L-10-V-C-Idiom--Proverb.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,精选课件ppt,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,精选课件ppt,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,精选课件ppt,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,精选课件ppt,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,精选课件ppt,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,精选课件ppt,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,精选课件ppt,*,Lecture 10,Verbal Communication,1,精选课件ppt,Learning Objectives,By the end of this lecture,students should be able to:,1.understand the cultural reflections on idioms.,2.grasp the influence of culture on proverbs.,3.discuss the features of English idioms.,4.make a research on Chinese idioms.,5.study the differences of Chinese and English proverbs.,2,精选课件ppt,General introduction,Idioms,proverbs and sayings are an important part of the language and culture of a society.They are hard to understand,and harder to use correctly.The proper use in a language is often a mark of a persons command of the language.Speech or writing without them lacks color and is uninteresting,but overuse or improper use makes the language sound affected and unnatural.,3,精选课件ppt,Part One,Idiom,4,精选课件ppt,I.,Definition of idiom,An idiom is a fixed phrase with its own meaning which has to be learned.Idioms differ from ordinary phrases by their tendency to be frozen in form,and they must be entered into our mental dictionaries as single items.,5,精选课件ppt,II.Functions of idioms,English has a long history,it contains a large quantity of idioms,some are humorous,and others are serious.They are not,only concise and to the point,but also vivid and effective.,1.Idioms serve various functions:expression,interaction and understanding.,2.Idioms can give us insights into another nations language and culture.,6,精选课件ppt,III.Uses of idioms,When we use idioms,we shouldnt take the meaning literally or simply,or just translate it into ones own language without a thorough understanding.We must get deep insight from cultural perspective by analyzing various kinds of idioms.,7,精选课件ppt,IV.Scope of Idioms,Idioms can be single-word,or multiword;they include not only traditional idioms,ranging from phrases,sayings,slangs and proverbs,but also what is called habitual collocations.,Idioms are an important and indispensable part of the language.,8,精选课件ppt,V.Categorizations of idioms,Idioms can be divided into 3 groups:,1.,pure idiom,:is a type of conventionalized,non-literal multi-word expression,e.g.full of beans:be energetic,2.,semi-idiom,:has one or more literal constituents and at least one with a non-literal sub-sense.,e.g.foot the bill:pay the bill,3.,literal idiom:,:have the combined meanings of their constituents.,e.g.no pains,no gains.,9,精选课件ppt,VI.Features of idioms,1.An idiom must be well-established and accepted through common practice.In general,no element in the idiom can be changed without destroying the sense as a whole.,2.An idiom has an implied meaning.It cant be interpreted only according to its literal meaning.,10,精选课件ppt,VII.Practice,1.rain cats and dogs,2.put ones foot in his mouth,3.face the music,4.play the game,11,精选课件ppt,VII.Practice,1.rain cats and dogs,2.put ones foot in his mouth,3.face the music,4.play the game,12,精选课件ppt,VII.Practice,1.rain cats and dogs-rain very heavily,2.put ones foot in his mouths/put his,wallet in his coat-someone blunders by,saying something he shouldnt have done,3.face the music-realize the mistake;to,accept the,criticism,unpleasan,t,consequence.,4.play the game-to do something in a fair,and honorable way.,13,精选课件ppt,Part Two,English and Chinese Idioms,14,精选课件ppt,I.English Idioms,English idiom includes:,1.,idiomatic phrases,which has 3 kinds:,(1)phraseological collocation:e.g.as busy as a bee,(2)phraseological unity:,e.g.to wash ones dirty linen in public,家丑外扬,(3)phraseological fusion:,e.g.(to make)a mountain out of a molehill,小题大做,2.,proverbial sayings,:e.g.Union is strength.,Look before you leap.,3.,slang expressions,:e.g.behind the eight ball,陷入困境,15,精选课件ppt,II.Chinese Idioms,Chinese idioms can be roughly divided into:,1.,成语,:,（,set phrases),狼吞虎咽,wolf down;,翻天覆地,earth-shaking,2.,俗语,:(common saying),这山望见那山高；一个巴掌拍不响,3.,谚语,：（,proverb,）良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行,4.,歇后语,：（,a two-part allegorical saying,）老鼠过街，人人喊打,擀面杖吹火，一窍不通（,know nothing about sth.,）,5.,粗俗语,:(vulgar expression),兔崽子：,son of bitch,16,精选课件ppt,III.Translating Idioms,English Translation,Chinese idioms,lick somebodys boots,sit at somebodys feet,have a big mouth,a piece of cake,carry coals to Newcastle,at sixes and sevens,the pot calling the kettle,Dutch courage,build castles in Spain,the kiss of death,17,精选课件ppt,III.Translating Idioms,English Translation,Chinese idioms,lick somebodys boots,溜须拍马,sit at somebodys feet,寄人篱下、甘拜下风,have a big mouth,夸夸其谈,a piece of cake,小菜一碟,carry coals to Newcastle,画蛇添足,at sixes and sevens,乱七八糟,the pot calling the kettle,五十步笑百步,Dutch courage,酒后之勇,build castles in Spain,空中楼阁,the kiss of death,帮倒忙,18,精选课件ppt,III.Translating Idioms,19,精选课件ppt,III.Translating Idioms,Chinese idioms,English Translation,button/zip ones lips,draw in ones horn,much cry and little wool,look for a needle in hay stack,at ones wit,besieged in all sides,Tom,Dick and Harry/the man in the street,seek help at last moment,The more illumination,the more temptation,When God has his church,the devil will have his chapel,20,精选课件ppt,III.Translating Idioms,Chinese idioms,English Translation,守口如瓶,button/zip ones lips,打退堂鼓,draw in ones horn,雷声大雨点小,much cry and little wool,大海捞针,look for a needle in hay stack,黔驴技穷,at ones wit,四面楚歌,besieged in all sides,张三李四,Tom,Dick and Harry/the man in the street,临时抱佛脚,seek help at last moment,道高一尺魔高一丈,The more illumination,the more temptation,When God has his church,the devil will have his chapel,21,精选课件ppt,III.Translating Idioms,22,精选课件ppt,IV.Idioms from the Bible,Idioms Drawn from the Bible,Chinese Translation,An eye for an eye,以眼还眼,e.g.The death penalty for murder works on the principle of(an eye for an eye),=its right to give sb.A punishment that is as the offence he has committed,Hide ones light under a bushel,不露锋芒,e.g.The clerk was a clever mathematician but was content to(hide his light under a bushel).,=hide ones talents,abilities or good qualities because of modesty,After ones own heart,正合适宜,e.g.I enjoy a glass of beer in the evening.You are a man(after my own heart).,=of exactly the type that one likes or understands best;sharing ones tastes,Stills small voice,良心呼唤,e.g.Toward the end of the meeting people became very angry and the(still small voice)of reason was completely lost in the general excitement.,=a persons sense of right and wrong,Lion in the way,拦路虎,e.g.Once his mind accepted the false fact that there was(a lion in the way)he would do everything badly.,=difficulty or something dangerous that prevents sb.From moving forward,23,精选课件ppt,IV.Idioms from the Bible,Idioms Drawn from the Bible,Chinese Translation,By the skin of ones teeth,侥幸,e.g.We drove to the station at full speed and caught the train by(the skin of our teeth.),=only just,Cast/throw pearls before swine,对牛弹琴,She read them Shakespeare,but it was(castling pearls before swine.),=to give or offer valuable,A fly in the ointment,美中不足,The new clerk was a clever mathematician but was content,to(hide his light under the bushel.),=a person or thing that spoils an otherwise satisfactory situation or occasion,Wash ones hands,撒手不管,e.g.“Well”said the Master“If you wont listen to what I said,I must(wash my hands)of you and your examination chances.”,=to refuse to be responsible for or involve with sb.or something,The salt of the earth,社会中间分子,e.g.It may well be doubted whether some of the bodies that exist for the purpose of improving society are actually(the salt of the earth.),=the finest citizen;person with very high qualities,24,精选课件ppt,V.Animal and Idioms,Many animals are often associated with certain qualities in both cultures.,They have become a kind of symbolism in peoples thinking and this symbolism is reflected in the language.But because of different history and culture,the connotations of animal words in one language dont necessarily coincide with those in another.Lets talk about the connotation of the animal words.,25,精选课件ppt,Animal words,English,Chinese,Fox,Clever,cunning,sly 100%,Clever,cunning,sly94%,Swan,Graceful,noble 80%,Graceful,noble 80%,Snake,Harmful,useful,slithery54%,Harmful,useful,slithery72%,Duck,Stupid40%,ugly24%,Stupid,ugly 50%,26,精选课件ppt,Animal words,English,Chinese,Peacock,Conceit 40%,Beautiful 38%,Dog,Friendly 88%,Faithful 38%,Rabbit,Attractive 24%,Insecure32%.Timid,meek,Chicken,Timid 68%,Low class postitute32%,Rat,Small,lovely,60%,Bad,timid,40%,27,精选课件ppt,Tiger,Ferocious 62%,Dignified36%,Lion,Dignified,royal,88%,animals king,Ferocious 66%,Pig,Dirty52%,Greedy21%,Lazy 48%,stupid22%,Ox,Devoted,hardworking84%,Horse,Devoted,74%Hardworking,28,精选课件ppt,Tiger,Ferocious 62%,Dignified36%,Magpie,Gossipy 30%,Auspicious 98%,Crow,Destructed 40%,Evil,dead 92%,Owl,Wisdom 80%,Evil,dark 22%,Dragon,Fierous18%,masterious16%,scared 8%,Auspicious26%,dignified18%,powerful 10%,29,精选课件ppt,V.Animal and Idioms,Chinese,English,落汤鸡,A drowned rat,瓮中之鳖,Rat in a hole,胆小如鼠,As timid as rabbit,蠢如猪,As stupid as goose,像蜜蜂勤劳,As industrious as ant,热锅蚂蚁,A cat on hot tin roof,老虎屁股摸不得,One shouldnt twist lions tail.,深入虎穴,Beard the lion in his den,狐假虎威,Donkey in a lions hide,非驴非马,Neither fish nor fowl,吹牛,Talk horse,像黄牛勤劳,As hardworking as a horse,害群之马,A black sheep,30,精选课件ppt,V.Animal and Idioms,公鸭嗓子,As hoarse as a crow,叽咋麻雀,As talkative as magpie,宁为鸡头，不为牛后,Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion,赶鸭子上架,Teach a pig to play on a flute,爱屋及乌,Love me,love my dog.,对牛弹琴,Cast peals before swine.,呆若木鸡,Dumbstruck to the ground,鼠目寸光,Short-sighted,狼吞虎咽,Make a lions meal of,蜻蜓点水,Scratch the surface,替罪羔羊,A scapegoat,驴唇不对马嘴,Out in the left field,鹤立鸡群,Tower above,一丘之貉,birds of the same feather,31,精选课件ppt,V.Animal and Idioms,1.Horse around:play nosily,2.Horse and horse:shoulder by shoulder,3.Horse and foot:do ones best,4.Chicken heart:timid,5.Chicken comes home to roast:receive the punishment,6.Cute chick:beautiful girl,7.Mother hen:careful,considerable mother,8.Rain dogs and cats:rain heavily,9.Cat-monkey trick:trick with benefits,10.Cats and dogs life”:miserable life,11.Queer cat,fat cat=person,12.Let the cat out of the bag:disclose the secret,32,精选课件ppt,III.Idioms with animals,13.Big dog,lucky dog,sly dog,top dog=person,14.Every dog has its day:every person will succeed some day.,15.To help a lame dog over the stile.To help the person in the difficulty,16.Dog-eat-dog:person eats person,cruel world,17.Dogs breakfast:awful breakfast,18.Let sleep dog lie:not to disturb others.,19.Love me,love my dog.Love me all,20.Sheep and goat:good person and bad person,21.Sheeps eyes:dancing eyes,33,精选课件ppt,V.Animal and Idioms,I.Fill in the blanks with suitable animal words,1.as busy as _ 7.as happy as_,2.as cunning as _ 8.as foolish as_,3.as strong as_ 9.as stubborn as_,4.as slippery as_ 10.as wise as_,5.as blind as_ 11.as majestic as_,6.as meek as_ 12.as stupid as_,34,精选课件ppt,Keys,1.bee 2.fox 3.horse,4.eel,5.bat 6.lamb,7.lark 8.donkey 9.mule,10.owl 11.lion 12.goose,35,精选课件ppt,VI.Sports and Idioms,Idioms,Associated,sports,Meaning,Behind the eight ball,陷入困境,pool,Being blocked from making any further progress toward the goal of winning,Shoot from the hip,鲁莽行事,shooting,To make up explanations or excuses very rapidly without putting much real thought into what he/she is saying,Hand-to hand combats,针锋相对,Boxing,wrestling,To do something decisively and with flair,Slam dunk something,全力以赴,basketball,A difficult task as fighting hand-to-hand in warfare,Go for the jugular,犀利,Boxing,wrestling,To attack aggressively and without mercy,Right on target,击中要害,shooting,Apt and fair;exactly on schedule/exactly as predicted,No netter,完美无缺,basketball,Something done perfectly beyond belief,A straight shooter,直言不讳,shooting,Honest and frank in ones talk,36,精选课件ppt,Twist sbs arm,Boxing and wrestling,To examination something quite critically,Strike a low blow,打一拳,Boxing and wrestling,A point make in an argument that is decisive/unanswered,A knockout punch,引人入目,Shooting,can actually accomplish something rather than speaking theoretically,Stand up for a few punches,经得起批评,Boxing and wrestling,To withstand criticism and go ahead with ones work,Shoot ones mouth off,胡言乱语,Shooting,To brag about something one cant really take credit for,or make unjustified criticism,Shoot with real bullets,言行一致,Shooting,To speak from practical experience and can actually accomplish something rather than speaking theoretically,Take aim at something,仔细审视,shooting,To examine something quite critically,37,精选课件ppt,Part Three,Proverbs,38,精选课件ppt,General introduction,Proverbs may provide interesting glimpses or clues to a peoples geography,history,social organization,social views,etc.They can also show the similarities of human experiences and observations of both English and Chinese cultures.However,since culture is powerful in giving a language its characteristics,the dissimilarities are naturally more apparent.Chinese proverbs without commonly known English equivalents are too numerous.,39,精选课件ppt,I.Definition of Proverb,Proverbs are those popular short sayings containing words of advice or warning,they are an important part of the language and culture of a society.,40,精选课件ppt,II.Features of English Proverbs,Occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of two or more words in succession,.,(1)Practice makes perfect.,实践出真知,(2)Forewarned is forearmed.,凡事预则立,.,(3)Forgive or forget.,不念旧恶,(4)Spare the rod and spoil the child.,不打不成器,.,(5)A miss is as good as mile.,失之毫厘，谬以千里,(6)Waste not,want not.,不用不喊,(7)Manners make the man.,观其礼而知其人,1.Alliteration:,头韵,41,精选课件ppt,II.Features of English Proverbs,2.Rhyme,节奏,To put words together to form a rhyme(sameness of sound between words or syllables).,(1)Little strokes fell great oaks.,百里之堤，溃于蚁穴,(2)A little learning is a dangerous thing.,一知半解,(3)Haste makes waste.,欲速则不达。,(4)Health is better than wealth.,健康胜于财富,(5)Make a little makes a mickle.,积少成多,(6)What soberness conceals,drunkenness reveals.,酒后吐真言,(7)A hedge between keeps friendship.,君子之交淡如水,(8)Expectation is better than realization.,期待总比现实美。,(9)No pains,no gains.,没有付出，没有收获,42,精选课件ppt,II.Features of English Proverbs,3.Balanced structure,平衡,(1)In for a penny,in for a pound.,一不做二不休,(2)Art is long,life is short.,人生有涯艺无涯,(3)First come,first served.,先来先得,(4)Two is company,three is none.,两人成为伴，三人不结侣,(5)Like father,like son.,有其父必有其子,(6)Grasp all,lose all.,事事抓，事事松,(7)Full of courtesy,full craft.,口蜜腹剑,(8)God made the country,and man made the town.,上帝造乡村，人们造城镇,(9)You buy land,you buy stones;you buy meat,you buy bones.,买地带石头，买肉带骨头。,(,有用之物中总会包含无用之物。,),43,精选课件ppt,II.Features of English Proverbs,The effectiveness of proverbs relies on their brevity(briefness)and directness.Their images are vivid and taken from the events of everyday life.They are made memorable by the use of a number of devices such as alliteration as in“Look bef