中国菜肴的翻译(教案).doc

中国菜肴的翻译（教案）

一．中国菜常用主料：

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plain rice 白饭
rice noodles 米粉
bean curd 豆腐
pork 猪肉
beef 牛肉
mutton 羊肉
rabbit meat/ cony meat兔肉
chicken 鸡肉
duck鸭肉
abalone 鲍鱼
salted jelly fish 海蜇皮
sea cucumber 海参
seaweed 海带
shark fin 鱼翅
prawn 明虾
lobster 龙虾
shrimp 小虾
preserved meat 腊肉
crab meat 蟹肉
frog 田鸡
egg 鸡蛋

二．中国菜常用辅料

lard 猪油
salt 盐
sauce酱
vinegar醋
chili 辣椒
garlic 蒜
garlic bulb 蒜头
chive, shallot 葱
ginger 姜
fennel 茴香
gourmet powder 味精
sugar 糖
mustard 芥茉
tomato ketchup/sauce番茄酱
barbeque sauce 沙茶酱
caviar 鱼子酱
seasoning 调味品
peanut oil 花生油
soy sauce 酱油
essence of chicken 鸡精
paprika 红椒
scallops 干贝
curry 咖喱
pepper 胡椒
scallion, leek 青葱, 韭菜
三．中国菜常用蔬菜：

mustard leaf 芥菜
lettuce 生菜
spinach 菠菜
caraway 香菜
hair-like seaweed 发菜
bamboo shoot 竹笋
dried bamboo shoot 笋干
chives 韭黄
cabbage 圆白菜,卷心菜
leek 韭菜
celery 芹菜
lettuce 莴苣
mater convolvulus 空心菜
dried lily flower 金针菜
cauliflower 菜花,花椰菜
tomato 番茄,西红柿
onion 洋葱
asparagus 芦笋
cucumber 黄瓜
eggplant 茄子
potato 马铃薯
carrot 胡萝卜
pumpkin 西葫芦,南瓜
melon 香瓜,甜瓜
loofah 丝瓜
bitter gourd 苦瓜
radish 萝卜
green pepper 青椒
lotus root 莲藕
mushroom 蘑菇
needle mushroom 金针菇
button mushroom 草菇
champignon 香菇
dried mushroom 冬菇
agarics木耳
white fungus 白木耳
taro 芋头
yam 山芋
pea 豌豆
string bean 四季豆
green soy bean 毛豆
bean sprout 豆芽
soybean sprout 黄豆芽
mung bean sprout 绿豆芽

四．中国菜常见小吃及开胃菜：

steamed bread 馒头
meat bun 肉包子
soya-bean milk 豆浆
shao-mai 烧麦
preserved bean curd 腐乳
pickled cucumbers 酱瓜
preserved egg 皮蛋
salted duck egg 咸鸭蛋
omelets 煎蛋卷
poached egg 荷包蛋
scramble eggs 炒蛋
crispy rice 锅巴
gruel, soft rice , porridge 粥
noodles with gravy 打卤面
plain noodle 阳春面
barbecued pork 叉烧
millet congee 小米粥
teamed dumpling 蒸饺
ravioli /wonton馄饨
fried pork flakes 肉松
fermented blank bean 豆豉
dried beef slices 牛肉片
dried pork slices 猪肉片
dried turnip 萝卜干
spring roll 春卷
rice glue ball 元宵
glue pudding 汤圆
fried dumpling 煎贴
bean curd with odor 臭豆腐
rice cake 年糕
dried bean curd 豆腐干
deep-fried flour stick油条

五．中国菜常见刀工：

切/削：cutting
切片：slicing
切丝：shredding
切碎：mincing
切丁：dicing
切柳：filleting
去骨：boning
去皮：skinning/ peeling
刮鳞：scaling
剁末：mashing
刻/雕：carving
酿：stuffing
腌：pickling/ salting
浸/泡：marinating
去壳：shelling
斩/剁块：chopping

六．中国菜常用烹调方法：

炒：stir-frying
煎：pan-frying
爆：quick-frying
炸：deep-frying
干炸：dry deep-frying
软炸：soft deep-frying
酥炸：crisp deep-frying
烧：braising
煮：boiling
蒸：steaming
炖/煨/焖：simmering/ stewing
熏：smoking
烘/烤：baking/ broiling/ grilling/ roasting/ basting
白灼：scalding
卤：spicing
拌：mixing
涮：instant-boiling

七．中国菜肴名称的翻译方法：
（一）以主料开头的翻译方法
1介绍菜肴的主料和辅料：公式：主料(形状)+(with)辅料
例：杏仁鸡丁 chicken cubes with almond 牛肉豆腐 beef with bean curd
西红柿炒蛋 Scrambled egg with  tomato
2介绍菜肴的主料和味汁：公式：主料(形状)+(with, in)味汁
例：芥末鸭掌 duck webs with mustard sauce
葱油鸡 chicken in Scallion oil
米酒鱼卷 fish rolls with rice wine
（二）以烹制方法开头的翻译方法
1介绍菜肴的烹法和主料：公式：烹法+主料(形状)
例：软炸里脊soft-fried pork fillet
烤乳猪roast suckling pig
炒鳝片Stir-fried eel slices
2介绍菜肴的烹法和主料、辅料公式：烹法+主料(形状)+(with)辅料
例：仔姜烧鸡条braised chicken fillet with tender ginger
3介绍菜肴的烹法、主料和味汁：公式：烹法+主料(形状)+(with, in)味汁
例：红烧牛肉 braised beef with brown sauce
鱼香肉丝 fried shredded pork with Sweet and sour sauce
清炖猪蹄 stewed pig hoof in clean soup
注：如果菜中有汤，在翻译时要根据菜中汤料的多少区别对待。通常采用两种模式翻译：
如果汤少，仅是汁状，则：主料 with 汤汁
如：茄汁牛肉 Fried Beef with Tomato Sauce
如果汤多呈稀汤状，则：主料 in 稀汤
如：卤炸乳鸽子 Deep-fried Pigeon in Spiced Sauce
（三）以形状或口感开头的翻译方法
1介绍菜肴的形状(口感)和主料、辅料公式：形状(口感)+主料+(with)辅料
例：芝麻酥鸡 crisp chicken with sesame
陈皮兔丁 diced rabbit with orange peel
时蔬鸡片 sliced chicken with seasonal vegetables
2介绍菜肴的口感、烹法和主料公式：口感+烹法+主料
例：香酥排骨 crisp fried spareribs
水煮嫩鱼 tender stewed fish
香煎鸡块 fragrant fried chicken
3介绍菜肴的形状(口感)、主料和味汁公式：形状(口感)+主料+(with)味汁
例：茄汁鱼片 sliced fish with tomato sauce
椒麻鸡块 cutlets chicken with hot pepper
黄酒脆皮虾仁 crisp shrimps with rice wine sauce
（四）以人名或地名开头的翻译方法
1介绍菜肴的创始人(发源地)和主料公式：人名(地名)+主料
例：麻婆豆腐 Ma Po bean curd
四川水饺 Sichuan boiled dumpling
2介绍菜肴的创始人(发源地)、烹法和主料公式：人名(地名)+烹法+主料
例：东坡煨肘 DongPo stewed pork joint
北京烤鸭 Beijing Roast Duck
在中餐菜名翻译成英文的过程中，可以采用多种不同的方法，而且每一道菜都可以从不同的角度
入手进行翻译。例如，川菜中的“宫保鸡丁”这道菜就有以下几种译法：
1.sauteed chicken cubes with peanuts
2.Gongbao chicken cubes
3.diced chicken with chili and peanuts
（五）如果菜中配有中草药，事实上因为外国人并不太懂得各种草药的实际作用，对于他们而言，中国的草药都是具有神奇效用的，所以不妨将各种草药一律翻译为Chinese Herbs
如：天麻炖鸡：Stewed Chicken with Chinese Herbs

由此可见，中餐菜名的英译方法是灵活多变的。至于我们在翻译中最终采用哪种方法，则可根据各人的习惯和具体情况确定。不过根据一般经验，只要掌握了第一种以主料开头的翻译方法，对其它种类的翻译方法便可以触类旁通，我们只需根据文中所列出的翻译公式去相应作一些交换就行了。

中 餐 英 文 菜 谱

全体乳猪 Roast whole suckling pig
特色五福拼盘 Special five varieties.
葡国碳烧肉Portuguese roast pork
脆皮靓烧鸡Crispy chicken
湛江皇后水晶鸡Zhanjiang Crystal chicken
金牌回香鸡Golden tasty chicken
盐香脆皮鸡Salty crispy chicken
高州葱油先鸡Gaozhou style shallot favour Chicken
蜜汁碳烧叉烧Honey charcoal pork
碳烧靓排骨Charcoal spare ribs
骨香乳鸽Tasty baby pigeon
锦绣烧味拼盘Assorted barbecue meat
新派卤水拼盘New style soy sauce stewed meat
新派卤水掌翼New style soy sauce stewed goose wing and feet
新派卤水大肠头New style soy sauce stewed pig’s intestine
新派卤水肚仔New style soy sauce stewed pig’s stomach
新派卤水脚仔New style soy sauce stewed pig’s hoof
盐焗肾片Baked salty chicken kidney
凉拌海蜇Marinated cold jelly fish
刀拍黄瓜Marinated cold cucumber

小食类Entrée
日式海蜇Japanese style Jelly Fish
日式八爪鱼Japanese style Octopus
凉拌青瓜Marinated cold cucumber
凉拌粉皮Marinated cold bean pasty
蒜香肾片Garlic taste kidney
蒜香猪耳仔Garlic taste pig’s ear
麻辣凤爪Spicy hot chicken feet
琥珀核桃Deep fried walnut in Syrup
特别介绍Special Recommendation
泰汁银雪鱼Codfish in Thai sauce
甜麦豆炒带子北极贝Stir fry sweet bean scallops
脆皮咸猪手Salty taste crispy trotter
XO酱爆花枝片XO Soy Sauce Fry Flower Branch Pieces
芦笋蚌肉鸽片Stir fry boneless pigeon, mussel and asparagus
盐焗猪肚Baked salty pig’s stomach
XO酱爆生肠Stir fry intestines in XO sauce
辣子鸡Stir fry chicken with hot chili
酥炸百花球Crispy fry flower ball
酱爆竹肠Stir fry intestines with bean sauce
黑椒蝴蝶骨Fry sphenoid with black pepper
剁椒鱼咀Stir fry fish head with hot chili
红葱头蒸鸡Braise chicken with shallot
沙锅鱼头煲Braise fish head clay pot
爆野兔Stir fry rabbit
京葱爆驼峰肉Stir fry camel hump with shallot
西芹腰果核桃肉Stir fry celery, cashew and walnut
鲍汁百灵菇鹅肠Stir fry mushroom and goose intestine in abalone sauce
椒盐排骨Spicy spare ribs
剁椒鱼咀Stir Fry fish mouth with chopped pepper
尖椒猪肚Stir fry Pig’s Stomach with hot chili
罗定豆豉鸡Luoding style braise chicken in bean sauce
辣子鸡丁Stir fry chicken dices with hot chili
鲍汁百灵菇Stir fry mushroom with abalone sauce
红葱头猪俐Stir fry pig’s tongue with onion
盐焗肾片Salt Kidney Pieces
蒜香骨Garlic tasty spare ribs
栗干炆鸡Stew chicken with chestnut
川汁鸡球Sichuan style chicken meat ball
酱爆双脆Soy sauce fry double cracking
水煮牛肉Poach beef with hot chili
鲜鱿让鲮鱼胶Squid with fish stuffing
豆腐鱼头煲Boil Fish Head with bean curd
豉汁蒸排骨/鱼Steam spare ribs/fish with black bean sauce
豉油王鹅肠Stir fry goose intestines with soy sauce
姜葱爆牛肉Stir fry beef with ginger and shallot
黑椒炒牛肉Stir fry beef with black pepper
茶树菇蒸牛柳Steam beef and mushroom
酱爆牛柳Stir fry beef in bean sauce
剁椒鱼头Stir fry fish head with chopped hot chili
生炒骨/酸甜排骨Sweet and sour spare ribs
老坛子 Old crock
海味什锦煲Stew seafood combination in clay pot
泰式凤爪Thailand style chicken feet
回锅肉Sichuan style stew pork
梅菜蒸肉片Steam port with preserved vegetable
西汁鸡扒Chicken with western sauce
鲜淮山炆排骨Stew spare ribs with yam
翠玉兰花 Stir fry broccoli
酸茄黄金酿Brew sweet and sour eggplant
双菇扒菜胆略Stir fry mushrooms
牛肉炒蛋Stir fry beef and egg
凉瓜炒牛肉Stir fry beef with bitter melon
竹笙酿玉液Brew bamboo Shoot with wine
金华娃娃菜Stir fry baby cabbage
尖椒牛肉Stir fry beef with hot chili
芦笋炒牛肉Stir fry beef and asparagus
西兰花超鱿鱼Stir fry squid and broccoli
西芹炒腊味Stir fry preserved ham and celery
XO酱爆鱿鱼Stir fry squid in XO sauce
韭菜花炒银鱼Stir fry whitebait with chives
土豆炒肉片Stir fry pork with potato
煲淋大芥菜Leaf mustard in soup
三色蒸蛋Steam eggs
丝瓜炒肉片/猪肝/猪什Stir fry pork/liver/bowels with gourd
潮式大芥菜肉碎Chaozhou style mustard leaf and minced pork
豆豉鲮鱼炒时蔬Stir fry fish and vegetable in black bean sauce
节瓜虾米粉丝煲Stew dried shrimps, vermicelli and melon in clay pot
凉瓜炒肉片Stir fry pork with bitter melon
酸豆角炒肉碎Stir fry minced pork with pickle bean
菜甫煎蛋Fry egg with vegetable
榨菜肉丝韭黄Stir fry pork with pickle vegetable and leek
上汤油菜Boil vegetable in chicken stock
盐水菜芯Boil vegetable in salty water
广州炒饭Guangzhou Fry Rice
白玉藏珍’Treasures hides in white jade
麻婆豆腐Sichuan style bean curd
凉瓜炒蛋Fry Eggs with bitten melon
炒油菜Stir fry vegetable
茄子煲Stew eggplant clay pot
蒜蓉炒丝瓜Stir fry gourd with garlic
虎皮尖椒Tiger Skin fry pepper
辣椒圈炒蛋Stir fry egg in hot chili
酸辣土豆丝Chili and sour potato
干炒牛河Dry fry rice noodles with beef
肉片炒面Stir fry noodles with pork
斋汤面Vegetarian noodle soup
豆豉爆辣椒圈Stir fry hot chili with bean sauce
老火例汤Soup of the day
豆腐鱼头汤Fish head and bean curd soup
番茄豆腐汤Tomato and bean curd soup
紫菜蛋花汤Laver and egg soup
椰子炖鸡Braise chicken in coconut
土茯苓煲龟Tortoise with tuckahoe soup
单尾品种Snacks and Desserts
榴莲酥Durian Crisp Nosh
叉烧酥Barbecued Pork Crisp Nosh
萝卜酥 Turnip Crisp Nosh
蛋挞 Egg custard nosh
咸甜薄撑Salt/Sweet pancake
潮式煎饼Chaozhou style pancake
番茨饼Sweet potato pancake
黄金饼Golden cake
葱油饼Shallot pancake
香煎生肉包Fried minced pork bun
鸳鸯馒头Assorted steamed bun
炸馒头Fried bun
梅菜扣肉 pork with preserved vegetable
咸鱼蒸肉饼steamed minced pork with salt fish
酱炸里脊丁sauté diced pork fillet with brown sauce
鲜笋火腿ham with fresh bamboo shoots
红烧猪蹄 braised pork leg
麻辣猪肚pig tripe with chili sauce
双片锅巴sliced meat and liver with fried rice crust
豆豉排骨pork chops with bean sauce
糖醋排骨pork chops with sweet and sour sauce
宫保肉丁sauté pork cube lets with hot pepper
麻辣白肉 meat with cayenne pepper
红烧蹄筋braised pork tendons
红烧狮子头meat balls braised with brown sauce
糖粉酥肉fried crisp pork slices with sugar powder
烤乳猪roasted suckling pig
脆皮锅酥肉fried crisp pork
腐乳炖肉stewed pork with preserved bean curd
红烧扣肉braised pork slices in soy sauce
葱爆肉quick-fried pork and scallions
咕噜肉sweet and sour pork
荷叶粉蒸肉steamed pork with rice flavor in lotus leaves
回锅肉 double cooked pork slices
陈皮牛肉beef with orange peel
烤羊肉串mutton shashlik
涮羊肉rinse-mutton / mutton slices rinsed in chafing dish
红烧羊肉mutton braised in brown sauce

汤类：
清汤 consommé
羹 chowder
老火汤double-stewed soup
连锅汤pork and radish soup
三鲜汤three fresh delicacies soup
五滋汤five-flavored mutton soup
鱼翅汤shark’s fin soup
干贝汤scallop soup
八珍蛇羹snake potage with eight delicacies
八宝冬瓜盅stewed white gourd soup with eight ingredients
人参炖乌鸡ginseng and black hen soup
紫菜蛋花汤laver egg soup
竹笋鲜蘑汤soup with bamboo shoots and fresh mush
清炖冬菇汤mushroom soup
庐山石耳汤 Mt. Lushan stone fungus soup
火鸭芥菜汤 sliced roast
芦笋鸡茸汤mashed chicken and asparagus soup
豆苗鞭蓉蛋汤consommé of snow egg with bean sprouts
锦江拼盆hors d’oeuvers Jinjiang style
蝴蝶冷盆butterfly-shaped appetizer
什锦冷盘assorted appetizer
太极八卦eight-diagram-shaped appetizer
卤鸡珍肝spiced chicken liver and gizzard
卤牛肉shredded boiled pork meat
卤鸡杂spicy chicken giblets
盐水鸭肫salted duck gizzards
鸭翅膀 duck wing tips
拌鸭掌cold duck web
芥末鸭掌duck flippers with mustard sauce
五香花生仁spiced peanuts
开洋炝刀豆sauté sword beans with dried shrimps
泡辣菜pickled hot vegetables
冷拌粉皮cold vermicelli with mustard and meat shreds
醉蟹wine preserved crabs
咸水虾 boiled shrimps with salt
红油肚片sliced pork tripe in hot chili oil
糟鸡chicken pickled in fermented rice wine sauce
烧鸭（鹅）roast duck / goose
怪味鸡multi-flavor chicken
麻辣牛肉条spiced beef
白切肉mixed meat in aspic
什锦肉冻sauté meat and vegetable
五香凤爪 marinated chicken feet
五香酱鸡spiced marinated chicken
芥末鸡皮 chicken skin with mustard sauce
鸡丝粉皮chicken slices with bean jelly sheets
辣味麻酱鸡翅chicken sings with chili sauce and sesame paste
拌烤鸭丝roast duck shred in sauce
麻酱鸭块duck cutlets with sesame paste
桂花盐水鸭stewed salt-preserved duck
虾片shrimp chip
瓜皮虾cucumber with jellyfish and dried shelled shrimp
生拌鱼raw fish in sauce
冰糖燕窝bird’s nest in crystal sugar
红酒烧竹鸡braised snipe in port wine
铁扒乳鸽grilled young pigeon
糟蛋eggs preserved in wine
酱蛋pickled egg
茶叶蛋egg in tea
蒸腊鹅spiced goose wing tips and webfeet
潮州卤鹅 spiced goose, Chaozhou style
潮州烧雁鹅roast goose, Chaozhou style
红烧全鸭braised whole duck in soy sauce
五香鸭spiced duck
蒸南京板鸭 steamed Nanjing salted duck
北京烤鸭roast Beijing duck
香糟鸡片sliced chicken in wine sauce
炸童子鸡deep fried spring chicken
荷叶粉蒸鸡steamed chicken in lotus leaf packets
炸纸包鸡fried chicken in paper packets
陈皮鸡chicken in orange flavor
咖喱鸡 curry chicken
砂锅鸡braised chicken in casserole
叫化子鸡mud-baked chicken

附杂项（西餐，餐具，糖果等）：

breakfast 早餐
lunch 午餐
brunch 早午餐
supper 晚餐
late snack 宵夜
dinner 正餐
coffee pot 咖啡壶
coffee cup 咖啡杯
paper towel 纸巾
napkin 餐巾
table cloth 桌布
tea -pot 茶壶
tea set 茶具
tea tray 茶盘
caddy 茶罐
dish 碟
plate 盘
saucer 小碟子
rice bowl 饭碗
chopsticks 筷子
soup spoon 汤匙
knife 餐刀
cup 杯子
glass 玻璃杯
mug 马克杯
picnic lunch 便当
toothpick 牙签
fruit plate 水果盘
meat diet 荤菜
vegetables 素菜
meat broth 肉羹
local dish 地方菜
Cantonese cuisine 广东菜
menu 菜单
French cuisine 法国菜
today's special 今日特餐
buffet 自助餐
fast food 快餐
specialty 招牌菜
tea leaves 茶叶
black tea 红茶
jasmine tea 茉莉(香片)
tea bag 茶包
lemon tea 柠檬茶
white gourd tea 冬瓜茶
honey 蜂蜜
soda water 苏打水
artificial color 人工色素
curry rice 咖喱饭
bird's nest 燕窝
French fires 炸薯条
baked potato 烘马铃薯
mashed potatoes 马铃薯泥
pudding 布丁
pastries 甜点
jerky 牛肉干
popcorn 爆米花
sunny side up 煎一面荷包蛋
over 煎两面荷包蛋
over easy 煎半熟蛋
over hard 煎全熟蛋
butter 奶油
beverages 饮料
condensed milk 炼乳; 炼奶
coffee mate 奶精
coffee 咖啡
iced coffee 冰咖啡
white coffee 牛奶咖啡
black coffee 纯咖啡
ice-cream cone 甜筒
sundae 圣代; 新地
ice-cream 雪糕
ice candy 冰棒
straw 吸管
cake 蛋糕
pancake 煎饼
cereal 麦片粥
toast 土司
hamburger 汉堡
ham and egg 火腿肠
buttered toast 奶油土司
French toast 法国土司
cheese cake 酪饼
white bread 白面包
brown bread 黑面包
cheese cake 酪饼
flour-rice noodle 面粉
noodles 面条
wheat gluten 面
macaroni 通心粉
bean thread 冬粉
instinct noodles 速食面
sandwich 三明治
crust 面包皮
syrup of plum 酸梅汤
tomato juice 番茄汁
orange juice 橘子汁
coconut milk 椰子汁
asparagus juice 芦荟汁
vegetable juice 蔬菜汁
ginger ale 姜汁
soft drink 汽水
coco-cola (coke) 可口可乐
ice water 冰水
mineral water 矿泉水
distilled water 蒸馏水
long-life milk 保久奶
beer 啤酒
draft beer 生啤酒
stout beer 黑啤酒
canned beer 罐装啤酒
red wine 红葡萄酒
gin 琴酒
brandy 白兰地
whisky 威士忌
vodka 伏特加
on the rocks 酒加冰块
rum 兰酒
champagne 香槟
marrons glaces 唐炒栗子
appetizer 开胃菜
green salad 蔬菜沙拉
onion soup 洋葱汤
T-bone steak 丁骨牛排
filet steak 菲力牛排
sirloin steak 沙朗牛排
club steak 小牛排
well done 全熟
medium 五分熟
rare 三分熟
cocoa 可可
pineapple 凤梨
watermelon 西瓜
papaya 木瓜
betelnut 槟榔
chestnut 栗子
coconut 椰子
tangerine 橘子
mandarin orange 橘
sugar-cane 甘蔗
muskmelon 香瓜
juice peach 水蜜桃
pear 梨子
peach 桃子
carambola 杨桃
cherry 樱桃
persimmon 柿子
apple 苹果
mango 芒果
fig 无花果
almond 杏仁
plum 李子
honey-dew melon 哈密瓜
loquat 枇杷
olive 橄榄
rambutan 红毛丹
durian 榴梿
strawberry 草莓
grape 葡萄
grapefruit 葡萄柚
lichee 荔枝
longan 龙眼
guava 番石榴
banana 香蕉
water chestnut 荸荠
ficus tikaua 地瓜
maltose 麦芽糖
confection 糖果
glace fruit 蜜饯
marmalade 果酱
dried persimmon 柿饼
candied melon 冬瓜糖
red jujube 红枣
black date 黑枣
glace date 蜜枣
dried longan 桂圆干
raisin 葡萄干
chewing gum 口香糖
nougat 牛乳糖
mint 薄荷糖
drop 水果糖