政治学及行政学专业英语词汇.doc

无政府主义 Anarchism专制政府/绝对专制主义 Absolutegovernment/absolutism权威Authority同意投票Approval voting 邦联条例Articles of Confederation行政Administration政委员Administrative board行政法庭Administrative tribunal行政法院Administrative court法令Act审判Adjudication贵族/贵族制Aristocracy种族隔离Apartheid独裁主义，权威主义Authoritarianism独裁制Autocracy咨询与同意Advice and consent绝对专制主义Absolutism缺席投票Absence voting美国革命American Revolution鼓励性行动Affirmative action效忠、忠诚 Allegiance法案Bill of rights行为主义Behaviouralism法案，议案Bill官僚制/官僚Bureaucracy选票Ballot党派首领Boss资产阶级Bourgeoisie预算，预算编制Budget/Budgeting倒台与政权更迭Breakdown and regime change资本主义Capitalism王权 Crown中央与地方的关系 Central/Local relations公民权利 Civil rights公民自由 Civil liberties立宪主义Constitutionalism立宪政体Constitutional government同意Consent邦联Confederation共产党Communist Parties社区/共同体Community社团主义Corporatism非暴力反抗政变Coup DetatCivil disobedience保守主义Conservatism保守党Conservative parties保护主义Clientelism市民社会Civil society阶层/阶级Class集体主义Collectivism集体行动Collective action集体领导Collective leadership集合理论Coalition theory街区选举，集团投票Block vote普通法Common law委员会Commission制衡Checks and balance审查制度Censorship政党秘密会议Caucus城市政府City government城邦国家City state看守政府Caretaker government选区Constituency美国国会Congress宪法Constitutional law宪法规约Conventionofthe constitution宪法/宪政Constitution/constitutionalism特许状Charter竞争性政党制度Competitive party system部长会议Council of Ministers教权主义Clericalism教会与国家Church and State殖民统治Colonial government累计投票Cumulative vote联合，联合政府Coalition/Coalition government联合民主Consociational democracy最高行政法院Conseil dAetat候选人选择candidate selection强制性投票Compulsory voting无产阶专政 Dictatorship of the proletariat专制 Despotism人权宣言 Declarations of the Rights of Man and the Citizen占统治地位的党Dominant party代表Delegate民主Democracy民主党Democratic Party民主集中制Democraticcentralism自治领Dominion决策Decision making决策理论Decision theory自由裁量权Discretion直接民主Direct democracy直接行动Direct action法律的正当程序Due process of law歧视Discrimination独立宣言Declaration of Independence顺从Deference神授王权Divine right of kings部门Department授权立法Delegated legislation最低下限Droop quota解散议会Dissolution of parliament精英理论Doctrine of elites辩证法Dialectic辩证唯物主义Dialectical materialism寡头政治Digarchy恩格斯Engels帝国Empire护宪Entrenchment欧洲议会European Parliament欧洲共同体European Community选举Elections选举团Electoral college选举纲领Election program选举制度Electoral system竞选运动Election campaign等级Estates雇主组织Employers organization行政机关Executives平等Equality精英，精英主义Elites,Elitism女权主义 Feminism言论，表达与出版自由Freedom of speech,expression,and the press国家财政危机Fiscal crisis of the state宗教自由Freedom of religion派别Faction神权政治Theocracy费边主义Fabianism博爱Fraternity浮动投票人Floating vote职能代表Functional representation封建主义Feudalism自由Freedom联邦制Federalism联邦党人文集Federalist Papers基本权利Fundamental right种族灭绝Genocide州长Governor政府Government政府组成过程Government formation process总罢工General strike总督Governor-General统治能力Governability格劳修斯Grotius团体理论Group theory国家元首Head of state政府首脑Head of government黑格尔Hegal人权 Human rights下议院 House of Commons上议院 House of Lords霍布斯Hobbes整体主义Holism利益Interests利益表达与聚合Interest articulation and aggregation利益集团Interest group机构/制度Institution国际法International Law独立机构Independent agency帝国主义Imperialism政策实施Implementation唯心主义Idealism意识形态Ideology个人主义 Individualism质询Interpellation弹劾Impeachment寡头政治铁律Iron law of oligarchy司法机构Judiciary正义Justice法官Judge可审判性Justiciability杰斐逊，托马斯Jefferson,Thomas陪审团Jury司法审查Judicial review康德Kant立法机关Legislatures立法否决Legislative veto立法委员会Legislative committees立法起草Legislative drafting半总统制地方政府Local government地方政府财政Local government finance地方政治Local politics自由党Liberal parties法Law联盟，联合League游说Lobbying路德，马丁Luther,Martin选择领导Leadership selection领导Leadership合法、合理Legitimacy马列主义MarxismLeninism马克思主义 Marxism马基雅维里主Machiavelli市（镇）长Major司法行政官Magistrate多数派政府Majority government多数统治Majority rule麦迪逊，詹姆斯Madison,James君主制Monarchy重商主义Mercantilism混合政府Mixed government部长，部Minister/Ministry授权学说Mandate theory弊政Maladministration群众性政党Mass membership party穆勒Mill政党核心集团Machine非暴力行为Non-violent action新左派New Left新右派New Right新政New deal一党制国家Oneparty States寡头制Oligarchy监察专员Ombudsman准-非政府组织Quango超载Overload民意测验Opinion polls议会制度Parliamentary system权力Power地方长官Prefect多元主义Pluralism多元社会Plural society多头制Polyarchy财产权Property委任Patronage实证主义Positivism政体Polity政纲platform政府调查Public inquiry政治Politics政治义务Political obligation政治文化Political culture政治心理学Political psychology政治发展Political development政治行动委员会（美国Political action committee政治行为研究Political behaviour政治地理学Political geography政治权力Political power政治局（及常务委员会）Politburo(and Pesidium)政治沟通Political communication政治体系/政治系统Political system政治参与Political participation政治财政Political finance政治科学Political science政治社会化Political socialization政治社会学Political sociology政治态度Political attitudes政治腐败Political corruption政治继承Political succession政治理论Political theory政治暴力Political violence政治影响Political influence政治整合/政治一体化Political integratio政党认同Party identification政党代表大会Party convention政党功能Parties,political:functions of 政党组织Party organization政策分析Policy analysis政策输出研究Policy output studies重农主义Physiocracy首相（总理）/首相（总理）制政府Prime minister/Prime ministerial government总统，总统制President/Presidential system宣传Propaganda特权Prerogative爱国主义Patriotism被保护国Protectorate家长型控制PaternalismPrimary party organization隐私Privacy无产阶级 Proletariat公共行政Public administration新教政党Protestant parties警察Police警察国家Police state潘恩Paine政治学的定量方法Quantitative methods in politics准司法Quasi-judicial选民登记Registration of electors重划选区Redistribution种族主义Racism修正主义Revisionism罢免Recall政治中的种族问题Race in politics理性Rationality理性选择方法Rational choice基层党组织共与国Republic浪漫主义Romanticism腐败选区Rotten borough统治阶级Ruling class激进主义Radicalism激进政党Radical parties代议员Representative代议制政府Representative government代表制Representation责任Responsibility责任政府Responsible government权利Rights法治Rule of law革命与反革命Revolution and counter-revolution秘密警察Secret police政党分赃制Spoils system资历制Seniority分权 Separation of powers第二院，上议院Second chambers常设委员会Standing committee超国家政府Supranational government斯大林Stalin斯宾诺莎Spinoza斯密，亚当Smith,Adam最高法院Supreme court熊彼特Schumpeter影子内阁Shadow cabinet调查委员会Selectcommittee奴隶制Slavery主权SovereigntySemi-presidential systems议长Speaker自决Self-determination自治Self-government农奴制Serfdom苏格拉底Socrates社会主义Socialism社会民主主义Social democracy社会契约论Social contract制定法Statute Law国家State主权、国家、君主Sovereignty宽容Toleration工会 Trade unions恐怖Terror恐怖主义Terrorism监护Tutelage思想库Think tank僭主制/暴政Tyranny投票率Turnout选择投票Ticket-splitting极权主义Totalitarianism一院制 Unicameral联合国United Nations暴力Violence否决权Veto投票Voting辉格党与托利党Whigs and Tories福利国家Welfare state妇女选举权Womens suffrage国家消亡Withering away of the state美国辉格党Whig:U.S.