词语大辨析.doc

词语辨析

1.abandon，desert，forsake，quit都含有一定的"放弃"之意
abandon 指完全、永远地放弃,尤指对之负有责任或义务者,放弃一个项目或计划
desert 强调故意违背自己的义务、责任或誓言等(擅离职守)
forsake 指遗弃以前所爱的人或事物,着重于断绝情感上的依恋 eg.forsake one's wife and children遗弃妻儿;forsake bad habits摈弃坏习惯
quit 指突然或出其不意地放弃,现一般指"停止" eg.quit work停止工作
1. His presence of mind never deserted him.他从不失去镇静.
2. Despite some difficulties, they’re not going to abandon the plan. 尽管他们遇到了一些困难,但并不打算放弃这个计划.
3. Quit it out!住嘴./住手.
4.Arnold Schwarzenegger has forsook the theater for politics.阿诺德•施瓦辛格弃艺从政了

2.accessory，decoration，ornament 都含有一定的"装饰品"之意
accessory [常作pl.]指(女性的)装饰品,(手提包,些,手套,帽子,项链,耳环等)
decoration 指为了装饰某物所使用的艳丽好看的装饰品
ornament 指一般装饰品(ornament在作动词时常可和decorate互换)
1.The hall is decorated with flowers and flags.大厅里装饰着鲜花和旗帜.(此句也能用ornament替换.)
2.The Christmas tree was decorated with shinning ornaments such as colored lights and glass balls.圣诞树被一些闪亮的装饰物点缀着,如彩灯和玻璃球.
3.She wore a green wool suit with matching accessories.她穿了一件绿色的羊毛套装,佩戴着得体的首饰.
4.Can you help me to garnish a fish with slices of lemon.你能帮我在鱼上加配柠檬片吗?(garnish多用于对烹饪、菜式的装饰,如加调味料,加配材料等)

3.accomplish，complete，end，finish 都含有"完成"之意
accomplish 指成功地完成预期的计划或达到预期的目的或成果
complete 指完成一件指派或预定的任务，或完善、完整未完成的部分
end 指一个动作或一件事情的结束或终止
finish 指把一件事或一个动作做完，强调事情的了结、终止
1.We tried to settle the arguement but accomplished nothing.我们试图解决争端,但未成功.
2.The term will end early in July.学期将在七月初结束.
3.The building was finished in 1962.大厦建成于1962年.
4.When will the work be completed.工作什么时候完结?
5.I have finished the book.我读完了那本书.
I have completed a book.我写完了一本书.

4.accurate，correct，delicate，exact，precise都含有一定的"正确,精确"之意
accurate 准确的，精确的，指某人或某事不仅不出错，而且与事实无出入，强调准确性
correct 正确的，指某人或某事合乎事实或公认的标准或规则，没有错误
delicate 精美、精细的、雅致的
exact 确切的、精确的,语气较accurate强,指某人或某事数量或质量完全符合事实或标准,而且在细致末节上也丝毫不差
precise 精密的,指具有高度的精确性和准确性,强调范围界限的鲜明性或细节的精密,有时略带"吹毛求疵"的贬义
1.His painting is a/an exact copy of the original.他的画是与原作丝毫不差的临摹作品.
2.Laser technology has enhanced the precision of many surgical procedures.激光技术已大大提高了外科手术的精确度.
3.We hope to become more accurate in predicting earthquakes.我们希望能更准确地预测地震.(be accurate in… 在…方面很精确)
4.It’s the correct thing to do.正应如此.
5.One of his eyes was injured in an accident,but after a delicate operation,he quickly recovered his sight.他的一只眼睛在事故中受伤,但经过精细的手术以后很快恢复了视力.

5.accuse，charge，indict都含有一定的"指控,控告"之意
accuse accuse sb. of doing sth.为…指责某人,控告某人
charge charge sb. with doing sth.指控某人…
indict 具体用法见练习3、4、5句
1.The soldier was accused of running away when the enemy attacked.这个士兵被指控为临阵逃脱.
2. He charged me with negligence of duty.他指控我玩忽职守.
3.The police indicted him as a rioter.警察指控他为扰乱治安者.(indict sb. as…指控某人为…)
4.His company indicted him for sabotage他公司告发他的破坏行为.(indict sb for sth.告发某人…)
5.He was indicted on a charge of murder.他因犯杀人罪被起诉.(sb. be indicted on a charge of …因犯…被告发)

6.achieve,acquire,attain,gain,obtain都含有一定的"获得,达到"之意
achieve 强调由于极大的努力,克服困难后达到目标
acquire 指经过不懈努力才获得的技术,知识等抽象的东西,也指养成习惯等
attain 正式用语,指经过艰苦努力才使人达到完美境地
gain 指需要做出比obtain更大的努力,往往指通过竞争获得某些有价值的东西
obtain 指经过努力或付出代价或经过很长时间儿得到所需要的东西
1.After so many years of hard work,he finally achieved success.经过这么多年努力,他终于获得了成功.
2.She has acquired some very unpleasant habits recently.她最近养成了一些不良的习惯.
3.In typhoon,winds attain a speed greater than 120 km per hour.发生台风时,风速每小时高达120公里.
4.In the second experiment they obtained a very clear result.在第二次试验中他们的到了一个非常清楚的结果.
5.No gains without pains.不劳则无获.
6. She acquired a good knowledge of English from Mr. Chen's lectures.他从陈教授的讲座中学到很多英语知识.

7.acknowledge,admit,concede,confess,recognize都含有一定的"承认"之意
acknowledge 着重”公开承认”,常用来指过去曾隐瞒或否认的事
admit 是指在压力下不得不承认已经证实或难以否认的事实,供认(事实,错误等)
concede (不情愿地)承认,(在结果确定前)承认失败
confess 着重承认自己的过错或罪恶
recognize 指正式承认主权、权利等
1.He concededthat the statement was true in an argument.他在辩论中承认对方的说法是正确的.(有点不情愿的承认)
2.She acknowledged having been at fault.他承认自己曾犯过错误.
3.The new law was generally admitted to be difficult to enforce.大家普遍认为,新的法律很难实施.(admit后面可跟名词或动名词作宾语,不根不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾补.此句中admit为被动结构,所以用to be difficult to enforce作主语补语.)
4.Although they had suffered heavy losses,they refused to concede defeat.虽然他们已遭受惨重损失,但还是不肯认输.
5.Finally he has to confess himself guilty.最终他不得不认罪.(confess oneself认罪)
6.Mr.Zhang was recognized as the legitimate representative of the company.张先生背城认为公司的合法代表.

8.affirm，assert，allege，claim都含有一定的"宣称，断言"之意
affirm 断言,肯定,指根据事实坚定不移地宣称,有无可争辩之意
assert 宣称,坚持,指不管事实如何,主观自信地宣称
allege 宣称,断定,指在无真实凭据情况下宣称,硬说
claim 声称,主张,往往表示说话者反对或不同意某一观点
1.Politicians more often affirm their desire for retirement than show that they really mean it.政治家经常声称他们想退休,但未必是真的.
2.The suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighbourhood.嫌疑犯生成案发时他并不在现场.
3.He asserted his belief that she was innocent.他坚持自己的想法,她是无辜的.
4.He asserted that this could be done..他宣称这是可行的.
5.Don't claim to know what you don't know.不要强不知以为知.

9.alarm,dread,fear,fright,horror,panic,terror都含有一定的"惊恐"之意
alarm 惊恐,忧虑,指突然遇到危险产生的紧张,害怕,惊慌失措的心理状态,也可指一般的担心忧虑 (take/feel alarm at…因…而惊恐)
dread 担忧,惧怕,多指因预料有危险和不愉快的事面临而产生的不安心情,比fear更为强烈的恐惧
fear 表示恐惧最普通的用语,指遇到危险或灾难内心感到不安或发慌
fright 指突然的惊恐
horror 令人毛骨悚然,使人极其厌恶的恐怖(常用于强调表现出恐怖的现象或行为,而不强调引起恐怖的原因)
panic 恐慌(指吃惊以后随之而来的不知所措,神经几乎失控的状态)
terror 恐怖(指个人安全受到严重威胁时所产生的巨大恐惧及惊骇)
1.There is nothing to get alarmed about.没什么可大惊小怪的.
2.She had always been in dread of meeting with an accident.他总是担心遇上意外事故.
3.Our cat fears dogs.我们家的猫怕狗.
4.I don't frighten easily.我不会轻易受惊的.
5.They watch with horror as the tightrope walker struggled to remain his balance.他们心惊肉跳得看着走钢丝绳的演员摇摇晃晃地在恢复平衡.
6.All the residents of the town panicked when there was a big fire in the supermarket.超市的一场大火震惊了全镇居民.(panic的过去式为panicked)
7.She was terrified out of her senses.她吓得魂不附体.

10.alter,change,convert,modify,shift,transform,vary都含有一定的"改变"之意
alter 改变,变更,指衣服等表面或局部做部分变动,而没有变成另一种事物
change 改变,变更,指位置,性质,外表,形式或是数量与质量等改变.常与into连用.
convert 使转变,变化,一般只表示事物的外表及用途等方面发生的次要变化,而不是本质上的巨大变化,也可用于改变某人的政治观点、信仰.这个词义是其他词所没有的
modify 修改,变更,较正式,常用以表示意见,计划或形式,质量方面不大的变化
shift 指位置或方向的移动,改变
transform 指外形或面貌的改变,彻底改变性格,性质等
vary 改变,不同,有区别,变化
1.If your coat is too long,the tailor can alter it to fit you.如果你的衣服太大,裁缝会给你改的合身.
2.Greatchanges have taken place since he left.他走后变化很大.
3 He used to be a Christian,but he is now.converted to Buddhism.他过去是一个基督教徒,现在改信佛教.
4.Prices that vary with the quality.价格随质量不同而变化.(vary with…随…而变化)
5.The wind has shifted from north to south.风向从北转到了南.
6.Many military factories have been transformed into civil ones in order to meet the needs of the country.为了适应国情的需要,我们把很多军用工厂改成了民用工厂.
7.The inventormodified his original design in order to increase the machine’s efficiency.发明者改变原来的设计目的是提高机器的效率.

11.alternative,choose,pick,select都含有一定的"选择"之意
alternative adj. n. 供选择的,抉择,供选择的东西.指在两者之间进行选择,两者选一的
choose 适用范围最广,指从众多的对象中挑选,这中挑选常取决于个人的意志与判断,不强调客观标准.它所选择的对象可以是不同种类的,可以是有形的或无形的.还常带有最终选定的含义,即表示选定候不再变化.
pick 口头用语,指仔细地,精心地选择,含有挑剔的意思.一般指挑选有形的东西
select 语气比choose重,多用于正式场合.指仔细地,审慎地精选,强调客观性,而不是主观性.所挑选的对象可以是有形或无形的,但一定是同种类的.
1.He selected an appropriate birthday card for his mother.他给母亲精心挑选了一张合适的生日卡.
2.Children shouldn’t pick food.孩子不应该挑食.(pick off摘去,采取)
3 He chose Miss Lilyfor his wife.他选择了莉丽小姐作为他的妻子.(从本句可以看出"choose常带有最终选定的含义"这一点)
4.When traveling,you are advised to take travelers' checks,which provide a secure alternative to carrying your money in cash.建议你旅游时带旅行支票,那样要比带现金安全.
5.I'm to pick out a few good books to send to my friend.我要挑选几本好书给我的朋友.(pick up收拾整理,用车接人 pick out挑选,拣出 pick at吃一点点,无食欲地吃)

12.altitude,aptitude,attitude,latitude都非常形近
altitude 高度,海拔(an altitude of 20,000 metres above sea level海拔20,000米)
aptitude 才能,智力,倾向,习性
attitude 态度,看法
latitude 纬度(longitude经度)
1.Beavers have an aptitude for building dams.水獭有筑坝的习性.
2.She takes the attitude that Children should be allowed to learn at their own pace. 她采取的态度就是应该允许孩子们按照自己的节奏学习.
3 He has an aptitude for languages.他有学语言的才能.
4.What's yourattitudetowards this question?你对这个问题有什么看法?
5.Taipei is located at 121.7 degrees east longitude and 25 degrees northlatitude.台北位于东经121.7度,北纬25度.
6.The pilot is exercising the altitudeflight.飞行员正在练习高空飞行.

13.announce, declare, proclaim都含有一定的"宣布"之意
announce 指对公众或特定的一群关心的人进行宣布，常指大家感兴趣的事，如国家大事、商品信息、生死病婚、开会等新闻
declare 指在庄严场合，官方权威人士公开郑重宣布，有时指在公共场合对某事表明态度
proclaim 指官方事务中当局对大众所作的重要宣布
其实,三个词之间有时也可经常互换使用.
1.Everyone was silent as he announced the winner of the competition.当他宣布竞赛的获胜者时,大家都静静地倾听.
2.The government declared war on the drug dealers.政府向毒品贩子宣战.(declare war on/against…向…宣战;proclaim war宣战)
3.They proclaimed him a model worker..它们宣布他为劳动模范.
4.The chairman declared the exhibition open.主席宣布展览会开幕.(本句感觉也可用announced,你认为呢?)
5.The Congress of the Communist Party of China was announced to mee

14.ample, adequate, plentiful,sufficient都含有一定的"足够,丰富"之意
ample 指不仅能达到应有的程度,满足需要,而且还有余,一般不修饰数量不定的名词(ample time充裕的时间;an ample basket of fruit满满一篮水果;ample space宽敞的空间)
adequate 足够的,充分的,指数量和质量上复合一个特定的标准或不太高的要求
plentiful 丰富的,很多的,富裕的
sufficient 尤指程度上多到能满足或达到某种特殊需要,特别是精神上的需要
1.There is ample evidence to suggest that the lawyer in question knew exactly what she was doing.有充分证据表明那个正在提问的律师确实知道她在做什么.(ample evidence充分证据)
2.By law,when one makes a large purchase,he should have adequate opportunity to change his mind.根据法律,当一个人进行大宗购买时,他应该有充分的机会改变自己的注意.
3.The supply is not adequate to the demand.供不应求.
4.He has acquired sufficient proficiency to read Chinese literary works.他已获得足够能力阅读中国文学著作.
5.A plentiful harvest is in sight.丰收在望.(plentiful/good harvest丰收)

15amplify, enhance, enlarge,expand,magnify都含有一定的"扩大,提高"之意
amplify 放大,扩大,增强,指放大,增强(信号等)
enhance 提高,增强,指(价格,力量,吸引力,声望)等的增加,提高.
enlarge 指体积,大小,范围,能力等方面的增加
expand 既可指数量上或体积上的增加,也可用来之前后左右上下任何方向的扩大,也指知识的增长,生意的扩大
magnify 指放大,扩大(声音,照片等)
1. Human knowledge has greatly expanded in the last 30 years which enables people to achieve more and live more comfortably.过去30年人类的知识已经有了很大的增长,这就使得人们能够取得更大的成就,生活也更舒适了.
2. Please amplify a radio signal.请放大无线电信号.
3. The republication of the poet’s most recent works will certainly enhance his national reputation.这位诗人最新作品的再版毋庸置疑地会提高他在国内的声望.
4. People often use a loudspeaker to magnify the voice.人们常用扩音器来放大声音.
5. We must enlarge our views by reading.我们必须以读书来增长见识.
6.The boss is going to expand retail operations.老板正打算扩大零售业务.
7.Mother asked someone to enlarge the kitchen.妈妈找人来扩大了厨房.

16.annoy,furious,indignant,irritate,provoke都含有一定的"恼怒"之意
annoy 指有余被迫忍受某种不愉快甚至讨厌的事情而失去耐心或沉着(be annoyed at/by sth. be annoyed with sb. 对某人/某事很生气)
furious 狂怒的(be furious with sb. be furious at/about sth对某人/某事大发雷霆)
indignant 强调的是愤怒,愤慨,愤愤不平
irritate 指一再打扰某人,终于使其失去耐心而发怒.
provoke 激怒(人,动物),使生气(provoke sb. to do /into doing...刺激某人做某事)
1.It annoys me that she just assumes we'll all fit in with her plans.她想当然地认为我们都适合她的计划,这使我非常恼怒.
2.The manager was irritated by consumer's insolence.经理被消费者的蛮横态度弄得恼火.
3.Father was furious with Peter about his mistake.父亲对彼得犯的错误大发雷霆.
4.Mike provoked Mary to anger so that Mary was divorced from Mike.麦克激怒了玛丽以至于玛丽跟麦克离婚了.(provoke sb. to anger激怒某人;叫某人生气)
5.Mother is irritated against Bob because he is not obedient.妈妈对鲍伯的不听话很生气.(irritate against sb.对某人生气)
6.This unfair trestment arouses popular indignation.这种不公待遇引起了公愤.

17.apparatus,appliance,equipment,facility,instrument都含有一定的"器具"之意
apparatus 指"一套仪器,一套器械,装置"
appliance 通常指需要动力才能操作的家用电器和装置等
equipment 指"设备,装备"
facility (pl.)"设备,设施",只是工作生活便利的工具和环境
instrument 指精密的或科学的和艺术上使用的器具等
1.Today,housework has been made much easier by electrical __B__.现在,家用电器使得家务活轻松多了.
A.facilities B.appliances C.instruments D.apparatus
2.The complete __D___ of the new library will take another year.新图书馆的全套设备还要花一年时间才能完成.
A.apparatus B.facility C.instrument D.equipment
3.The school offer us the __A__ for study.学校为我们提供了便利学习的设施.
A.facilities B.appliances C.instruments D.apparatus
4.This hospital imported many surgical __C__ from abroad.医院从国外进口了许多外科器械.
A.facilities B.appliances C.instruments D.apparatus
5.The Browns are always very cold in winter because they have not a heating __D__.布朗一家每到冬天就很冷,因为他们没有暖气设备.
A.facilities B.appliances C.instruments D.apparatus

18.answer,reply,respond都含有一定的"回答"之意
answer 用的最广,几乎可指口头,书面乃至行动所表示的一切
reply 指较为正式或经过考虑的答复,除了后面接直接宾语或以that开始的句子外,一般只用作不及物动词,后面连用to,表示回答旁人的问题(话语,信件,祝贺,攻击等)
respond 一般指对紧急问题或请求作出答复,或用行动对所说或所做的事情做出反应
1.The car __A__ well to the controls.这辆汽车操纵灵敏.(respong to sth.对某事物反映灵敏,起反应,回答,响应;corrspond to相当于,与...对应;reply to回信,对...做出反应)
A.responds B.corresponds C.replies D.reflects
2.The electrician went at once in __D__ to the phone call.电工一接到电话马上就去了.(in answer to作为对...的回答,响应,反击等)
A.reply B.respond C.reflection D.answer
3.He __B__ nothing about this.对此他没有回答.
A.refuse B.answer C.reply D.respond
4.Please __C__ at your earliest convenience.请尽早答复.
A.answer B.reflect C.reply D.respond
5.The illness quickly __D__ to proper treatment.疾病经适当治疗后很快好转.
A.replied B.answered C.reflected D.responded

19.apparent,clear,evident,obvious,visible都含有一定的"明显"之意
apparent 显然明白的,表面上的;常用来修饰容易看见或认识的事物
clear 普通用语,凡听清、看清或易于理解的东西都可以用
evident 指以事实为根据,加以推理就很明显,多用于抽象事物和推理,如事实、错误、成功等
obvious 指极为明显,一目了然,不用多说就能清楚的东西
visible 显著的,明显的,可看见的
以上词语,在某些时候可以互换,并无非常明显的界限.
1.Everyone present ran out for no __A__ reason.在场的每个人都莫名其妙地跑掉了.
A.apparent B.other C.absurd D.strange
2.It is (quite) __B__ that he took the wrong path.很显然,他走错了道.(本题选用obvious也是可以的嘛! It is (quite) evident that...很显然...)
A.apparent B.evident C.stupid D.absurd
3.Tom was nowhere in __B__ .到处都看不到汤姆.(in evidence 明显的,显眼的,显而易见的,可看见的)
A.apparence B.evidence C.obviosity D.vision
4.It is __C__ that two and two make four.二加二等于四,那是明明白白的.(It is bovious that...)
A.apparent B.evident C.obvious D.visible
5.He talked to the customer with __D__ impatience.他和顾客谈话时显然不耐烦的样子.(本题选用apparent或obvious也没什么不可以.但evident和clear就有点勉强了.)
A.evident B.clear C.much D.visible
6.It is __A__ (that) you have been cheated.明白得很,你已受骗了.(It is clear that...)
A.clear B.apparent C.regretful D.ignorant

20.关于people的四个词
a people,peoples,people,the people有何区别?你分清了嘛?
a people 指一个国家或地区的"民族、人民".
peoples 为a people的复数形式,指许多国家或地区的不同的"民族、人民".
people 泛指"人们",是集合名词,不能指一人.以单数形式表示复数意义,谓语动词要用复数
the people 指"人民",可指某个国家的人民,也可指全世界的人民.它表示复数概念.若the people作为主语,它的谓语动词要用复数形式.
1.The Chinese are a hard-working __A__.中国是个勤劳的民族.(a (adj.) people)
A.people B.a people C.the people D.peoples
2.__A__ will laugh at you.人们会嘲笑你的.
A.People B.A people C.The people D.Peoples
3.__C__ are the makers of history.人民是历史的创造者.
A.People B.A people C.The people D.Peoples
4.Five hundred __A__ have attended the open air concert.五百人参与了露天音乐会.
A.people B.a people C.the people D.peoples
5.__D__ of the two countries are determined to unite still more closely.两国人民决心团结得更加紧密.
A.People B.A people C.The people D.The peoples
6.__C__ who were waiting at the entrance have now gone inside.刚才等在入口处的人们现在都进去了.
A.People B.A people C.The people D.Peoples

21."争论,争吵"argue,debate,discuss,dispute,quarrel都含有一定的"争论"之意
argue 指一方坚持自己的意见,立场和观点,通过争论企图说服对方(argue with sb. about/over sth.)
debate 多指公开,正式场合进行的辩论或严肃的争论,双方各自陈述理由,"交锋""往返"的意味较强
discuss 指为了解决问题或弄清对方的观点而进行的讨论,磋商
dispute 指持续,激烈的争论,语气较强,有”相持不下,未得解决”的意思(in dispute在争论中)
quarrel 争吵,争论,含与人发生口角的意思