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刘毅词汇10000学习笔记 lesson 4（5）
1、bellow（vi）make a deep loud noise like a bull；roar，esp with pain 发出（像牛的）吼叫声；咆哮（尤指因痛苦）
The bull bellowed angrily公牛怒吼起来。
（v）say sth loudly or angrily；shout （大声或愤怒的）说出某事；大叫 ～ sth at sb
The music was so loud we had to bellow at each other to be hearted音乐的声音实在太大，我们只有彼此大声喊叫才能把话听清。
★ shout（vi）（不用于被动语态）大声说，喊，呼 ～ at/to sb ～ out
Don’t shout at me 别冲着我喊！
2、cloak（n）sleeveless outer garment hanging loosely from the shoulders，usu worn out of doors 斗篷、披风
（n）隐藏或掩护的东西
The spy’s activities were concealed by the cloak of diplomacy 间谍的活动是在外交的掩护下暗中进行的。
★ mantle（n）loose sleeveless cloak 披风、斗篷
（n）覆盖物
hills with a mantle of snow 覆盖着一层雪的山
3、devout（adj）sincerely religious；pious 虔信宗教的，虔诚的
（adj）sincere；deeply felt 诚挚的，真诚的，衷心的，发自内心的
◎ devoutness（n）
★ pious（adj）having or showing a deep devotion to religion （对宗教）虔诚的
（adj）假虔诚的，虚伪的
He dismissed his critics as pious do－gooders who were afraid to face the facts 他把批评他的人斥之为不敢面对事实的假善人。
4、guise（n）（古）style of dress 装束；态度，相貌；（尤指）伪装
under the guise of friendship 以友谊为伪装
★ appearance（n）coming into view；arrival 出现，到来
（n）that which shows；外表，外貌，外观
Fine clothes added to his strikingly handsome appearance 华丽的服装使他极其英俊的外貌更加出色。
5、latent（adj）（尤做定语）existing but not yet active，developed or visible 潜在的，不活跃的，未发展的，不明显的
a latent abilities 潜在的才能
★ concealed（adj）隐藏的
6、pawn（vt）leave an object with a pawnbroker in exchange for money that can be repaid in order to get the object back 典当、抵押（某物）
He pawned his gold watch to pay the rent 他典当了金表用以交租
★ gage（n）（用以作出估计或判断的）事实、环境、方法、尺度
Is a person’s behavior under stress a reliable gage of his character？人在受到压力时的行为能做衡量其品性的可靠尺度么？
7、quake（vi）（of the earth）shake （指地）震动、颤动
They felt the ground quake as the bomb exploded 炸弹爆炸时，他们觉得地面都震动的。
★ shudder（vi）shiver violently with cold，fear，etc tremble （因寒冷、恐惧等）发抖、战栗
～ with sth
I shuddered to think of the problem ahead of us。我想到摆在面前的问题就不寒而栗。
8、sequel（n）thing that happens after or as a result of an earlier event 继之而来的事物，有前因的事物 ～ to sth
His speech had an unfortunate sequel in the in caused a riot他的演说产生了一种不利的后果，尤之引发一种骚乱。
★ result（vt） 重建、改建、重组，改组
9、salvage（n）（对船、船上货物的）海上营救 ；（对火灾、水灾的）财务抢救
Salvage of thye wreck was made difficult by had weather 船遇难后， 因天气阿率救援工作十分困难。
★ rescue（vt ） ～ sb/sth from sth/sb （从危险、囚禁等方面）搭救或救出某人
10、virtual（adj）（做定语）事实上的，实际上的，实质上的（但未在名义上或正式获承认）
A virtual state of war between the two countries 两国间实际处于战争状态
★ actual（adj）existing in fact；real 实在的，真实的，实际的，确实的
The actual cost was much higher than we had expected 实际成本比我们预料的高的多。
11、wizard（n）男巫（尤指童话中的）；魔术师
★ magician（n）魔术师，变戏法的人
刘毅词汇10000学习笔记 lesson 5（1）
1、admonish（vt） give a mild but firm warning or scolding to sb 温和而严正的警告或责备某人 ～ sb for/against sth
The teacher admonished the boys or being lazy 老师责备男学生懒惰。
（v）advise or urge sb seriously 劝告或告诫某人
She admonished us to seek professional help 她劝我们向专业人士求助。
◎ admonishment或admonition（n）警告
◎ admonitory（adj）劝告的，轻责的
★ advise（v）recommend 劝告、忠告，建议 ～ sb against sth/doing sth ～ sb on sth
The doctor advised me to take a complete rest。医生让我完全休息。
（v）（尤用于商业）通知或告知某人 ～ sb of sth
Please advise us of the dispatch of the goods 货物发出请通知我们。
2、bide（v）等待
（习语）bide one’s time 等待有利时机
★ remain（v）（通常不用于进行时态）be left or still present after other parts have been removed or used or dealt with 剩下、剩余、遗留
After the fire，very little remained of my house 火灾过后，寒舍所剩无几。
（vi）be left to be seen，done，said 留待以后去看，去说，去做
Much remains to be done 要做的事情还很多。
（vi）（尤做庄重语）stay in the same place；stay behind 停留，逗留，留下
I remain in Landon until May。我在伦敦一直待到五月。
（v）continue to be；stay in the same condition 仍然是，保持不变
He remained silent。他保持沉默。
3、condone（vt）treat or regard an offence as if it were not serious or wrong；overlook；forgive 容忍（过失），宽恕，原谅
Not punishing them amounts to condoning their crime 不惩罚他们就等于纵容他们的罪行
★ excuse（vt）forgive or overlook a fault，etc；pardon sb/sth 宽恕或饶恕（过失等）；原谅某人某事物 ～ sb/sth for sth/doing sth
Excuse me for being late。请原谅我来晚了。
4、designate（vt）mark or point out sth clearly 清楚的标出或指出（某事物）
designate the boundaries of sth 标出某事物的分界线
（v）（尤用于被动语态）choose sb for a special purpose 为某目的选择某人某事物 ～ sb/sth as sth
The town has been designated as a developing area 该城已被定为开发区。
（v）给某人某名称、称号、职务、地位等
She was designated as sportswoman of the year 她被命名为本年度的体坛明星。
★ appoint（vt）choose sb for a job or position of responsibility 挑选某人做某工作或任某职位；任命；委派 ～ sb to sth ～ sb as sth
He was appointed to the vacant post 他被委派填补那空缺。
5、fend（v）（短语搭配）fend for oneself 照顾自己；自谋生计；独立生活
It is time you left home and leant to fend for yourself 你应该离家自立了。
（短语搭配）fend sth./sb off 抵御或抵挡某事物、某人
The minister had to fend off some awkward questions from reporters 部长需避开记者提出的某些尴尬的问题。
★ defend（vt）protect sb/sth from harm；guard sb/sth 保护某人某物免受伤害；保卫某人某物 ～ sb/sth from/against sb/sth
When the dog attacked me，I defended myself with a stick 那狗扑向我时，我用棍子自卫。
（vt）为支持某人某事而行动、说话或写文章
The newspaper defended her against the accusation 报纸为她辩护，驳斥对她的指责。
6、hardy（adj）able to endure cold or difficult conditions；tough robust 耐寒的，能吃苦的；强壮的，坚强的；指植物可在冬天过冬的，耐寒的
A few hardy people swam in the icy water 有几个不怕冷的人在冰冷的水里游泳。
★ robust（adj）vigorous；healthy and strong 有活力的，强健的
a robust young man 身强力壮的青年小伙子
（adj）（贬）not delicate or refined 粗野的、粗鲁的
7、limber（adj）（旧）柔软的，灵活的
（短语搭配）limber up （运动等前）做准备活动，活动肢体
I always do a few easy exercises to limber up before a match 我在比赛前总要做些简单的准备活动
★ supple（adj －r －st）bent or bending easily；not stiff；flexible 易弯曲的，柔软的，灵活的
She has a supple mind 她头脑灵活。
8、philanthropy（n）concern for the welfare of mankind；benevolence 博爱，慈善，仁慈
◎ philanthropic（adj）博爱的，慈善的，仁慈的
★ charity（n）loving kindness towards other 慈善，慈悲，慈爱，仁爱
（n）tolerance in judging other；kindness；leniency 宽容，宽厚，仁慈；
（n）generosity in giving money，food，help，etc to the needy 施舍，布施，慷慨
9、recollect（v）（不用于被动语态）succeed in calling sth back to the mind；remember 想起，记得，回忆起
As far as I recollect，you came late 我记得你来晚了。
★ recall（vt）order sb to return from a place （从某处）召回某人 ～ sb from…to…
10、smite（v）（pt pp smote smitten ）hit sb/sth hard；strike 重击（某人某事物）；打
He smote the ball into the grandstand 他把球打到看台上去了。
（v）对某人产生重大影响
His conscience smote him 他受到了良心的谴责。
★ affect（vt）have an influence on sb/sth；produce an effect on 影响
The tax increases have affected us all 加税已经影响了我们大家。
（vt）指疾病侵染某人某事物；感染
Cancer had affected his lungs 癌已侵及他的肺脏。
11、testimony（n）written or spoken statement declaring that sth is true；esp one made under oath （书面或口头的）证词（尤指发誓后作出的）
According to the witness’s testimony，you were present when the crime was committed 根据证人证词所示，案发时你在犯罪现场。
（n）对事物的见证或证明
The pyramids are testimony to the Ancient Egyptians engineering skills 金字塔是古埃及人工程技术精湛的丰碑。
★ proof（n）evidence that shows or helps to show，that sth is true or is a fact 证据，证物，证言
What proofs have you that the statement is correct？你有什么证据证明这种说法是正确的么？
刘毅词汇10000学习笔记 lesson 5（2）
1、ale（n）（尤用于复合词及词组中）（酒精浓度高，通常为瓶装的）啤酒，麦酒
We sell a wide range of ales and stouts 我们出售种类繁多的浓啤酒和黑啤酒。
★ lager（n）贮藏啤酒
★ stout（n）（烈性的）黑啤酒
2、blend（vt）mix（different types of sth）in order to get a certain quality 混合，搀和
blended coffee 混合的咖啡
（vi）form a mixture；mix 成为混合物，混合 ～ with sth ～ together
oil and water do not blend 油和水不能混合。
（vi）mix one thing with another；mix things together 将此物与彼物混合；把东西掺杂在一起 ～ A with B ～ A and B together
blend the eggs with the milk 把蛋掺到奶里
（vi）combine with sth in a harmonious way；look or sound good together 调和，协调，融合 ～ with sth ～ together
Those cottages blend perfectly with the landscape。那些农舍与周围的风景完全融为一体了。
（vi）（尤指颜色）逐渐融合在一起 ～ into sth
The sea and the sky seemed to blend into each other 海和天似乎连成一片。
★ combine（v）cause things to join or mix together to form a whole （使物件）结合或混合成一个整体；联合；组合；合并；化合 ～ A with B ～ A and B
Circumstances have combined to ruin our plans for a holiday 各种情况凑在一起破坏了我们的假日计划。
（vt）同时做（不止一件事）；兼有（不止一种）特性 ～ A and B ～ A with B
combine business with pleasure 寓工作于娱乐之中
3、carnivorous（adj）食肉的
◎ carnivore（n）肉食动物
★ vegetarian（n）吃素的人，食草动物
◎ vegetarianism（n）素食，素食主义
4、denizen（n）（文或谑）长久生长于某地的人或动植物
polar bears，denizens of the frozen north 北极熊，北极冰天雪地的老住户。
★ inhabitant（n）（某地的）居民，住户；栖息的动物
The oldest inhabitants of the island 岛上最早的栖息者
5、frenzy（n）state of extreme excitement；extreme and wild activity or behavior 极度激动的状态；极度狂乱的活动或行为
The speaker worked the crowd up into a state of frenzy。讲演者煽动起群众疯狂的情绪。
★ ferment（n）发酵剂，酵母
（n）（尤指政治或社会方面的）动荡不安
The country was in a state of ferment。这个国家处于动荡不安中。
6、incapacitate（vt）make sb unable to do sth；weaken or disable sb 使某人不能做某事；使某人孱弱或伤残 ～ sb fro sth ～ sb from doing sth
Poor health incapacitated him for work 他身体不好，一辈子不能工作。
★ disable（vt）make sb unable to do sth；esp by making a limb or limbs useless 使某人丧失能力；使某人残废（尤指肢体）
a soldier disabled by leg wounds 腿部受伤致残的士兵
7、massacre（n）大屠杀
（n）（口）（运动队的）惨败
The game was a 10－0 massacre 比赛结果是10－0惨败。
★ slaughter（n）the killing of animals，esp for food 屠宰（尤指供食用）
8、ponder（v）think about sth carefully and for a long time，esp in trying to reach a decision；consider 长时间的仔细考虑某事物（尤指以便作出决定）；深思 ～ on/over sth
I pondered over the incident，asking myself again and again how it could have happened 我反复思考那件事，一再自问究竟是怎么回事。
★ meditate（vi）think deeply，esp about spiritual matters 深思，沉思，冥想（尤指精神方面的问题） ～ on/upon sth
I meditate in order to relax 我沉思冥想以松弛精神。
9、riddle（n）puzzling question，statement or description，esp one intended to test the cleverness of those wishing to solve 谜，（尤指）谜语
★ enigma（n）question，person，thing，circumbstance，etc that is difficult to understand；mystery 难于理解的问题，人，物，情况等；奥秘
◎ enigmatic（adj）难以理解的；神秘的
10、spank（vt）slap esp a child with a flat hand，esp on the buttocks，as a punishment 掴（尤指小孩）（尤指打屁股惩罚）
★ beat（vt）hit sb/sth repeatedly，esp with a stick （接连的）打（某人某物）（尤指棒打）
Who’s beating the drum？谁在敲鼓？
11、totter（vi）walk or move unsteadily；stagger 走得或动的不稳；踉跄；蹒跚
The child tottered across the room。那孩子跌跌撞撞走到房间那一边。
★ stagger（vi）walk or move unsteadily as if about to fall from carrying sth heavy，being weak or drunk，etc 蹒跚，踉跄，摇晃着移动
She staggered and fell 她踉跄了几步，跌倒在地。
刘毅词汇10000学习笔记 lesson 5（3）
1、appease（vt）make sb/sth quiet or calm，usu by making concessions or by satisfying demands 使某人某事物安静或平息（通常为作出让步或满足要求）
appease sb’s anger 平息某人的怒气
◎ appeasement（n）平息的行动或政策（尤指为避免战争对潜在敌人作出的让步）；安抚，姑息
★ placate（vt）make sb less angry；soothe or pacify 安慰，抚慰某人，使某人平静，息怒
◎ placatory（adj）安慰的，抚慰的，和解的
2、catastrophe（n）sudden great desaster or misfortune 突如其来的大灾难或大灾祸
The earthquake was a terrible catastrophe 这次地震是可怕的灾难。
◎ catastrophic（adj）灾难性的
★ calamity（n）serious misfortune or disaster 灾祸，灾难
There are worse calamities than failing your driving test 比起你驾驶考试不合格来，更大的灾难还多着呢。
3、daunt（vt）（通常用于被动语态）discourage sb；frighten 使某人气馁，威吓；
I was rather daunted by the thought of addressing such an audience 我一想到要对这样的听众讲话，就有些胆小。
（习语）nothing daunted 毫无惧色，毫不气馁
★ dismay（n）feeling of shock and discouragement 惊愕，气馁，灰心
We watched in blank dismay as she packed her bags 我们瞧着她打行李，感到无可奈何。
4、gape（vi）（贬）stare with an open mouth，usu in surprise 目瞪口呆的凝视，张嘴注视 ～ at sb/sth
What are you gaping at？你目瞪口呆的看什么呢？
★ gawk（vi）（口）stare impolitely or stupidly；无礼的或呆呆的瞪眼看 ～ at sb/sth
I hate being gawking at。我讨厌任佳直瞪着我。
5、duration（n）time during which sth lasts or continues 持续时间，期间
for the duration of this government 本届政府执政期间
★ period（n）length or portion of time 一段时间，时期
He has had several long periods of time abroad。他在国外长期工作过几次。
◎ periodic（adj）定期的，周期的
6、implore（vt）ask or beg sb earnestly；beseech 恳求或乞求某人；哀求；
They implored her to stay 他们恳求她留下。
◎ imploring（adj）哀求的，恳求的
★ entreat（vt）ask sb for sth earnestly and feelingly；beg （为某事）恳求某人 ～ sth of sb
May I entreat a favor of you？您能帮帮忙么？
◎ entreaty（n）恳求，请求，要求
7、muffle（vt）wrap or cover sb/sth for warmth or protection 包裹或覆盖某人某物（为保暖或保护） ～ sb/sth up in sth
He walked out into the snow，heavily muffled up in a thick scarf and warm overcoat。他雪天出门，裹着厚厚的围巾，穿着暖和的大衣。
★ wrap（vt）cover or enclose sth in soft or flexible material （用软的或可弯曲的材料）包或裹某物 ～ sth up in sth
I have wrapped up the parcels and they’re ready to be posted。我把包裹都包好了，可以寄出去了。
8、prank（n）playful or mischievous trick 玩笑，恶作剧
★ trick（n）thing done in order to deceive or outwit sb 诡计，计谋，花招，骗术
We need a trick to get past the guards 我们需要用计骗过岗哨。
9、saunter（vi）walk in a leisurely way；stroll 漫步，闲逛
saunter down the avenue 沿着林荫道漫步
★ stroll（vi）walk in a slow leisurely way 散步；漫步；闲逛；溜达
He strolls in and out as he pleases 他随意的出来进去闲逛。
10、trickle（v）cause sth to flow in a thin stream 使某物成小股流动
Blood trickled from the wound 血液从伤口流出来。
★ drip（vi）fall in drops 滴下
Rain was dripping down from the trees 雨水从树上滴下。
刘毅词汇10000学习笔记 lesson 5（4）
1、astound（vt）（通常用于被动语态）overcome sb with surprise or shock；amaze 使震惊，使大吃一惊；使惊奇
We were astounded to read your letter 我们看了你的信大吃一惊。
◎ astounding（adj）使人震惊的
★ amaze（vt）（尤用于被动语态）fill sb with great surprise or wonder 使某人惊异或惊奇
We were amazed at the change in his appearance 他的样子变得使我们大为惊奇。
2、clan（n）group of families，esp in Scotland，descended from a common ancestor 宗族，家族；（尤指苏格兰氏的）氏族；大家族，大家庭
★ tribe（n）racial group（esp in a primitive or nomadic culture）united by language，religion，customs etc and living as a community under one or more chiefs 部落
3、distort（vt）pull or twist sth out of its usual shape 使某物变形，扭曲，弄歪某物
a face distorted by pain 因疼痛而扭曲的脸
（vt）make sth look or sound unnatural 使某物失真
The announcement was so distorted that I couldn’t understand what was said 通告播出的声音严重失真，我听不懂说的是什么。
★ falsify（vt）alter falsely 窜改（如文件）；伪造；
falsify records 伪造记录
（vt）present sth falsely 歪曲（某事物）
falsify an issue 歪曲问题
4、entrust（vt）trust sb to take charge of sth/sb 委托某人负责某事物（照看某人） ～ A to B ～ B withHe entrusted his children to me 他托我照看一天孩子。
★ commit（vt）do sth illegal，wrong or foolish 做不合法的、错的或愚蠢的事；犯
commit murder 犯凶杀
5、glutton（n）person who eats too much 贪吃的人，吃的过多的人
You’ve eaten the whole pie，you glutton 你把整块馅饼都吃了，你这贪吃鬼！
★ gormandizer
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