英译汉翻译技巧.doc

第四章 英译汉翻译技巧
一、增词法（1）
1.The purchase of used , second-handed clothing , furniture or other household articles may be an excellent way of economizing.
购买用过的旧衣服、旧家具或其他家用物品是极好的省钱的方法。
2.Like anything else , abilities deteriorate when we stop applying our energies to them.
就像任何其他东西一样，我们的各种能力若不花精力去训练的话也会退化。
3.We began the 19th century with a choice , to spread our nation from coast to coast.
19世纪初我们作了一个抉择，把我们国家从东海岸扩展到西海岸。
4.They were being so nice , and I was finding it hard to be civil.
由于他们如此地友善，我反倒不好公事公办地客套了。
5.She heard me out ,then quietly told me how long they had been saving for a dining-room table .Not just anny table , but something durable and beautiful they could use and love for a life time , a focal point for gatherings of family and friends , a source of happy memories their daughter could carry with her when she left to establish her own home .
她听完了我的一顿唠叨，随后轻轻地告诉我他们花了多么长的时间省吃俭用来买一张餐桌。他们想要的不是随便的一张桌子，而是他们能终生使用与钟爱的耐用而美丽的宝物，是家人朋友相聚的中心，是一个幸福回忆的源泉，当她女儿长大成家后，能够伴随她怀念不忘。
6.His words seemed to cling to me---- along with an awful sense of intrusion.
他的话如恶魔缠身，挥之不去，同时摆脱不掉的还有一种受到侵犯的不快的感觉。
7.Flushed and emotional , Mrs. Mayton challenged him , “why did you sit for there minutes without telling us ?”
梅顿女士脸色通红，情绪激动，她质问道：“你为什么坐了3分钟却不告诉我们?”
8.A few broken plates are a small price to pay for the joy we get using them.Besides , every chip and crack has a story to tell.
与使用这些瓷器所享受到的乐趣相比，几个摔碎的碗碟只不过是小小的代价而已，并且每个碎片都包含着一个故事。
9.Computers are infinitely literal minded; they exercise no judgement , have no values.
计算机完全是按照指令进行操作的，它们既不能做出判断，也没有价值标准。
10.The paper said that foreign agents had infiltrated the then government and engineered the president’s overthrow.
报纸说外国的特务渗透到当时的政府中去并且策划了推翻总统的阴谋。
11.This is a consequence of allowing people to play a fulfilling role in the direction of their lives.
这是让人们在处理自己生活方面发挥有所作为的作用而产生的结果。
12.No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of the old generations back 45 years ago.
难怪许多老一辈的人见了它就会想起四五十年前的往事。
13.He left a note of welcome for me , as sunny as his face.
他留下一封短信，对我表示欢迎，那封信写得热情洋溢，一如其人。

二、增词法（2）
1.He wasn’t very old , scarcely ready for the responsibillities of a family , a little frightened by them .
他不算太大，还没有做好准备承担养家糊口的担子，甚至对这重担稍感恐慌。
2.But she too , was farm-bred , understood as well as will about the cattle. Winter was ahead---and the bady.
但是，她也是在乡村长大的，与威尔一样对牲畜有所了解。冬天快到了，孩子也快出世了。
3.In the evening , after the banquets , the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions , he would work on the drafting of the final communique.
晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后，他还记得起草最后的公报。
4.A new kind of aircraft—small , cheap , pilotless—is attracting increasing attention.
一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注意—这种飞机体积不大，价格便宜，无人驾驶。
5.He is a complicated man—moody ,mercuial,with melancholy streak.
他是一个复杂的人—情绪多变的，活泼的，也是性情忧郁的。
6.I was , and remain , grateful for the part he played in my release.
我的获释是他成全的，对此我过去很感激他，现在仍然很激动。
7.The Americans and the Japanese conducted a completely secret exchange of message.
美日双方是在完全保密的情况下互相交换信件的。
8.The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers,artificial satellites and rockets.
该论文总结了电子计算机、人造卫星和火箭三方面的新成就。
9.Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own .
从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训要好。
10.I can say to you , without any flattery , that the Chinese way of co-operation is more inventive and fruitful than others.
我可以对你说—我这样说没有任何奉承之意—中国的合作方式比别国的合作方式更有特色，更有成果。
11.He could understand a passive opposition from Kennedy loyalists , but an open one would have dire consequences.
他们了解到忠于肯尼迪的那些人在消极反对他，但是如果他们公开反对，那就会产生可怕的后果。
12.The information superhighaway is the merger of different technological breakthroughs made in the past 30 years.
信息高速公路是过去30年里各种不同的技术突破的结合体。
13.We don’t yield and we never have.
我们不屈服，我们从没有屈服过。
14.The utilization of garbage as fuel kills two birds with one stone—metting the shortage of energy and preventing environmental pollution.
利用垃圾做燃料起到了“一箭双雕”的作用：既可以补充能源的短缺，又可以防止环境污染。

三、重复法
1.The blow hurt not only his hands but his shoulder too.
这一下不仅震痛了他的手，也震痛了他的肩膀。
2.They covered the 19th century foreign intervention in China , Mao’s Long March in the mid-1930s , the French and American revolutions.
他们谈到19世纪外国对中国的干涉，谈到毛泽东在20世纪30年代中期的长征，还谈到法国革命和美国革命。
3.We talked of ourselves , of our prospects , of the journey , of weather , of each other—of everything but our host and hostess.
我们谈到自己，谈到前途，谈到旅程，谈到天气，谈到彼此的情况—谈到一切，只是不谈我们的男女主人。
4.He no longer dreamed of storms , nor of great occurrences , nor of great fish , nor fights , nor contests of strength.
他不再梦见风涛，不再梦见惊人的遭遇，也不再梦见大鱼、搏斗和角力。
5.They wanted to determine if he complied with the terms of his employmennt and his obligations as an American.
他们想要确定，他是否履行了受雇条件，是否履行了作为美国公民所应尽的职责。
6.But they did not show it and they spoke politely about the current and the depths they had drifted their lines at and the steady good weather and of what they had seen.
但是他们并没有把感情流露出来，只是斯斯文文地讲起海流，讲起他们把钓鱼线送进海水的深度，讲起好久不变的好天气，还讲起他们所看到的一切。
7.To him , the birds sang , the squirrel chattered and the flowers bloomed
鸟儿向他歌唱，松鼠对他叽咕，花儿也为他开放。
8.He sat there and watched them , so changelessly changing , so bright and dark , so grave and gay .
他坐在那儿注视着，觉得眼前的景象，既是始终如一，又是变化多端，既是光彩夺目，又是朦胧黑暗，既是庄严肃穆，又是轻松愉快。

四、省译法
1.He watched for a moment while Vicki stood , radiant , and allowed her new husband to escort her to the center of the floor .
他注视了一会，此时，维基站在那儿，光彩照人。随后在她新婚丈夫的陪伴下来到房屋的中央。
2.Throughout the day , I found myself saying things like , “Boys annd girls , if you arenit in your seats when the bell rings , you will not be permitted to leave.”
一整天我都在讲类似这样的话：“孩子们，如果下课铃响时你们不在座位上，我就不允许你们离开。”
3.Slowly now he returns his hat to his head. He finds his walking stick where it had fallen.He lifts his eyes reverently for a moment , and then , with a lordly , lumbering motion , walks down the street to meet the carriage.
慢慢地，他把帽子重新戴上，在原地拾起掉的手杖，充满敬意地仰视了一会儿，随后，高贵而沉重地沿街走到马车那儿。
4.But smoking slowly evolved from something I did because it was cool to something I did because my body craved the nicotine.
然而，吸烟慢慢地由我想酷而吸转变为对尼古丁的渴求而吸。
5.Slow and careful cooking of meat makes it more digestible and assists in the breaking down of the protein content by the body.
文火精心烹调可使肉易于消化，并有助于人体分解蛋白质。
6.Even as the doctor was recommending rest , he knew this in itself was not enough , that one could never get real rest without a peaceful mind.
尽管医生建议休息，但他知道休息本身是不够的，如果心情不平静，是休息不好的。
7.All those years in the military,where there were certain standards and rules；where young men treated their superiors with respect;where you gave an order and it was obeyed;where a uniform meant you were all on the same side.
多年来的军旅生涯，那里总是有一定的标准和规则；年轻人尊敬上级；发出命令，人人遵守；同样的制服就意味着站在同一边。
8.She went , with her neat figure , and her sober womanly step , down the dark street.
她顺着黑暗的街道走去，显出利落匀称的身材，迈着端庄的女人步伐。
9.He shrugged his shoulders , shook his head , cast up his eyes , but said nothing.
他耸耸肩，摇摇头，仰脸看天，一句话也不说。
10.If winter comes , can spriing be far away?
冬天来了，春天还会远吗？
11.If I had known it , I would not have joined in it .
早知如此，我就不来了。
12.As the temperature increases , the volume of water becomes greater.
温度升高，水的体积就增大。

五、正反、反正译法
1.She modeled between roles.
她在不演戏的时候就去当模特。
2.I told his lordship this was new doctring to me .
我对勋爵大人说，这种理论我从来没听说过。
3.The plan failed and for years he lost his political power.
计划失败了，因此他在政治上多年不得志。
4.It doesn’t take a great expert to deduce that this situation has engendered extraordinarily high unemployment.
一般人不难看出，这种局势导致特别高的失业率。
5.I felt so much at ease that I found myself speaking.
我竟轻松到禁不住说起话来。
6.Harry is always a deliberate man.
哈里总是慢条斯理，不慌不忙。
7.Asia was passed over by the industrial revolution.
工业革命没有光顾亚洲。
8.We hope that the day will come when they will renounce the effort to rule the world by the method of force.
我们希望将来有一天他们会不再企图用武力来统一世界。
9.Griffiths said government’s handling of the situation left very much to be desired .
克利菲斯说，政府对局势处理得很不好。
10.He has become understandably restless.
他已线路不安，这是不难理解的。
11.Anybody less like a dictator they would not find.
他们再也找不到比他更爱发号施令的人了。
12.Joan of Arc couldn’t have faced a less friendly jury.
就是当初圣女贞德所面临的陪审团也不会像这个陪审团如此充满敌意。
13.You could tell clearly from theiir faces that they were less than delighted to stay at the village.
他们的表情清楚地表明他们不乐意呆在村里。
14.We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style rather than a personal one .
我们通过学习知道，公函要以正式文体书写，而不是以私人信函的文体书写。
15.The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind .
科学研究的方法只不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式而已。
16.With the house and the garden and three children to look after , there isn’t any want of things to do, I can tell you.
操持家务，料理花园，还有照看3个 ，告诉你吧，要做的事情多着呢。
17.He meant to help , not doubt ,but in fact he has been a hindrance .
他的的确确是想帮忙的，可实际上却成了一个累赘。
18.When he asken me if I had ever stolen anything I was at a loss for words.
当他问我是否曾经偷过东西，我一时不知道该怎么办。
19.When Charles missed the last bus , he was at a loss as to what to do .
当查尔斯错过最后一班车时，他不知道该怎么办。
20.The professor is never at a nonplus , and never perplexed by a problem.
那位教授从未感到困惑，也没有被任何问题所难倒。
21.We didn’t come to an agreement because of their demands that were less than reasonable.
由于他们的要求不近情理，我们没能达成协议。
22.Soon the sky began to grow lighter and the shadows in the city less dark .
不久天空开始转白，城市中阴暗的地方也逐渐明朗起来。

六、被动语态的翻译
英语的被动语态可以用汉语中表示被动的词，如：“被、受、遭”等词语翻译；此外，在汉语中确实没有用被动语态翻译的必要，英语的被动句则可译成汉语的无主句或主动句。
1. At the end of the month he was fired for incompetence.
由于能力太差，到了月底他就被解雇了。
2.By the time the war entered its fourth year , the allied troops launched an extensive comeback; and the enemy forces were put on the defensive.
战争到了第四个年头，盟军部队开始了大规模的反攻，敌军被迫采取守势。
3.His argument was refuted down to the last point.
他的论点被驳得体无完肤。
4.George Washington is remembered as a great general , as one of the founders of the Republic , and as the first President of the United States.
乔治·华盛顿作为一个伟大的将军、共和国创始人之一和美国第一位总统而被永世不忘。
5.The speech of January 20,1992 has been called “one of the most brilliant as well as the most controversial speeches ever made by the Secretary.”
1992年1月20日的讲演曾被称为“国务卿历来所发表的一篇最卓越而又引起最多争议的讲话”。
6.So , after ten years ,the old leader had been called ousted by a woman!
就这样，这位老领袖在执教10年后，竟被一个女人赶下台。
7.But one hundred years later , the Negro is still not free. One hundred years later , the life of the Negro is still sadlyy crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination.
然而，100年过去了，黑人依旧没有获得自由，一百年过去了，黑人的生活仍然很悲惨，为种族隔离的镣铐和种族歧视的锁链所摧残。
8.Such conduct will be looked down upon by all with sense of decency.
这种行为将为所有具有良知的人所蔑视。
9.As soon as all the facts have been found out we can begin to formulate a theory .
一旦所有的事实为人们所发现，理论即可逐步形成。
10.Many congressmen desire to protect civil liberates . Almost all the members are considerably influenced by principles of this kind.
许多议员要求保护公民自由。差不多所有的议员都深受这类原则的影响。
11.He was carefully nursed by Carry’s mother.
他受到了嘉莉的母亲的细心护理。
12.In his early days Hitler was backed by powerful financial interests in Germany .
希特勒早年曾经受到德国很有势力的财团的支持。
13.If the expenditure is really necessary , the money can be found somehow.
如果开支确属必要，钱总会有办法筹集到。
14.This non-party attitude is most seen in closed meetings .
这种不分党派的态度，最常见于秘密会议中。
15.The Secretary was aware that the final decision must be held open for the President .
国务卿心中明白，最后的决定必须有总统来做。
16.Principles mean very little unless they are acted upon.
原则如果不加以执行那就没有什么意义了。
17.It is no use merely mentioning the fact in passing ; it need s to be driven home by emphasis and repetition .
将这一事实一带而过是无济于事的，需要强调、重复，充分地加以说明。
18.Mistakes must not be covered up. They must be exposed before you can correct them .
错误不应加以掩饰，而必须加以揭露，才能加以改正。
19.Illness must be correctly diagnosed before they can be treated with medicine .
疾病必须先有正确的诊断，才能用药物加以治疗。
20.New Zealand had no knowledge of this and had not been consulted on these reported plans .
新西兰对此事一无所知，也没有人同它商讨过这些已被报道过的计划。

七、同位语的翻译
1.Boston was made famous by Boston Tea Party , an accident in December ,1773 , in which three shiploads of tea were dumped into Boston harbor by citizens demonstrating against British tea tax policies.
波士顿是由于一七七三年十二月发生的波士顿倾茶事件而闻名的。那天，三船满载的茶叶被抗议英国茶叶税政策的示威群众一下子倒进了波士顿的海里。
2.The Mississippi River meets its head stream , the Missouri River , at St.Louis in the State of Missouri.