语法课教学.doc

语语法课教学案例---Unit 1直接引语变间接引语
一.教材分析： 
  按照教学大纲，结合语法体系，我这节课将要讲到的是直接引语变间接引语的用法。因为之前学生已经学习了直接引语变间接引语的用法。所以这个知识点对于学生来说并不是很难的。让学生在一个轻松快乐的环境中很好的掌握好此时态是我的目标，所以我针对教学内容（对直接引语和间接引语的转换及其时态，人称和数的变化；指示代词，表示时间、地点的词以及表示方向的动词的变化；一般疑问句和陈述句句型的变化）设计了一系列的活动，让整个教学内容很好的贯穿于一个个活动中，让学生能够更好的理解该语法的运用和掌握。
二.教学目标：
    本课为语法课型，主要介绍过去进行时的相关用法。通过课堂的一系列活动，让学生们积极踊跃的参与，口头和书面的练习该掌握的语法知识是本课目的。培养学生的独立思考能力、快速反应能力和团队合作意识也是一个重要方面。
三.教学策略：
环环相扣，设计紧凑。先让学生看课本上的阅读文章，找出句意，通过观察句子，让学生说出那些是直接说的话，那些是间接说的话。让学生得知直接引语变间接引语的基本形式。随后讲解直接引语变间接引语的的意义所在。紧接着设计一系列的课堂活动让学生掌握直接引语变间接引语的用法。
四.教学过程：
Step1.       导入
1) 让学生快速阅读文章，找出句子意思及那些是直接引用别人说的话，那些是间接引用别人的话，得出这两种引语的意思。并改相应的句子，如：
定义：直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，并在原话前后加引号。
　　　　例：He said:" It is too late."
间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，多数以宾语从句的形式构成。
　　　   例：He said it was too late.
2）让学生再看文章，和同学自由讨论该语法的用法，进行归纳整理。
Step2. 讲解直接引语变直接引语的用法：
1）             如何变人称;
下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：
She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：
He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：
Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。
2）时态变化：直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。
注意：
1.直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态不变，仍用一般现在时。
例如：Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth."
Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.
2.主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，间接引语时态不变。
例如：He says:" I bought you a book yesterday."
He says that he bought me a book yesterday.
3.如直接引语是过去完成时，变间接引语时，时态不变．
例如：He said to his father，“I had finished my homework before supper．”
He said to his father that he had finished his homework before supper．
3)       指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。

直接引语
间接引语
指示代词
This/these
That/those
表示时间的词
now
today，tonight
tomorrow
this week
yesterday
last week
the day before yesterday
the day after tomorrow
three days ago
next week
then
that day，that night
the next(following)day
that week
the day before
the week before
two days before
in two days’time
three days before
the next(following)week
表示地点的词
here
there
动词
come
go
4）句式上的变化
1.陈述句变间接引语时，用that连接。
例如：She said:" I am a girl."
She said that she was a girl. (that可以省略)
2.一般疑问句，选择疑问句和反意疑问句变间接引语时，要用陈述语气，并要加连词if或whether。
例如：She asked me:" Are you Mr. Li?"
She asked me if I was Mr. Li.
She asked us:" Do you want to go on a picnic?"
She asked us if we wanted to go on a picnic.
Step 3.练习
 1. 口头及书面练习
 1）把全班分成四个小组进行练习，要求学生根据黑板上所给的句子进行转换，如：
把下面的直接引语改为间接引语:
①“I’ve bought a new car,” he said to me.
②He said, "I am going to be a teacher when I grow up."
③“Is it still raining? ” the woman asked.
④“I joined the League in 2000,” Xiao Li said.
⑤ “She is a good girl,” Miss Hong often says.
答案如下：
①．He told me that he had bought a new car.
②．He said (that) he was going to be a teacher when he grew up.
③．The woman asked whether (if ) it was still raining.
④．Xiao Li said that he joined the League in 2000.
⑤．Miss Hong often says (that) she is a good girl.
She asked the boy where he was going
Step4.总结和家庭作业:
    让学生掌握该语法的用法并能灵活的运用，做课后练习及《创新课堂》中的练习