阅读理解专项学生用.doc

2009年高三英语阅读理解专题指导
2009届高三英语阅读理解专题指导
题型及技巧
年份
文章及字数
题目及词数
体裁
细节推理
推理判断
主旨大意
猜测词义
06
5篇共1477词
20题共698词
记叙文1议论文2应用文1说明文1
12
3
4
1
07
5篇共1467词
20题共785词
说明文2议论文1应用文1记叙文1
15
1
2
2
08
4篇共1434词
15题共759词
说明文1议论文1应用文1记叙文1
11
1
2
1

一、细节理解题：
1、直接事实题：
先阅读题干，确定读材料的时候要查找的细节及事实的范围，然后利用略读的手法找出出处。
2、间接事实题：
需结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断。
Many American presidents in the 19th century were born in poor families. They spent their childhood in little wooden rooms. They got little education. Washington and Lincoln, for example, never went to school and they taught themselves. Lincoln once did jobs of a worker, shop-keeper and post officer in his early years.
A large number of U.S presidents had experiences in the army. The two best known were Ulysses Grant and Dwight D. Eisenhower. Grant was a general in the American Civil War and Eisenhower was a hero in the second World War. It happened that they graduated from the same school──West Point Military Academy(西点军校)……
Q: President Eisenhower became well-known .
A. while studying in West Point Military Academy B.  during the American Civil War
C. after he was elected President of the U.S. D. during World War II.
Invited by Mr. Ye Huixian, host of the well received TV programme “Stars Tonight”, Miss Luo Lin， Miss Asia of 1991, appeared as the guest hostess on the Shan ghai TV screen last Sunday. Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old, Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition， she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years.However, it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station.

“It’s really a hard job for me. I won’t enter for such competition any more. Anyhow， I am quite lucky. I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title. This time， in Shanghai, I'd love to make a deep impression on my TV audience, " said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.
Q： Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai. B. Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.
C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991. D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.
二词义猜测的技巧（Word-guessing）
Ⅰ.From context利用上下文相关信息
Ⅱ.From definition or explanation利用定义/解释
Ⅲ .From examples利用举例
Ⅳ. From contrast利用对比
Ⅴ. From cause and effect利用因果关系
Ⅵ. From similarity /appositive利用同义/同位语
Ⅶ. From common sense利用常识
Ⅷ. From comparison利用比较
Ⅸ. From word information利用构词法
1. From context （利用上下文相关信息）
Towards the evening, there comes the grand finale of the opening day, an extremely exciting horerace.
The underlined word “finale” in the fourth paragraph most probably means the ______ of the opening day.
A. First part B. middle C. last part D. whole
In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society.
73. The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in paragraph 3 means______
A .Those who try their best to win B. Those who value competition most highly
C.Those who are against competition most strongly D.Those who rely on others most for success

2.From definition or explanation (利用定义或解释)
Signal words: means, refers to, to be called, to be known as ,can be defined as, in other words,…..etc
Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back.
69.in paregraph 3, “object permanence” means that when out of sight, an object ______
A Still exists B. keeps its shape C. Still stays solid D. is beyond reach

3 .From contrast (利用对比)
Signal words: unlike ,but, however, while, yet, on the contrary,etc.
Lack of parent willpower may contribute more to juvenile obesity than under-exercising or overeating.
39. What doed the underlined phrase “juvennile obesity”mean?______
A. Adult education B. Childhood overweight
C. parents’ influence D. Growing pains

4 .From cause and effect(利用因果关系)
Signal words: because,so, such…that,so…that,ect
When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective.
65. The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off” (in para.3) means that the colours_______
A.Attracted the customers strongly B.Had weak effects on the customers
C.Tricked the customers into shopping D.Caused the customers to lose interest

5. From common sense(利用常识)
Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves.
68. In the first paragraph, the word “pruning”means______
A.Regular cutting of the plants B.Frequent watering
C.Regular use of chemicals D.Growing the plants high in the mountain

6 .From similarity/appositive利用同义/同位语
Signal words: or, that is ,that is to say,in other words,etc
1.They are vertebrates,that is ,animals have backbones.
2.The period of adolescence,i.e.the period between childhood and adulthood ,may be long or short.

7. From examples (利用举例)
Signal words：example，for example ，for instance，such as ，like，as---as，etc.
1.Although the hazards of the trip were many,for example,the unbearable heat ,the possibility of getting lost ,the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes ,Collins nevertheless decided that she must go.
2.The animal with the longevity is the giant land tortoise which can live several hundreds years.

8. From comparison （利用比较）
Signal words: as, like, the same as…ect.
1. The snow was falling.Big flakes drifted with the wind like feathers.
2. Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends.

9 .From word formation (利用词缀)
Prefixes
Meaning
Examples
 il-, im-,in-,ir-, un-, dis-

 not

 illegal, immodest, incorrect, irregular, unimportant, disappear

 bi-

 two

 bilingual, bimonthly

inter-

between

 international, interdependent
Ü
 micro-

 small

 microcomputer

 mis-

wrong

 misunderstand

 pre-

 before

 preplan, prehistory

 semi-

 half

semicircle

Suffixes
Meaning
Examples
 -er, -or

the one who

 writer, editor

-able, -ble

 capable of, fit for

 comfortable,valuable

 -fy

 to make

 beautify, purify

-ic, -al

 relating to,
having the nature of

 Economic
historical

 -ize

to make

 apologize

-ous, -ious

 full of, of the nature of

nervous, dangerous

 -tion, -ation

 condition

attention, operation

 -sion

 the act of

 decision, conclusion

1.He drew concentric circle.
2.Marry Cassatt gave up her social position and all thought of a husband and a family ,which in those times was unthinkable for a young lady.
3.Finally , renewable energy sources are used even though they are often expensive to develop
三、主旨判断题：
范围一般包括： 短文标题、主题（Title）； 大意或段落大意（Main idea）
技巧：剔除细节或论据，找到各段的主题句 （topic sentence）
· 题干形式：
· 1)What does the writer mainly tell us?
· 2)Which of the following can summarize the main idea of this text?
· 3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?
· 4)Which is the subject discussed in the text?
· 5)The best title for this newspaper article is ___.
Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick and cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. With medical help they may become normal citizens again. They things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value.
They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them.
Q:What is the topic of the text?
A. Young Thieves. B. An Unusual Illness.
C. Reasons for Stealing D. A Normal Child’s Actions.
Topic Sentence:

Boston---- Thieves dressed as police entered a museum early Sunday and stole 11 paintings, including major works by Rembrandt, Dagas, Manet and Vermerr, FBI (美联邦调查局) and the museum officials said.
The first judgment placed value of at least $100 million on the works stolen from the Isabella Gardener Museum, said Boston police spokes-man Jim Tordan
……William Bobinson, of Hardvard Univercity’s Foggel Museum, called the objects stolen “major works.”
Q: What is the best headline for this newspaper article ?
A. A Theft Took Place in Boston B. Artworks stolen by Thieves
C. Major Works D. Investigation into the theft
Topic Sentence:

You dream each night, even though you may not remember your dreams. While you dream your eyes move and your heart beats faster. Even your brain-wave pattern changes. Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health.
They claim that without dream, people would go crazy.
Q: What does the passage mainly tells?
A. How people stay healthy B.How sleep is necessary
C. Why dreams are important D. When people remember their dreams

Topic Sentence: Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health

Reading is the key to school success and, like any skill it takes practice. A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other. A great athlete practices until he can play quickly, accurately(精确), without thinking. Tennis players call that “ being” in the zone.” Educators call it “ automaticity’ (自动).
Q: The first paragraph tells us _______.
A. what automaticity is B. how accuracy is acquired (获得)
C. how a child learns to walk D. how an athlete is trained.
Topic Sentence:

In America we have Halloween. In Mexico they have Todos Santos, which means “ All Saints”. This is the day in which people remember family and friends who have died. They visit the cemetery instead of going out to trick-or-treat. But they do have pictures of skeletons and ghosts hanging around. They also have many candy skulls to eat.
Q: What does the story mainly tells ?
A. What holidays are like B. What Halloween is like in Mexico
C. What happens during Todos Santos D. What we do on Halloween

四、推理判断题：
· 技巧：找出作者所陈述的细节、事实以及能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，进行符合逻辑的推理。
· 注意：不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点
· 解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节。
题干形式：
(1) It can be inferred from the text that ______
(2) From the text we know that ______.
(3) The story implies that ______.
(4) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be ______
(5) The writers attitude toward…is ______.

One day a man walked a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches（蟑螂） and two spiders（蜘蛛）.”
“What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised.
“Well，”replied the man，“I’m moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”
Q： The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the apartment， it was ______.
A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlord
C. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects

Some people are never right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And even if what they say or do is OK， they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes.
Mr Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them， it is always the fault of the buses or air planes. Mr Neff knows almost everything. He doesn’t ask questions；he answers questions. He never says，“I don’t know.”
Q： Which of the following best describes the writer’s attitude（态度） towards Mr Neff?
A. He finds Mr. Neff hard to understand B. He thinks Mr. Neff wonderful
C. He feels pity for Mr. Neff D. He does not like Mr. Neff

阅读理解专题第3页共4页