如何找分论点-重要.doc

找分论点的方法：
绝大多数大作文话题都可以通过以下几个方面进行扩展（简称论据扩展十二大法则），现列举如下：经济（economy）、就业（employment）、时间（time）、空间（space）、心理（psychology）、生理（physiology）、环境（environment）、教育（education）、文化（culture）、科技（technology）、情感（emotion）和个人权利（human right）。
　　我将通过列举一些例题来印证这十二大法则的实战性。
　　Some people think tobacco should be made illegal in the same way as other drugs because the products containing it are addictive. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
　　通过审题，此题问是否同意烟草行业被取缔。同意则要列举烟草的一系列缺点，反之不同意，可列举其优点。我们马上来看看十二大法则，当然不是每一项都应用，但是大多数都可以适用。
　　Advantages
　　经济：revenue-rising for the country and businessmen concerning this arena,
　　就业：offer the opportunities of employment in various fronts, including manufacturing, transporting, selling, governing, for residents
　　时间：  killing the time
　　心理：  relieve one’s pressure
　　文化：  forming / shaping cigar culture
　　Disadvantages
　　经济：  money-consuming for smokers
　　生理：  be addictive to it,　harmful to smokers’ health, leading to lung cancer
　　环境：  air pollution　potential hazard of fire
　　空间：  passive smoking / second-hand smoking
　　情感：  be overly-dependent on smoking

　　用了上述办法，扩展出来的论据就能更加全面，有条理。下面我再列举一个题目，来做brainstorming。

　　Many people are optimistic about the 21st century and see it as an opportunity to make positive changes to the world. To what extent do you agree or disagree with their optimism?
　　通过审题，此题无非就是我们21世纪是利大于弊还是弊大于利，所以只要列举21世纪发展的优缺点就可以了。我将通过之前介绍的十二大法则来进行素材的扩展。
　　Advantages:
　　经济：  economy be promoted, efficiency be increased
　　科技：  advanced technology facilitates people’s life
　　时间：  time-saving when conducting various kinds of activities
　　个人权利： human rights be laid more emphasis on
　　心理：  increasing number of recreational activities to help people relieve from pressure
　　Disadvantages:
　　就业：  growing population,　fierce competition
　　心理：  pressure coming from a range of aspects
　　环境：  environmental pollution continuing getting worse

二 所对应的短语

1经济与效率
n 有利于经济
Spur/boost impel economy, generate government revenue, invest more to .., earn foreign currency, create/generate job opportunities and ease/relieve/alleviate the pressure of unemployment, improve living standard, ease the financial burden of students. redistribute the income

n 不利于经济
Hinder/hamper/impede the growth of economy, worsen the situation of unemployment, lay a heavy burden on students’ families, endanger the stability and safety of the society,

n 不赞成国家投资的理由：
We have a very limited budget. We should make full use of the taxpayers’ money to benefit the common people.
China is still a developing country, which is short on funds. A thousand and one things remain to be taken care of.
There are still many people living below the poverty line, and many eligible children can not receive the basic education for lack of money.
Priority should without doubt be given to the development of infrastructure, not the building of art centers.

2时间与空间（土地资源的占用）
n 省时间: time-saving
Save much time, improve efficiency, make more profits(可以转到经济)
Save space, to construct more healthcare-related buildings to benefit the public and entertainment establishments to enrich their spiritual and cultural life.

n 浪费时间 time-consuming

Sth/doing sth directly/indirectly
Waste/lavish time
Occupy the cherished land resources,

3就业与竞争
Becoming increasingly competitive, which is unfavorable to seeking jobs, not to mention decent jobs, worsen the situation of unemployment, lead to many stress-related decreases such as depression, insomnia, to name but a few.

Create/generate more and more job opportunities, foster/develop/cultivate a strong sense of competition and cooperation(转经济与效率)

4 压力与健康
Impose heavy strain on/ lead to more and more emotional and abnormal psychological problems/ lead to many stress-related decreases such as depression, insomnia, to name but a few.
Ease/relieve/alleviate pressure, which is favorable to studying more efficiently/develop their interests in other fields

5智力与教育(心态，视野，精神状态)
正方：
Widen horizons/enrich spiritual life/help cultivate independence/help cultivate the sense of competition and cooperation/increase their creativity and imagination/help find jobs easily/get a chance to experience the totally different cultures/ inspire children’s interest in/ traditional way and thinking have endured the test of time and could help young people to avoid mistake;/ most manual work involves only basic knowledge;/make it possible for the students to accumulate job experience earlier;/Save a great deal of time and fund for both the government and the students/ Getting students’ physically ready for their career is also a part of education purpose;/ deepen their understanding of certain categories/ lay a solid foundation for further study/ A strong body is indispensable in the success of sports/ Students can learn from the same professors as colleges students do./ Students can download and store the lessons, which enables them to choose the convenient time for them to study/ Students can communicate with professors through email when questions occur. / Reduce the cost of school buildings and the trip between home and campus/．deepen students’ memory of important knowledge/ is necessary in learning which requires memorizing things/bring a sense of belonging
‘
反方
1. stifle the development of creativity, imagination and interest/occupy their study time/go astray easily/expose them to the dark sides of society/does harm to their mental health/fail to enjoy colorful life/ exert heavy financial burden on the student’s family/ Different way of life and culture put students’ physical and mental health at risk./ cause brain strain in the student’s homeland/ is time-consuming/ Colleges and universities are not only places for learning but for social activities as well. / Staying before computers too long may exert negative impact on both mental and physical health of the user./ Students can get on-the-site guidance from the faculty members./ Passing on knowledge is only part of the role of education. Teachers cannot be replaced in molding students’ characteristics and teaching the correct attitudes towards society and others/Teachers help students to choose information and learn it in a correct way./Teachers’ help is necessary when questions occur./ make it easier for the students to find their job/stimulate the development of economy with well-trained labor pool/facilitate understanding of theoretical knowledge

6发展与污染
Arguments for tourism:
1. Boost the local economy, increase the government revenue, earn foreign currency and improve the living standard of the locals. Relieve the pressure of unemployment.
2. Enhance mutual understanding, remove hostility and prejudice, promote good will and strengthen ties. Maintain world peace.
3. Showcase the brilliant culture and glorious history. Promote cross-cultural communication. Improve the image of a place. Increase reputation and upgrade the status in the international community.
4. Improve the living environment and better the basic facilities. Increase investment in infrastructure.
5. Improve the quality of the locals. Expose them to the outside world. Widen their vision and develop a broader mind.

lead to the extinction of some species
result in shortage of energy and natural resources
be irreparable and irreversible damage
break the ecological balance
lead to extravagant waste of public funds
be the drying up of our limited natural resources and the deterioration of the environment
contaminate environment
generate electromagnetic radiation and jeopardize human health
bring about the risks such as computer virus, nuclear leakage, biological weapons, global warming, exhaustion of natural resources and extinction of many plant and animal species
be a root of all evil
aggravate the traffic jams and worsen the crowdedness
will pay a high price for this negative development of

7 权力与隐私
Violate/invade/intrude(侵犯（动词）) rights/privacy/pride/dignity seriously
The brazen violation/invasion(侵犯（名词）) of rights, interests, privacy and dignity.

8 责任与义务
Take/shoulder/assume the responsibility
Shirk off the responsibility

5