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1、中国菜肴的翻译（教案） 一．中国菜常用主料： 10 plain rice 白饭 rice noodles 米粉 bean curd 豆腐 pork 猪肉 beef 牛肉 mutton 羊肉 rabbit meat/ cony meat兔肉 chicken 鸡肉 duck鸭肉 abalone 鲍鱼 salted jelly fish 海蜇皮 sea cucumber 海参 seaweed 海带 shark fin 鱼翅 prawn 明虾 lobster 龙虾 shrimp 小虾 preserved meat 腊肉 crab meat 蟹肉
2、frog 田鸡 egg 鸡蛋 二．中国菜常用辅料 lard 猪油 salt 盐 sauce酱 vinegar醋 chili 辣椒 garlic 蒜 garlic bulb 蒜头 chive, shallot 葱 ginger 姜 fennel 茴香 gourmet powder 味精 sugar 糖 mustard 芥茉 tomato ketchup/sauce番茄酱 barbeque sauce 沙茶酱 caviar 鱼子酱 seasoning 调味品 peanut oil 花生油 soy sauce 酱油 essence of chick
3、en 鸡精 paprika 红椒 scallops 干贝 curry 咖喱 pepper 胡椒 scallion, leek 青葱, 韭菜 三．中国菜常用蔬菜： mustard leaf 芥菜 lettuce 生菜 spinach 菠菜 caraway 香菜 hair-like seaweed 发菜 bamboo shoot 竹笋 dried bamboo shoot 笋干 chives 韭黄 cabbage 圆白菜,卷心菜 leek 韭菜 celery 芹菜 lettuce 莴苣 mater convolvulus 空心菜 dried lily f
4、lower 金针菜 cauliflower 菜花,花椰菜 tomato 番茄,西红柿 onion 洋葱 asparagus 芦笋 cucumber 黄瓜 eggplant 茄子 potato 马铃薯 carrot 胡萝卜 pumpkin 西葫芦,南瓜 melon 香瓜,甜瓜 loofah 丝瓜 bitter gourd 苦瓜 radish 萝卜 green pepper 青椒 lotus root 莲藕 mushroom 蘑菇 needle mushroom 金针菇 button mushroom 草菇 champignon 香菇 dried mushr
5、oom 冬菇 agarics木耳 white fungus 白木耳 taro 芋头 yam 山芋 pea 豌豆 string bean 四季豆 green soy bean 毛豆 bean sprout 豆芽 soybean sprout 黄豆芽 mung bean sprout 绿豆芽 四．中国菜常见小吃及开胃菜： steamed bread 馒头 meat bun 肉包子 soya-bean milk 豆浆 shao-mai 烧麦 preserved bean curd 腐乳 pickled cucumbers 酱瓜 preserved egg
6、皮蛋 salted duck egg 咸鸭蛋 omelets 煎蛋卷 poached egg 荷包蛋 scramble eggs 炒蛋 crispy rice 锅巴 gruel, soft rice , porridge 粥 noodles with gravy 打卤面 plain noodle 阳春面 barbecued pork 叉烧 millet congee 小米粥 teamed dumpling 蒸饺 ravioli /wonton馄饨 fried pork flakes 肉松 fermented blank bean 豆豉 dried beef sli
7、ces 牛肉片 dried pork slices 猪肉片 dried turnip 萝卜干 spring roll 春卷 rice glue ball 元宵 glue pudding 汤圆 fried dumpling 煎贴 bean curd with odor 臭豆腐 rice cake 年糕 dried bean curd 豆腐干 deep-fried flour stick油条 五．中国菜常见刀工： 切/削：cutting 切片：slicing 切丝：shredding 切碎：mincing 切丁：dicing 切柳：filleting 去
8、骨：boning 去皮：skinning/ peeling 刮鳞：scaling 剁末：mashing 刻/雕：carving 酿：stuffing 腌：pickling/ salting 浸/泡：marinating 去壳：shelling 斩/剁块：chopping 六．中国菜常用烹调方法： 炒：stir-frying 煎：pan-frying 爆：quick-frying 炸：deep-frying 干炸：dry deep-frying 软炸：soft deep-frying 酥炸：crisp deep-frying 烧：braising 煮
9、boiling 蒸：steaming 炖/煨/焖：simmering/ stewing 熏：smoking 烘/烤：baking/ broiling/ grilling/ roasting/ basting 白灼：scalding 卤：spicing 拌：mixing 涮：instant-boiling 七．中国菜肴名称的翻译方法： （一）以主料开头的翻译方法 1介绍菜肴的主料和辅料：公式：主料(形状)+(with)辅料 例：杏仁鸡丁 chicken cubes with almond 牛肉豆腐 beef with bean curd 西红柿炒蛋 S
10、crambled egg with tomato 2介绍菜肴的主料和味汁：公式：主料(形状)+(with, in)味汁 例：芥末鸭掌 duck webs with mustard sauce 葱油鸡 chicken in Scallion oil 米酒鱼卷 fish rolls with rice wine （二）以烹制方法开头的翻译方法 1介绍菜肴的烹法和主料：公式：烹法+主料(形状) 例：软炸里脊soft-fried pork fillet 烤乳猪roast suckling pig 炒鳝片Stir-fried eel slices 2介绍菜肴的烹法和主料
11、辅料公式：烹法+主料(形状)+(with)辅料 例：仔姜烧鸡条braised chicken fillet with tender ginger 3介绍菜肴的烹法、主料和味汁：公式：烹法+主料(形状)+(with, in)味汁 例：红烧牛肉 braised beef with brown sauce 鱼香肉丝 fried shredded pork with Sweet and sour sauce 清炖猪蹄 stewed pig hoof in clean soup 注：如果菜中有汤，在翻译时要根据菜中汤料的多少区别对待。通常采用两种模式翻译： 如果汤少，仅是汁状，则：
12、主料 with 汤汁 如：茄汁牛肉 Fried Beef with Tomato Sauce 如果汤多呈稀汤状，则：主料 in 稀汤 如：卤炸乳鸽子 Deep-fried Pigeon in Spiced Sauce （三）以形状或口感开头的翻译方法 1介绍菜肴的形状(口感)和主料、辅料公式：形状(口感)+主料+(with)辅料 例：芝麻酥鸡 crisp chicken with sesame 陈皮兔丁 diced rabbit with orange peel 时蔬鸡片 sliced chicken with seasonal vegetables 2介
13、绍菜肴的口感、烹法和主料公式：口感+烹法+主料 例：香酥排骨 crisp fried spareribs 水煮嫩鱼 tender stewed fish 香煎鸡块 fragrant fried chicken 3介绍菜肴的形状(口感)、主料和味汁公式：形状(口感)+主料+(with)味汁 例：茄汁鱼片 sliced fish with tomato sauce 椒麻鸡块 cutlets chicken with hot pepper 黄酒脆皮虾仁 crisp shrimps with rice wine sauce （四）以人名或地名开头的翻译方法 1介绍菜肴的创始人(
14、发源地)和主料公式：人名(地名)+主料 例：麻婆豆腐 Ma Po bean curd 四川水饺 Sichuan boiled dumpling 2介绍菜肴的创始人(发源地)、烹法和主料公式：人名(地名)+烹法+主料 例：东坡煨肘 DongPo stewed pork joint 北京烤鸭 Beijing Roast Duck 在中餐菜名翻译成英文的过程中，可以采用多种不同的方法，而且每一道菜都可以从不同的角度 入手进行翻译。例如，川菜中的“宫保鸡丁”这道菜就有以下几种译法： 1.sauteed chicken cubes with peanuts 2.Gongbao chi
15、cken cubes 3.diced chicken with chili and peanuts （五）如果菜中配有中草药，事实上因为外国人并不太懂得各种草药的实际作用，对于他们而言，中国的草药都是具有神奇效用的，所以不妨将各种草药一律翻译为Chinese Herbs 如：天麻炖鸡：Stewed Chicken with Chinese Herbs 由此可见，中餐菜名的英译方法是灵活多变的。至于我们在翻译中最终采用哪种方法，则可根据各人的习惯和具体情况确定。不过根据一般经验，只要掌握了第一种以主料开头的翻译方法，对其它种类的翻译方法便可以触类旁通，我们只需根据文中所列出的翻译公式
16、去相应作一些交换就行了。 中 餐 英 文 菜 谱 全体乳猪 Roast whole suckling pig 特色五福拼盘 Special five varieties. 葡国碳烧肉Portuguese roast pork 脆皮靓烧鸡Crispy chicken 湛江皇后水晶鸡Zhanjiang Crystal chicken 金牌回香鸡Golden tasty chicken 盐香脆皮鸡Salty crispy chicken 高州葱油先鸡Gaozhou style shallot favour Chicken 蜜汁碳烧叉烧Honey charcoal por
17、k 碳烧靓排骨Charcoal spare ribs 骨香乳鸽Tasty baby pigeon 锦绣烧味拼盘Assorted barbecue meat 新派卤水拼盘New style soy sauce stewed meat 新派卤水掌翼New style soy sauce stewed goose wing and feet 新派卤水大肠头New style soy sauce stewed pig’s intestine 新派卤水肚仔New style soy sauce stewed pig’s stomach 新派卤水脚仔New style soy sauce
18、stewed pig’s hoof 盐焗肾片Baked salty chicken kidney 凉拌海蜇Marinated cold jelly fish 刀拍黄瓜Marinated cold cucumber 小食类Entrée 日式海蜇Japanese style Jelly Fish 日式八爪鱼Japanese style Octopus 凉拌青瓜Marinated cold cucumber 凉拌粉皮Marinated cold bean pasty 蒜香肾片Garlic taste kidney 蒜香猪耳仔Garlic taste pig’s ear 麻辣
19、凤爪Spicy hot chicken feet 琥珀核桃Deep fried walnut in Syrup 特别介绍Special Recommendation 泰汁银雪鱼Codfish in Thai sauce 甜麦豆炒带子北极贝Stir fry sweet bean scallops 脆皮咸猪手Salty taste crispy trotter XO酱爆花枝片XO Soy Sauce Fry Flower Branch Pieces 芦笋蚌肉鸽片Stir fry boneless pigeon, mussel and asparagus 盐焗猪肚Baked salt
20、y pig’s stomach XO酱爆生肠Stir fry intestines in XO sauce 辣子鸡Stir fry chicken with hot chili 酥炸百花球Crispy fry flower ball 酱爆竹肠Stir fry intestines with bean sauce 黑椒蝴蝶骨Fry sphenoid with black pepper 剁椒鱼咀Stir fry fish head with hot chili 红葱头蒸鸡Braise chicken with shallot 沙锅鱼头煲Braise fish head clay p
21、ot 爆野兔Stir fry rabbit 京葱爆驼峰肉Stir fry camel hump with shallot 西芹腰果核桃肉Stir fry celery, cashew and walnut 鲍汁百灵菇鹅肠Stir fry mushroom and goose intestine in abalone sauce 椒盐排骨Spicy spare ribs 剁椒鱼咀Stir Fry fish mouth with chopped pepper 尖椒猪肚Stir fry Pig’s Stomach with hot chili 罗定豆豉鸡Luoding style b
22、raise chicken in bean sauce 辣子鸡丁Stir fry chicken dices with hot chili 鲍汁百灵菇Stir fry mushroom with abalone sauce 红葱头猪俐Stir fry pig’s tongue with onion 盐焗肾片Salt Kidney Pieces 蒜香骨Garlic tasty spare ribs 栗干炆鸡Stew chicken with chestnut 川汁鸡球Sichuan style chicken meat ball 酱爆双脆Soy sauce fry double
23、cracking 水煮牛肉Poach beef with hot chili 鲜鱿让鲮鱼胶Squid with fish stuffing 豆腐鱼头煲Boil Fish Head with bean curd 豉汁蒸排骨/鱼Steam spare ribs/fish with black bean sauce 豉油王鹅肠Stir fry goose intestines with soy sauce 姜葱爆牛肉Stir fry beef with ginger and shallot 黑椒炒牛肉Stir fry beef with black pepper 茶树菇蒸牛柳Stea
24、m beef and mushroom 酱爆牛柳Stir fry beef in bean sauce 剁椒鱼头Stir fry fish head with chopped hot chili 生炒骨/酸甜排骨Sweet and sour spare ribs 老坛子 Old crock 海味什锦煲Stew seafood combination in clay pot 泰式凤爪Thailand style chicken feet 回锅肉Sichuan style stew pork 梅菜蒸肉片Steam port with preserved vegetable 西汁鸡
25、扒Chicken with western sauce 鲜淮山炆排骨Stew spare ribs with yam 翠玉兰花 Stir fry broccoli 酸茄黄金酿Brew sweet and sour eggplant 双菇扒菜胆略Stir fry mushrooms 牛肉炒蛋Stir fry beef and egg 凉瓜炒牛肉Stir fry beef with bitter melon 竹笙酿玉液Brew bamboo Shoot with wine 金华娃娃菜Stir fry baby cabbage 尖椒牛肉Stir fry beef with hot
26、chili 芦笋炒牛肉Stir fry beef and asparagus 西兰花超鱿鱼Stir fry squid and broccoli 西芹炒腊味Stir fry preserved ham and celery XO酱爆鱿鱼Stir fry squid in XO sauce 韭菜花炒银鱼Stir fry whitebait with chives 土豆炒肉片Stir fry pork with potato 煲淋大芥菜Leaf mustard in soup 三色蒸蛋Steam eggs 丝瓜炒肉片/猪肝/猪什Stir fry pork/liver/bowels
27、 with gourd 潮式大芥菜肉碎Chaozhou style mustard leaf and minced pork 豆豉鲮鱼炒时蔬Stir fry fish and vegetable in black bean sauce 节瓜虾米粉丝煲Stew dried shrimps, vermicelli and melon in clay pot 凉瓜炒肉片Stir fry pork with bitter melon 酸豆角炒肉碎Stir fry minced pork with pickle bean 菜甫煎蛋Fry egg with vegetable 榨菜肉丝韭黄
28、Stir fry pork with pickle vegetable and leek 上汤油菜Boil vegetable in chicken stock 盐水菜芯Boil vegetable in salty water 广州炒饭Guangzhou Fry Rice 白玉藏珍’Treasures hides in white jade 麻婆豆腐Sichuan style bean curd 凉瓜炒蛋Fry Eggs with bitten melon 炒油菜Stir fry vegetable 茄子煲Stew eggplant clay pot 蒜蓉炒丝瓜Stir f
29、ry gourd with garlic 虎皮尖椒Tiger Skin fry pepper 辣椒圈炒蛋Stir fry egg in hot chili 酸辣土豆丝Chili and sour potato 干炒牛河Dry fry rice noodles with beef 肉片炒面Stir fry noodles with pork 斋汤面Vegetarian noodle soup 豆豉爆辣椒圈Stir fry hot chili with bean sauce 老火例汤Soup of the day 豆腐鱼头汤Fish head and bean curd soup
30、 番茄豆腐汤Tomato and bean curd soup 紫菜蛋花汤Laver and egg soup 椰子炖鸡Braise chicken in coconut 土茯苓煲龟Tortoise with tuckahoe soup 单尾品种Snacks and Desserts 榴莲酥Durian Crisp Nosh 叉烧酥Barbecued Pork Crisp Nosh 萝卜酥 Turnip Crisp Nosh 蛋挞 Egg custard nosh 咸甜薄撑Salt/Sweet pancake 潮式煎饼Chaozhou style pancake 番茨饼
31、Sweet potato pancake 黄金饼Golden cake 葱油饼Shallot pancake 香煎生肉包Fried minced pork bun 鸳鸯馒头Assorted steamed bun 炸馒头Fried bun 梅菜扣肉 pork with preserved vegetable 咸鱼蒸肉饼steamed minced pork with salt fish 酱炸里脊丁sauté diced pork fillet with brown sauce 鲜笋火腿ham with fresh bamboo shoots 红烧猪蹄 braised por
32、k leg 麻辣猪肚pig tripe with chili sauce 双片锅巴sliced meat and liver with fried rice crust 豆豉排骨pork chops with bean sauce 糖醋排骨pork chops with sweet and sour sauce 宫保肉丁sauté pork cube lets with hot pepper 麻辣白肉 meat with cayenne pepper 红烧蹄筋braised pork tendons 红烧狮子头meat balls braised with brown sauc
33、e 糖粉酥肉fried crisp pork slices with sugar powder 烤乳猪roasted suckling pig 脆皮锅酥肉fried crisp pork 腐乳炖肉stewed pork with preserved bean curd 红烧扣肉braised pork slices in soy sauce 葱爆肉quick-fried pork and scallions 咕噜肉sweet and sour pork 荷叶粉蒸肉steamed pork with rice flavor in lotus leaves 回锅肉 double
34、cooked pork slices 陈皮牛肉beef with orange peel 烤羊肉串mutton shashlik 涮羊肉rinse-mutton / mutton slices rinsed in chafing dish 红烧羊肉mutton braised in brown sauce 汤类： 清汤 consommé 羹 chowder 老火汤double-stewed soup 连锅汤pork and radish soup 三鲜汤three fresh delicacies soup 五滋汤five-flavored mutton soup
35、鱼翅汤shark’s fin soup 干贝汤scallop soup 八珍蛇羹snake potage with eight delicacies 八宝冬瓜盅stewed white gourd soup with eight ingredients 人参炖乌鸡ginseng and black hen soup 紫菜蛋花汤laver egg soup 竹笋鲜蘑汤soup with bamboo shoots and fresh mush 清炖冬菇汤mushroom soup 庐山石耳汤 Mt. Lushan stone fungus soup 火鸭芥菜汤 sliced r
36、oast 芦笋鸡茸汤mashed chicken and asparagus soup 豆苗鞭蓉蛋汤consommé of snow egg with bean sprouts 锦江拼盆hors d’oeuvers Jinjiang style 蝴蝶冷盆butterfly-shaped appetizer 什锦冷盘assorted appetizer 太极八卦eight-diagram-shaped appetizer 卤鸡珍肝spiced chicken liver and gizzard 卤牛肉shredded boiled pork meat 卤鸡杂spicy chi
37、cken giblets 盐水鸭肫salted duck gizzards 鸭翅膀 duck wing tips 拌鸭掌cold duck web 芥末鸭掌duck flippers with mustard sauce 五香花生仁spiced peanuts 开洋炝刀豆sauté sword beans with dried shrimps 泡辣菜pickled hot vegetables 冷拌粉皮cold vermicelli with mustard and meat shreds 醉蟹wine preserved crabs 咸水虾 boiled shrimps
38、 with salt 红油肚片sliced pork tripe in hot chili oil 糟鸡chicken pickled in fermented rice wine sauce 烧鸭（鹅）roast duck / goose 怪味鸡multi-flavor chicken 麻辣牛肉条spiced beef 白切肉mixed meat in aspic 什锦肉冻sauté meat and vegetable 五香凤爪 marinated chicken feet 五香酱鸡spiced marinated chicken 芥末鸡皮 chicken skin w
39、ith mustard sauce 鸡丝粉皮chicken slices with bean jelly sheets 辣味麻酱鸡翅chicken sings with chili sauce and sesame paste 拌烤鸭丝roast duck shred in sauce 麻酱鸭块duck cutlets with sesame paste 桂花盐水鸭stewed salt-preserved duck 虾片shrimp chip 瓜皮虾cucumber with jellyfish and dried shelled shrimp 生拌鱼raw fish in
40、sauce 冰糖燕窝bird’s nest in crystal sugar 红酒烧竹鸡braised snipe in port wine 铁扒乳鸽grilled young pigeon 糟蛋eggs preserved in wine 酱蛋pickled egg 茶叶蛋egg in tea 蒸腊鹅spiced goose wing tips and webfeet 潮州卤鹅 spiced goose, Chaozhou style 潮州烧雁鹅roast goose, Chaozhou style 红烧全鸭braised whole duck in soy sauce
41、 五香鸭spiced duck 蒸南京板鸭 steamed Nanjing salted duck 北京烤鸭roast Beijing duck 香糟鸡片sliced chicken in wine sauce 炸童子鸡deep fried spring chicken 荷叶粉蒸鸡steamed chicken in lotus leaf packets 炸纸包鸡fried chicken in paper packets 陈皮鸡chicken in orange flavor 咖喱鸡 curry chicken 砂锅鸡braised chicken in casserol
42、e 叫化子鸡mud-baked chicken 附杂项（西餐，餐具，糖果等）： breakfast 早餐 lunch 午餐 brunch 早午餐 supper 晚餐 late snack 宵夜 dinner 正餐 coffee pot 咖啡壶 coffee cup 咖啡杯 paper towel 纸巾 napkin 餐巾 table cloth 桌布 tea -pot 茶壶 tea set 茶具 tea tray 茶盘 caddy 茶罐 dish 碟 plate 盘 saucer 小碟子 rice bowl 饭碗 chopsticks 筷子
43、 soup spoon 汤匙 knife 餐刀 cup 杯子 glass 玻璃杯 mug 马克杯 picnic lunch 便当 toothpick 牙签 fruit plate 水果盘 meat diet 荤菜 vegetables 素菜 meat broth 肉羹 local dish 地方菜 Cantonese cuisine 广东菜 menu 菜单 French cuisine 法国菜 today's special 今日特餐 buffet 自助餐 fast food 快餐 specialty 招牌菜 tea leaves 茶叶 black te
44、a 红茶 jasmine tea 茉莉(香片) tea bag 茶包 lemon tea 柠檬茶 white gourd tea 冬瓜茶 honey 蜂蜜 soda water 苏打水 artificial color 人工色素 curry rice 咖喱饭 bird's nest 燕窝 French fires 炸薯条 baked potato 烘马铃薯 mashed potatoes 马铃薯泥 pudding 布丁 pastries 甜点 jerky 牛肉干 popcorn 爆米花 sunny side up 煎一面荷包蛋 over 煎两面荷包蛋 ov
45、er easy 煎半熟蛋 over hard 煎全熟蛋 butter 奶油 beverages 饮料 condensed milk 炼乳; 炼奶 coffee mate 奶精 coffee 咖啡 iced coffee 冰咖啡 white coffee 牛奶咖啡 black coffee 纯咖啡 ice-cream cone 甜筒 sundae 圣代; 新地 ice-cream 雪糕 ice candy 冰棒 straw 吸管 cake 蛋糕 pancake 煎饼 cereal 麦片粥 toast 土司 hamburger 汉堡 ham and egg
46、火腿肠 buttered toast 奶油土司 French toast 法国土司 cheese cake 酪饼 white bread 白面包 brown bread 黑面包 cheese cake 酪饼 flour-rice noodle 面粉 noodles 面条 wheat gluten 面 macaroni 通心粉 bean thread 冬粉 instinct noodles 速食面 sandwich 三明治 crust 面包皮 syrup of plum 酸梅汤 tomato juice 番茄汁 orange juice 橘子汁 coconut
47、 milk 椰子汁 asparagus juice 芦荟汁 vegetable juice 蔬菜汁 ginger ale 姜汁 soft drink 汽水 coco-cola (coke) 可口可乐 ice water 冰水 mineral water 矿泉水 distilled water 蒸馏水 long-life milk 保久奶 beer 啤酒 draft beer 生啤酒 stout beer 黑啤酒 canned beer 罐装啤酒 red wine 红葡萄酒 gin 琴酒 brandy 白兰地 whisky 威士忌 vodka 伏特加 on
48、the rocks 酒加冰块 rum 兰酒 champagne 香槟 marrons glaces 唐炒栗子 appetizer 开胃菜 green salad 蔬菜沙拉 onion soup 洋葱汤 T-bone steak 丁骨牛排 filet steak 菲力牛排 sirloin steak 沙朗牛排 club steak 小牛排 well done 全熟 medium 五分熟 rare 三分熟 cocoa 可可 pineapple 凤梨 watermelon 西瓜 papaya 木瓜 betelnut 槟榔 chestnut 栗子 coconut
49、 椰子 tangerine 橘子 mandarin orange 橘 sugar-cane 甘蔗 muskmelon 香瓜 juice peach 水蜜桃 pear 梨子 peach 桃子 carambola 杨桃 cherry 樱桃 persimmon 柿子 apple 苹果 mango 芒果 fig 无花果 almond 杏仁 plum 李子 honey-dew melon 哈密瓜 loquat 枇杷 olive 橄榄 rambutan 红毛丹 durian 榴梿 strawberry 草莓 grape 葡萄 grapefruit 葡萄柚 l
50、ichee 荔枝 longan 龙眼 guava 番石榴 banana 香蕉 water chestnut 荸荠 ficus tikaua 地瓜 maltose 麦芽糖 confection 糖果 glace fruit 蜜饯 marmalade 果酱 dried persimmon 柿饼 candied melon 冬瓜糖 red jujube 红枣 black date 黑枣 glace date 蜜枣 dried longan 桂圆干 raisin 葡萄干 chewing gum 口香糖 nougat 牛乳糖 mint 薄荷糖 drop 水果糖
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