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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,高考语法复习,动词时态与语态,1/52,Humourous Moments,The Father and His Son,Father:,You know,Tom,when Lincoln,_(be),your age,he,_(be),a very good pupil.In fact,he,_(be),the best pupil in his class.,Tom:,Yes,Father.I,_(know),that.But when he,_(be),your age,he,_(be),Presidentof the United States.,was,was,was,was,was,know,2/52,Who Is the Laziest?,Father:,Well,Tom,I,asked,your teacher today,and now I,want,to ask you a question.Who,is,the laziest person in your class?,Tom:,I,dont know,Father.,Father:,Oh,yes,you,do,!Think!When the other boys and girls,are reading and writing,who,sits,in class and only,watches,how the other people work?,Tom:,Our teacher,father.,3/52,动词时态和语态是历年高考英语测试重中之重，每年试题普通不低于两道。,命题思绪有三种：,一,是直接给出标志性时间状语，考生能依据其作出选择；,二,是给出时间状语，但所给时间状语有较强干扰性，考生不能直接依据时间状语作出选择，而需要结合语境进行判断；,三,是没有任何时间状语，需要借助于上下文语境，才能作出正确判断。,在历年相关被动语态考题中，共包括了七种基本时态被动语态，其中以,现在完成时、普通现在时、普经过去时和现在进行时,考得最多。被动语态由“助动词,be,+过去分词”组成，时态经过,be,动词表现出来。,知识梳理,一、命题特点,4/52,高考命题中往往不会包括单一时态，而是更多地侧重于时态交叉使用和时态干扰。,考生答题时要认真研读题干，寻找尽可能多“时间参考信息”，尤其是句中,其它动词时态,，以及,修饰动词状语信息,等等。关于被动语态题，做题时应,首先,依据主语与谓语关系确定是否是被动关系，,然后,再依据相关时间信息确定用哪种时态。,还要注意,是不及物动词是不能用于被动语态当中。,知识梳理,二、应考策略,5/52,最惯用几个时态与时间状语搭配,普通现在,every,sometimes,at,on Sunday,现在进行,now,现在完成,for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in the past years,always,recently,普经过去,yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982,just now,过去进行,this morning,the whole morning,all day,yesterday,from nine to ten last evening when,while,过去完成,before,by,until,when,after,once,as soon as,普通未来,next,tomorrow,in,过去未来,多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后动作,6/52,一、对普通现在时考查,1.考查其,基本概念,：普通现在时表示一个,习惯性、经常性,动作。常与表示习惯副词always,every time,now and then,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,usually 等连用。但近几年，对,普通现在时考查,惯用,过去时态或现在完成时态,对考生进行,干扰,。,1)Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea,which _the Pacific,and we met no storm.（年辽宁卷）,was called B.is called,C.had been called D.has been called,7/52,2.考查普通现在时,替换使用方法,：,在以when,till/until,as soon as,by the time,after,before等引导时间状语从句，在以if,unless,once等引导条件状语从句和以no matter,however,even if 等词引导让步状语从句中，假如,主句,中动词用,普通未来时,，,从句,中动词通惯用,普通现在时或现在完成时,代替,普通未来时,。,What would you do if it _ tomorrow?,We have to carry it on,since weve got everything ready.（年全国卷）,A.rain B.rains C.will rain D.is raining,8/52,二、对普通过去时考查,普通过去时表示在过去某时某刻发生动作或存在状态，它常与表过去时间状语连用，如yesterday,last year,last night,the other day,just now,then,two days ago,in 1999,at that time等。不过普通过去时也经惯用在没有说明过去时间状语句子中，这是高考命题方向。,I,bought,a new car,three days ago,.,More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year.（年上海卷）A.sent B.were sent,C.had sent D.had been sent,now,bought,9/52,三、对现在进行时考查,由,上下文语境,表示时间。,1)Whats the terrible noise？The neighbors _ for a party（年北京卷）A.have prepared B.are preparing,C.prepare D.will prepare,2)Because the shop _,all the T-shirts are sold at half price.（年浙江卷34题）,has closed down B.closed down,C.is closing down D.had closed down,3)Are you still busy?,Yes,I _ my work,and it wont take long.,Ajust finish B.am just finishing,Chave just finished D.am just going to finish,10/52,4)Since I won the big prize,my telephone hasnt stopped ringing.People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money.,phone B.will phone,C.were phoning D.are phoning,5)Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.,is changing B.has changed,C.will have changed D.will change,11/52,四、对过去进行时考查,I,was walking,down the street when it,began,to rain.,When it,began,to rain,I,was walking,now,12/52,1.把过去进行时放在when,while,as 等引导时间状语从句中考查。假如主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去，,动作时间长用过去进行时,，表示,谈话背景,；,动作时间短用普通过去时,，表示,新信息,。,You were out when I dropped in at your house.,Oh,I _ for a friend from England at the airport.（年福建卷）A.was waiting B.had waited,C.am waiting D.have waited,13/52,2.把过去进行时放在,某特定语境,中考查。,Has Sam finished his homework today?,I have no idea.He _ it this morning.（年全国卷）A.did B.has done,C.was doing D.had done,3.考查,过去进行时,与,普通过去时,比较。,Shirley _a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.(98）A.has written B.wrote,C.had written D.was writing,14/52,五、对现在完成时考查,1.现在完成时表示,过去动作,对,现在影响,或表示,经验。,2.现在完成时表示,过去动作一直延续至今并可能继续下去,，常与for或since 等短语连用。,I_(graduate)in 1993 and in that year I _(begin)to teach English in a middle school.I _(teach)there for five years.Five years later,I _(move)to Pinghu.I_ (teach)senior English in Danghu High School for nearly 9 years ever since then.,graduated,began,taught,moved,have taught/have been teaching,1993,now,1998,9 years,5 years,15/52,1)He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.(湖北),were deciding B.have decided,C.decided D.will decide,2)Millions of pounds worth of damage _by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.（重庆）,has been caused B.had been caused,C.will be caused D.will have been caused,16/52,3)The window is dirty.,I know.It _ for weeks.（全国卷）,hasnt cleaned B.didnt clean,C.wasnt cleaned D.hasnt been cleaned,注：由终止性动词,leave,arrive,come,go,return,begin,start,put,stop,start,put,stop,die,fall,buy,borrow,see,等,组成完成时不能与for或since引导时间状语连用,。但这些,终止性动词否定式,能够与for或since短语连用,。,Eg.I,havent met,him,for two years,.,17/52,3.考查,现在完成时,与,普通过去式,区分：,普通过去时着重说明动作发生时间、地点、方式等，与现在不发生联络，且句中普通有表示过去时间状语；而现在完成时只说明现在情况，对现在有影响。,Where _the recorder?I cant see it anywhere.（98NMET）,I _ it right here.But now its gone.A.did you put;have put,B.have you put;put,C.had you put;was putting,D.were you putting;put,18/52,The CCTV,has been broadcasting,English programs ever since 1977.,1977,now,六、对现在完成进行时考查,组成:,have/has been+doing,概念:,表示从过去某一时刻发生动作，一直延续到现在，而且还可能继续下去。,19/52,现在完成进行时,与,现在完成时,区分以下：,1.,现在完成时与现在完成进行时,I,have written,an article.,I,have been writing,an article.,2.,有些延续性动词，如live,teach,work,study,learn,stay等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差异不大。,I have lived here for ten years.,=I have been living here for ten years.,Notes：,表,短暂动作动词,（finish,marry,get up,come,go等）,普通不能用现在完成进行时,。,强调：已完成性,强调：连续性，,未完成性,20/52,1)Now that she is out of a job,Lucy_going back to school,but she hasnt decided yet.（年北京卷）,had considered B.has been considering,C.considered D.is going to consider,2)-Hi,Tracy,you look tired.,“-I am tired.I _ the living room all day.,A.painted B.had painted,C.have been painting D.have painted,21/52,七、对过去完成时态考查,过去完成时，经常,以“过去”为背景,，要想表示比这一背景更早动作，即“,过去过去,”，惯用此时态。,Eg.When we,got,to the theatre,they,had sold,all the tickets.What a pity!,had sold,got,Now,过去过去,22/52,George and Lucy got married last week.Did you go to their wedding?,No,I _.Did they have a big wedding?（年湖北卷）,A.was not invited,B.have not been invited,C.hadnt been invited,D.didnt invite,23/52,常见考点有：,把过去完成时放在含有when,before,after,until,as soon as等引导时间状语从句复合句中考查。,1)When the old man _ to walk back to his house,the sun _ itself behind the mountain.（年湖北卷）A.started;had already hidden,B.had started;had already hidden,C.had started;was hiding,D.was starting;hid,24/52,把过去完成时放在,by+过去时间点,或,by the time+从句（普通过去时）,句子里考查。,By the end of last year,another new gymnasium _ in Beijing.（年上海春）,A.would be completed,B.was being completed,C.has been completed,D.had been completed,25/52,1.-Do you work here?,-No,I dont really work here.I _ until the new secretary,comes,.,just help out,B.have just helped out,C.am just helping out,D.will just help out,举一反三破定势,造成思维定式干扰原因：,comes,从现主将,误选,just,完成时标志,误选B,题眼,：,I dont really work here,暂时性工作,正确选项,C,Just 多义：刚正只不过引发祈使句,26/52,2.I_in London,for many years,，but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back to China.,(重庆卷).,lived B.was living,C.have lived D.had lived,造成思维定势干扰原因：,for many years,完成时标志,误选C/D,解题关键：,For many years 与现在无联络,普通过去时,A,一句辨析：,27/52,1、现在时态,高考题点击：,1.-Can I help you,sir?,-Yes,I bought this radio here yesterday,but it _.(96 N),A.didnt work B.wont work,C.cant workD.doesnt work,2.I _ ping-pong quite well,but I havent had time to play,since the new year.(N),A.will playB.have playedC.playedD.play,D,D,说明,：,本题干扰源为 bought yesterday，即使是昨天买，但强调是现在不响了，所以要用现在时。选项B为次选项。,说明,：,常识告诉我们，一个人一旦取得某种技能，普通是不会在短期内失去，所以需用普通现在时。,28/52,3.E-mail,as well as telephone,_ an important part in daily communication.(99 上海),A.is playing B.have played C.are playingD.play,4.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.(N),A.is changingB.has changed,C.will have changedD.will change,说明,：,E-mail,正在,日常通讯中起着主要作用，故需用现在进行时；而 E-mail 是主语，动词应该用单数。,说明,：,选择移动电话难原因是因为科技,正在,飞速发展，所以要用现在进行时；况且进行时态常给人一个情感上描述，表示说话者一个“感叹、赞赏、愤恨、斥责”等。,A,A,29/52,5.-Im sorry to keep you waiting.(94 N),-Oh,not at all.I _ here only a few minutes.,A.have been B.had been C.wasD.will be,6.-You havent been to Beijing,have you?,-_.How I wish to go there!(98 N),A.Yes,I haveB.Yes,I havent,C.No,I haveD.No,I havent,说明,：,现在完成时用来表示,过去发生动作对现在产生结果和影响。,我是几分钟前到，可现在仍在这儿。普通过去时仅表示过去曾到过这儿，不表示现在还在这儿，所以与本句意思无关。,说明,：,从补充句子“How I wish to go there!”可知“我”没到过北京。,A,D,30/52,7.-Hi,Tracy,you look tired.,-I am tired.I _ the living room all day.(98 N),A.paintedB.had painted,C.have been paintingD.have painted,8.I wonder why Jenny _ us recently.We should have heard from her by now.(N),A.hasnt writtenB.doesnt write,C.wont writeD.hadnt write,说明,：,这句话意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室”，现在完成进行时表示,从过去开始一个动作一直连续到现在，而且还在进行当中,。强调是“一直在做”。,说明,：,recently 普通都与现在完成时连用；从后句“我们本该收到她信了”可知，她最近没来过信。,C,A,31/52,用于现在完成时句型,1）It is the first/second time.that结构中从句部分，用现在完成时。It is the first time that I,have visited,the city.It was the third time that the boy,had been,late.,注意比较 Its time that 结构：,It is high time that we,went,to school.,2）This is the that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.This is the best film that,Ive(ever)seen,.这是我看过最好电影。This is the first time(that),Ive heard,him sing.,这是我第一次听他唱歌。,32/52,经典例题,(1)-Do you know our town at all?-No,this is the first time I _ here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am coming,(2)-Have you _ been to our town before?-No,its the first time I _ here.A.even,come B.even,have come,C.ever,come D.ever,have come,注意,：非延续性动词否定形式能够与表示延续时间状语连用。即动作不发生状态是能够连续。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month.,B,D,33/52,2、过去时,高考题点击：,1.-Nancy is not coming tonight.,-But she _!(98 N),A.promisesB.promisedC.will promise D.had promised,2.My uncle _ until he was forty-five.(上海),A.marriedB.didnt marry,C.was not marryingD.would marry,说明,：,Nancy 答应要来这个动作应该发生在过去，是过去作出承诺。,说明,：,until 用在必定句中时，主句动词必须是延续性动词，表示该动作一直连续到 until 后时间为止；短暂性动词只能用在否定句中，表示直到此时该动作才开始。本题中 marry 是短暂性动词，所以只能用在否定句中。,B,B,34/52,3.-You havent said a word about my new coat,Brenda.Do,you like it?(N),-Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner.I certainly,think its pretty on you.,A.wasnt sayingB.dont sayC.wont sayD.didnt say,说明,：,本题干扰源来自上下文中时态，上文用是现在完成时，下文用是普通现在时，所以有些人就误认为此处该用现在时态了。但依听说话人意思不难发觉，没有说出自己评价是在这段对话以前事了，所以要用普通过去时。,D,35/52,4.As she _ the newspaper,Granny _ asleep.(95 N),A.read was fallingB.was reading fell,C.was reading was fallingD.read fell,5.-Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?,-I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.(97 N),A.hadB.wouldC.was going toD.did,说明,：,普通来说在复合句中两个动作，延续性动作大都用进行时，短暂性动词用普通时，表示在某个动作进行过程当中另一个动作发生了。,说明,：,was going to do sth.表示过去打算做某事；would do 表示过去愿意做某事。从后句可看出家里来了不速之客，所以没有来，故不可能选D。,B,C,36/52,6.-Hey,look where you are going!,-Oh,Im terribly sorry._.(99 N),A.Im not noticingB.I wasnt noticing,C.I havent noticedD.I dont notice,7.-Excuse me,Sir.Would you do me a favor?,-Of course.What is it?(02 北京),-I _ if you could tell me how to fill out this form.,A.had wonderedB.was wondering,C.would wonderD.did wonder,说明,：,该题干扰源来自 where you are going，不少人误认为是现在时了。其实很显著该动作是讲话前事。,说明,：,本句所表示意思很显著，要问问题是在此之前一直在思索事情，故该用过去进行时。,B,B,37/52,8.The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy,bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it.(02 北京),A.had cried,lostB.cried,had lost,C.has cried,has lostD.cries,has lost,9.Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until,her husband _ home.(96 N),A.has left comesB.left had come,C.had left cameD.had left would come,说明,：,哭得难过发生在过去，而丢玩具熊发生在哭之前。两个发生在过去动作，之前发生用过去完成时，之后发生用普通过去时。,说明,：,丢钥匙发生在前，等人发生在后；until 引导是时间状语从句，不能用未来时，所以只有C项可用。,B,C,38/52,10.He _ to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.,(99 上海),A.has no sooner gotB.no sooner got,C.will no sooner getD.had no sooner got,11.John and I _ friends for eight years.We first got to,know each other at a Christmas party.But we _ each,other a couple of times before that.(北京),A.had been,have seenB.have seen,have seen,C.had been,had seenD.have been,had seen,说明,：,本题关键词是,than,，与 than 搭配结构只有,sb.had no sooner done than 。,说明,：,第一句表示到现在为止认识有八年了，后一句表示在认识之前见过几次面。,D,D,39/52,3、未来时,高考题点击：,1.If a man _ succeed,he must work as hard as he can.,(95 上海),A.willB.is toC.is going toD.should,2.-Youve left the light on.,-Oh,so I have._ and turn it off.(N),A.Ill goB.Ive goneC.I goD.Im going,说明,：,此句意思为“假如一个人想要成功，就必须尽力而为”。If 引导是条件状语从句，不能用未来时。而 be to 结构即使表示未来动作，但它不属于未来时。,说明,：,本句重点是“并行结构”，关键是看后面 turn，所以B、C、D、都不符合。,B,A,40/52,3.Ive won a holiday for two weeks to Florida.I _ my,mum.(北京春季),A.am taking B.have taken C.takeD.will have taken,4.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _,office soon.(93 N),A.leavesB.would leaveC.leftD.had left,说明,：,本句意思为“我赢得了到 Florida 度假两周奖励，我打算带我妈妈去。”所以应该考虑用未来时。而现在进行时常可用来表示未来发生动作，尤其是趋向性动词。,说明,：,that 引导宾语从句中动作“离职”应该发生在“were surprised”之后，故需用过去未来时。,A,B,41/52,4、状语从句中时态问题,高考题点击：,1.-Can I join the club,Dad?,-You can when you _ a bit older.(94 N),A.getB.will getC.are gettingD.will have got,2.In such dry weather,the flowers will have to be watered if,they _.(上海),A.have survivedB.are to survive,C.would surviveD.will survive,说明,：,时间状语从句中没有未来时，需用普通现在时替换普通未来时,。,说明,：,条件状语从句中不用未来时，但 be to 结构不属于未来时态形式。,A,B,42/52,3.He will have learned English for eight years by the time he,_ from the university next year.(上海),A.will graduateB.will have graduated,C.graduatesD.is to graduate,4.It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment.,(上海春季),A.will not be,will knowB.is,will know,C.will not be,knowD.is,know,说明,：,by the time 引导是时间状语从句，故不能使用未来时。D选项虽可考虑，但 be to 结构大多用来表示“义务、决定、职责、约定”等，与句意不合。,说明,：,before 引导是时间状语从句，无未来时，而主句应该用未来时。,C,C,43/52,5、祈使句中动词问题,高考题点击：,1._ it with me and Ill see what I can do.(98 N),A.When leftB.LeavingC.If you leaveD.Leave,2._ some of this juice-perhaps youll like it.,(北京春季),A.TryingB.TryC.To tryD.Have tried,3._ at the door before entering,please.(01 北京春季),A.knockedB.To knockC.KnockingD.Knock,4._ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.,(上海),A.GivingB.GiveC.GivenD.To give,D,B,D,B,44/52,6、几个时态替换问题,A：普通现在时代替未来时,：,除了在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用普通现在时代替未来时外，表示现在已安排好未来事项，行程等活动也用普通现在时来代替未来时。如：The museum opens at ten tomorrow.博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上天天如此。),B：普通现在时代替完成时：,句型“It is since”代替“It has been since”It is(=has been)five years since we last met,C：普通现在时代替进行时：,在全部倒装句中都用普通现在时代替现在进行时。如：,Look,here comes Mr.Li.,45/52,被 动 语 态,46/52,高考题点击：,1.I need one more stamp before my collection _.(94 N),A.has completedB.completes,C.has been completed D.is completed,2.Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.,(98 N),A.payB.payingC.paidD.to pay,说明,：,集邮册只能被完成，且在 before 从句中没有未来时，故只能选D。,说明,：该句意思为“在大城市中清洁女工工资通常是按小时支付。”很显著该用被动语态。,D,C,47/52,3.Books of this kind _ well.(99 上海),A.sellB.sellsC.are soldD.is sold,4.Hundreds of jobs _
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