championships.,Our neighbors gave us a baby bird yesterday.,We think it our duty to study well.,主,+,谓（,S+V,）,主,+,谓（,S+V,）,主,+,系,+,表（,S+V+P,）,主,+,动,+,宾（,SVO,）,主,+,动,+,间宾,+,直宾（,SVOiOd,）,主,+,动,+,宾,+,补（,SVOC,）,判断以下句子属于何种句式,Exercises:,20/28,更正以下句子错误,Exercises:,1.He came the room.,2.The music sounds.,3.I have seen.,4.He gave a pen me.,5.The boss made the boy to work hard.,6.My father bought a book to me.,1.He came into the room.,2.The music sounds wonderful.,3.I have seen the film.,4.He gave a pen to me.,5.The boss made the boy work hard.,6.My father bought a book for me.,21/28,Exercises:,翻译以下句子并分析句子结构：,1.,我经常在早晨读英语。,2.,玛丽是个聪明学生。,3.,我老师交给我一封信。,4.,我母亲经常叫我努力学习。,5.,我们叫我们老师王先生,6.,他正在房里做家庭作业。,1.I often read English in the morning.,2.Mary is a clever student.,3.My teacher gave me a letter.,4.My mother often asks me to study hard.,5.We call our teacher Mr.Wang.,6.He is doing his homework in the room.,主,+,谓,+,宾,主,+,系,+,表,主,+,谓,+,双宾,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,主,+,谓,+,宾,22/28,英语句子基本结构能够归纳成,五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。,掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构基础。,23/28,A Lebanese who had left the country for Syria during the conflict between Israel and Hizbollah,returns with her family following the ceasefire,at the Lebanon-Syria border in Magdel Anjar August 14,.,S +V,(,),找出下面句子主干：,24/28,First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century,the theorem,（定理）,had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds,including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem,and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.,（,NMET.C,篇）,这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批出色数学大师为难，包含一位法国女科学家，她在处理这个难题方面取得了重大进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。,句子主干属于：主语,+,谓语,+,宾语，,夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语及两个定语从句。,25/28,Even though there may be a tendency in some rare families to live extraordinarily long,the genetic influence that emerged from the studies of twins was significantly less than much of the public and many scientists think it is.,Josephine Tesauro,left,active and healthy at 92,is part of a study trying to determine why some people age better than others,even when they are closely related.,S+V+P,26/28,world powers,begin discussing punitive(,惩戒性,)measures next,week against Iran if,the,International Atomic Energy Agency,reports Teheran has ignored the UN,demand to stop enriching uranium by,August 31.,Washington says,S+V+O,if,as expected,27/28,world powers,begin discussing punitive(,惩戒性,)measures next,week against Iran if,the,International Atomic Energy Agency,reports,Teheran has ignored the UN,demand to stop enriching uranium by,August 31.,S+V+O,28/28,
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