英语强调句的特殊疑问句形式.doc

英语强调句的特殊疑问句形式
作者: admin来源: 网络文章 时间: 2019-04-24
强调句型的陈述句形式和一般疑问句形式一般还好理解，但若以特殊疑问句形式出现，则很容易误解。比较：
Mary bought a new car. (非强调句)
It was Mary that bought a new car. (强调句型的陈述句形式)
Was it Mary that bought a new car? (强调句型的一般疑问句形式)
Who was it that bought a new car? (强调句型的特殊疑问句形式)
特殊疑问句形式的强调句可视为对陈述句强调中的被强调成分提问得来，如对It was in 1985 that he was born 这一句中的in 1985提问，即得到When was it that he was born?
强调结构的陈述式与疑问式
作者: admin来源: 网络文章 时间: 2019-04-24
1. 强调结构的陈述式
强调结构的陈述式为“It is (was) + 被强调部分 + that (who)…”。该结构可用于强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语动词。该句式中用that或who的区别是：当被强调的指人时，用that或who均可；当被强调的不是指人时，则只能用that（注意不用which）。如：
It was in the office that he was killed. 他是办公室被杀害的。(强调in the office)
It is the children who broke the window. 是孩子们打破窗户的。(强调the children)
It was to you and not anyone else that I lent the money. 我只借钱给你，不借给其他人。(强调to you and not anyone)
It is only when you have your own children that you realize the troubles of parenthood. 当你有了自己的孩子，才能真切地了解到双亲的辛苦。(强调only when you have your own children)
2. 一般疑问句的强调结构
一般疑问句的强调结构就是将be提到句首，即使用“Is / Was it+ 被强调部分 + that / who…”。如：
Is it Tommy who answered the telephone? 是汤米接的电话吗?
Is it from advertising that a newspaper earns a lot of its profits? 报纸获利最多的部分是在于广告收入吗？
3. 特殊疑问句的强调结构
特殊疑问句的强调结构句型为“疑问词(Who / What / When / Where / Why / How)+is / was it that…”这样的形式。如：
When was it that he got married? 他是什么时候结婚的?
How long ago is it that you last saw her? 你上一次看见她是多久以前的事?
Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 谁赢得了1982年的世界杯?
Why is it that I always land up cleaning the bath? 为什么总是该我来洗刷浴缸?
In which play of Shakespeare's is it that Viola appears? 维欧拉是在莎士比亚那个剧里出现的吗?
英语强调句的几种强调方式
作者: admin来源: 网络文章 时间: 2016-07-04
我们在说话或写文章时，为了要突出句子中的某一部分，我们通常会使用某种方法或手段使它突出，以便能引起他人的注意，这就是强调，与此相关的句子就是强调句。英语表示强调的方法很多，比如在口语中可以用重读来强调，在书面语中则可通过使用表示强调意义的词语来强调，也可以通过将被强调成分置于句首这样的“显要”位置来强调，还可以使用专门的强调句式来强调。

一、用助动词do来强调
当句子中没有其他的助动词时，我们可以在动词前使用助动词do表示对该动词的强调。如：
Do be careful with that vase! 务必小心那个花瓶!
I do hope you'll stay for lunch. 我真的希望你留下吃午饭。
用于表示强调的do可以有时态的变化，但其后的动词要用原形。如：
He does look tired. 他确实显得很疲倦。
He did come but soon went back. 他的确来过，但很快就回去了。
She did write to say thank you. 她的确写信向你道谢了。
注意，这样用的do只用于现在时或过去式(即只有do, does, did这样的形式)，不能用于进行时、完成时等形式(如不用于is doing, has done等)。

二、用某些形容词来强调
英语中用于强调的形容词比较多，比如那些表示“极端”和“完全”概念的形容词通常就可以用于表示强调，这类形容词主要的有：
mere 仅仅的 very 极端的
outright 完全的 thorough 十足的
plain 完全的 complete 彻底的
pure 完全的 perfect 全然的
Jim looked a perfect fool. 吉姆看起来像一个十足的傻瓜。
At that very moment the phone rang. 正好在那个时候电话铃响了。
We gave the room a thorough cleaning. 我们把房间彻底打扫了一番。

三、用某些副词来强调
英语中有不少副词可以用于表示强调，比如only就是其中的一个。如：
You may put the meeting off only when it is absolutely necessary. 你们可以把会议推迟，但只是在绝对必要时才能这样做。
试比较：
Only I kissed her last night. 昨晚只有我吻了她。
I only kissed her last night. 昨晚只是吻了她。
I kissed only her last night. 昨晚我吻的只有她。
I kissed her only last night [last night only]. 我只是在昨晚才吻了她。

四、用句首位置来强调
在英语中，句首位置是通常用于表示强调的一个地方，当某个本来不应置于句首的成分放在句首，往往会对这个成分构成强调。比较：
普通：He kept this job twenty years. 这个工作他做了20年。
强调：This job he kept twenty years. 他做这个工作做了20年。
普通：The students can understand this. 学生们是理解这一点的。
强调：This the students can understand. 这一点学生们是理解的。
普通：I know that she is a good girl. 我知道她是一个好姑娘。
强调：That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘，我是知道的。
普通：Press the red button to switch on. 请按红色按钮开机。
强调：To switch on, press red button. 要开机，请按红色按钮。

五、用定语从句来强调
有时我们可以使用定语从句来对一个名词进行强调，如用the person who, the thing that, the place where, the day when, the reason why这样的结构，把需要强调的名词与定语从句连在一起。比较：
普通：Mary keeps pigs in the garden shed. 玛丽在花园的棚子里养猪。
强调：Mary is the person who keeps pigs in the garden shed. 玛丽就是在花园的棚子里养猪的那个人。(强调Mary)
强调：The garden shed is the place where Mary keeps pigs. 花园里的棚子就是玛丽养猪的地方。(强调the garden shed)
强调：The place where Mary keeps pigs is the garden shed. 玛丽养猪的地方是花园里的棚子。(强调the place where Mary keeps pigs)

六、用what从句来强调
当what的意思是表示“所……的……”时，它通常具有强调意味，此时的what通常相当于“先行词+关系代词”结构。如：
This is what I have to say. 这就是我所要说的话。
句中的what相当于the thing that。
What he says is not important. 他说的话并不重要。
句中的what也相当于the thing that。
He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的他了。
句中的what相当于the person who。
另外，what从句有时还可以用于强调动词。如：
What we can do is (to) write to him. 我们唯一能做的事是给他写信。
What you do is (to) mix the eggs with flour 你要做的事是把面粉和鸡蛋搅和在一起。

七、用强调结构来强调
英语中表示强调时有一个很重要的句型，那就是“it is (was)+被强调成分+that (who)+其他”结构。比较：
It was in the office that he was killed. 他是办公室被杀害的。
It is the children who broke the window. 是孩子们打破窗户的。
第一句的被强调的成分的是in the office，第二句的被强调成分是the children。其中that和who的区别是：当强调人时，可用that或who，当强调其他成分时，用that。注意，当强调时间和地点时，不能用when和 where 代替that。

在具体使用时，要特别注意这类强调句的疑问句形式。比较：
陈述句：It is because he is ill that he can't come. 是因为生病他才没有来。
一般疑问句：Is it because he is ill that he can't come? 是因为生病他才没有来吗?
特殊疑问句：Why is it that he can't come? 他为什么不能来?
另外，还要注意not...until…这一句型的强调句莆式，它的基本形式是It is (was) not until…that…。如：
直到我遇到你以后，我才真正体会到幸福。
正常：I didn't know real happiness until I met you.
强调：It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness.
直到吃完饭他才现身。
正常：He didn't turn up until the meal was over.
强调：It was not until the meal was over that he turned up.
复杂结构的强调句式
作者: admin来源: 网络文章 时间: 2016-07-04
句子结构比较复杂时，尤其是当被强调成分比较复杂时，有的同学们就不能识别句子所用的强调结构，从而不能正确作出选择。如：
It was lack of money, not of effort, that defeated their plan. 他们的计划受挫，原因是缺少钱而不是没有尽力。
It was more in sorrow than in anger that he criticized his former colleague. 他批评以前的同事，并非出于气愤而是为他惋惜。
It is the protection for the trees that really matters, rather than how many trees are planted. 真正重要的在于对树木的保护，而不在于种了多少树。
As far as he's concerned, it's not doing something wrong that matters, but not being caught doing something wrong, 就他而论，重要的不是做错事，而是做错事不被抓住。
请看两道题：
(1) It is not who is right but what is right _______ is of importance.
A. which B. it C. that D. this
答案为C。此题考查it is…that…这一强调句式，被强调的是not who is right but what is right，全句意为：重要的不是谁是对的，而是什么才是对的。
有时考查not…but…的同义结构…rather than…与强调结构的综合运用。如：
(2) It is what you do rather than what you say _______matters
A. that B. what C. which D. this
答案为A。被强调成分为what you do rather than what you say，全句意为：重要的是看你怎么做，而不是看你怎么说。
强调句与从句的比较
作者: admin来源: 网络文章 时间: 2016-07-04
1. 强调句与主语从句的比较
强调句将句子中的it is / was …that同时省去，句子仍然成立；而主语从句将that与后面部分代替it，成立。如：
(1) It is Li Lei's brother that you met in the street yesterday. 你昨天在街上所见到的就是李蕾的兄弟。
本句若将It is 及 that同时省去为：You met Li Lei's brother in the street yesterday. 句子同样成立，因此前面的句子是强调句型。
(2) It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou V. 我们成功地发射了神舟五号这件事情真令人兴奋。
本句若将It is 及 that同时省去为：We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhou V. 显然句子错误，因此，前面句子不是强调句型，而是主语从句。

2. 强调句与定语从句的比较
◎强调句中的It没有实际意义，It be与that可同时被省略；而定语从句中的It是主语，It be与that不可同时省略；
◎强调句型中be的时态须跟后面句子的时态相一致；而定语从句中主句谓语动词be的时态须由主句的时间确定；
◎强调句将句子中的that不能省略，并且即使前面的名词是事物时，也不能将that换成which；而定语从句中的that作宾语时可被省略，并且当先行词是事物时可用which代替。
◎当it be后面的时间、地点名词作主语、宾语或表语时，引导词可用that / which；而作其他成分时，引导词须用when / which。如：
(1) It is an English book (that / which) I bought yesterday. 它是我昨天买的书。(本句是对What is that?问句的回答，that所引导的是定语从句，that可被省略)
It was the English book that I bought yesterday. 昨天我所卖的就是这本书。(本句相当于对I bought the English book yesterday中an English book进行强调)
(2) It was a room where we used to have meetings. 它是我们过去常在开会的房子。(where 所引导的从句对前面的room进行说明，它是定语从句 )
It was in the room that we used to have meetings. 过去我们开会就在这间房子里。(in the room是被强调的部分，本句是强调句型)
(3) It is a day when the people celebrate their victory. 这是人们庆祝他们的胜利的日子。 (when所引导的从句对a day进行说明，是定语从句)
It was on that day that people celebrated their victory. 就在那一天，人们庆祝了他们的胜利。(强调on October 1, 1949)

3．强调句与状语从句的比较
◎状语从句句首的It本身就是句子的主语；而强调句首的It不作任何成分也没有实际意义。
◎状语从句的连接副词that及句子前面的It be不能去掉。
◎状语从句的引导词可以是when / where，而强调句型中的that不能用其他词代替。如：
(1) It is such an interesting book that we all like it very much. 它是一本如此有趣的书，我们大家都非常喜欢。(结果状语主从复合句)
It is such an interesting book that we all like very much. 我们大家都非常喜欢的就是一本如此有趣的书。(强调such an interesting book)
(比较：It is such an interesting book as we all like very much. 这就是我们大家都非常喜欢的如此有趣的书。定语从句)
(2) It was already morning when he woke up. 当他醒来时，已经是早晨了。(时间主从复合句)
It was the next morning that he woke up. 就在第二天早晨他醒来了。(强调the next morning)
“what”引导的强调句结构
作者: admin来源: 网络文章 时间: 2016-07-04
用“what从句 + be + 被强调成分”或“被强调成分 + be + what从句”表示强调。
John wants a good rest. 约翰想要好好休息一下。
--What John wants is a good rest. 约翰想要的是好好休息一下。
或： A good rest is what John wants. 好好休息一下正是约翰想要的事。（比较少见）
I'd like you to work on Exercise Two on Page 38. 我要你们做38页上的练习二。
-- What I'd like you to work on is Exercise Two on Page 38. 我要你们做的作业是38页上的练习二。
I need two books. 我要两本书。
-- What I need are two books. 我要的是两本书。（注意谓语动词的数）

注意：
在这种强调句型中，除了what外，人们很少使用其他连词。
避免说：Where you should play football is the play ground, not the classroom.
最好说：The place where you should play football is the playground, not the classroom. 你们踢足球的地方是操场，而不是教室。
避免说：When I read English aloud is early morning.
最好说：The time I read English aloud is early morning. 我是在清晨朗读英语。
避免说：Why she was absent from class was that she was feeling unwell.
not...until用于强调句型的用法
作者: admin来源: 网络文章 时间: 2016-07-04
有这样一道考题，其中涉及了 not…until… 句型：
It was not __________ he took off his dark glasses __________ I realized he was a famous singer.
A. when，that B. until，that C. until，when D. when，then
此题选 B。考查 not...until 的强调结构，其基本句型为：
It is (was) not until (时间状语) that (不用否定)
他妻子走了之后他才来。
正：He didn't come until his wife left.
正：It was not until his wife left that he came.
直到雨停他们才出发。
正：They didn't start until the rain stopped.
正：It was not until the rain stopped that they started.
请做以下各题：
1. It was not until midnight ________ the noise of the street stopped.
A. that B. this C. since D. at which
2. It was not _______1920 _______ regular radio broadcast began.
A. for，that B. until，that C. for，when D. until，when
3. It was not _______ you had explained how ________ I managed to do it.
A. for，that B. until，that C. for，when D. until，when

答案：1. A 2. B 3. B