过去分词用法.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,现在分词,形式,过去分词,形式,一般式,doing,done,完成式,having done,having been done,现在分词,:,表示动作是主动的和正在进行,过去分词,:,表示动作是被动的和完成,分词在句中可以作,表语,、,定语,、,宾语补足语和状语,。,分词的时态,:,-ing/-ed+,主句,（不强调动作先后）,;,Having done,Having been done,e.g.,1.,Used,as a means of traffic in China,the bike is very useful.,2.,Having been used,for many years,the bike needs repairing.,More,exercises,+,主句,（强调时间先后）,1)The president promised to keep all the board members_(inform)of how the negotiations were going on,2)_(be)there more than once,the old professor offered to show us around the newly-built library.,3)_(invite)to go to camping,Paul ordered a new sleeping bag,4)_(not know),his telephone number,she lost touch with him.,informed,Having been,Having been invited,Not knowing,分词的逻辑主语,:,分词的,逻辑主语,一般为,_,但当分词的动作执行者和句子的动作执行者,不一致,时，分词前必须有自己的主语，,e.g.,If weather permits,we will have a field trip.,Weather permitting,we,ll have a field trip tomorrow,这被称为,_,。,时间允许,我们将在去杭州的路上顺道看一下我叔叔,.,Time permitting,we will visit my uncle on my way to Hangzhou.,主句的主语,分词的独立结构,*但有些分词作状语属,习惯用法,，分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语可以不一致。,如：,Judging from,the expression on his face,he had failed the driving test again,Generally speaking,girls are more careful than boys.,类似的还有,:,Speaking of,Talking of,I.Past participle used as attributes,（定语）,1.位置,:,单个分词位于名词前，短语则在名词后,被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑,主语,。,The stolen car,was found by the police last week.,The speaker answered all the questions,raised by the audience,.,(1),只表完成,In autumn,_ can be seen everywhere.,落叶,My grandpa is _.,一名退休的工人,America belongs to _.,发达国家,The police are looking for _.,一个迷路的孩子,2),只表被动,The people,seated in front of the meeting room,are VIPS,3),表被动完成,Measures should be taken to clean _.,被污染的河流,There is _ on the ground.,一个摔破的花瓶,fallen leaves,a retired worker,developed countries,a lost boy,the polluted rivers,a broken flower vase,2.作用,-,相当于一个定语从句,（,2,）,The book,written in1957,tells the struggle of the miners.,=Is there anything,that has been planned for tonight,?,（,1,）,Is there anything,planned for tonight,？,=The book,which was written in 1957,tells the struggle of the miners.,注：,The problem,（,discussed yesterday,）,has something to do with daily life.,（表示完成）,The problem,（,being discussed now,）,has nothing to do with daily life.,（表示正在进行）,区别：,to do/doing/done,作后置定语,The building _,last year,is our classroom building.,去年被建的,The building _,now,is our classroom building.,现在正在被建的,The building _,next month,is our classroom building.,下个月要建的,built,being built,to be built,II.Past participles used as predictive,（,表语）,1.过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态，,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,。,The window is,broken,.,The inner gate was,locked,.,She was greatly,excited,.,2.,与现在分词作表语的区别。,现在分词：主语的特征或性质，“令人,”,，有主动意思。,e.g.How,disappointing,the election is!,过去分词：主语的感受，“感到,”,，有被动意思。,e.g.They feel,disappointed,at the election.,常见的这类此有：,interest,ing,interest,ed,encourag,ing,encourag,ed,delight,ing,delight,ed,disappoint,ing,disappoint,ed,pleas,ing,pleas,ed,puzzl,ing,puzzl,ed,satisfy,ing,satisfi,ed,surpris,ing,surpris,ed,worry,ing,-worri,ed,Used as the predicative(,表语,),1.be,get,feel,remain,seem,look,become,.+V-PP,When I got to the classroom,the door was broken.,When we heard of the news,we were surprised.,2.get+,过去分词 常表示某人或某物的客观遭遇，往往表示一种突然的或未曾料到的偶发事件或事故。,Her car got stolen at the weekend.,He got killed when he was crossing the road.,He got trapped in the fire.,He got hurt in the leg when he fell down from the tree.,III.Past participle used as the Object Complement (,宾语补足语,),1.,表“希望，要求”的动词：,want,wish,expect,wish,like,order,+(to be)done,表示“希望,/,要求某人或某事被,”,e.g.I want the work,(to be)finished,by Sunday.,Jim ordered the room,(to be)cleaned,.,2.,表“感觉，心理状态”的动词：,see,hear,find,feel,think,watch,notice,+object(,宾语,)+p.p.,e.g.We saw the thief,caught by the police,.,People found the water,polluted,.,Have you heard a pop song,sung in Japanese,?,过去分词,不定式,现在分词作宾补的,区别,:,三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系，,但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系，,不带,to,的不定式强调动作发生的全过程，,现在分词强调他们之间的主动关系，正在,进行。,I saw her,come,into the classroom.,I saw her,coming,into the classroom.,I saw her,taken out of,the classroom.,3.,使役动词,:,make,get,have,keep,leave,etc.,e.g.We must,get,the table cloth,washed,.,=We must ask somebody to wash the table cloth.,He,had,his watch,repaired,.,4.,在“,with/without,宾语宾补,(,过去分词,)”,这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。,e.g.Do you know the man with his hair,tied,back?,IV.Past participle used as the Adverbial(,状语,),过去分词作状语相当于状语从句。,e.g.1.Asked why he didnt do it,he began to cry.,过去分词作,时间状语,相当于时间状语从句,(When he was)asked why he didnt do it,he began to cry.,e.g.2.Given more time,Ill catch up with you.,过去分词作,条件状语,相当于条件状语从句,(If I am)given more time,Ill catch up with you.,e.g.3.Born and brought up in the village,he knows a lot of people there.,过去分词作,原因状语,相当于原因状语从句,(Because he was)born and brought up in the village,he knows a lot of people there.,e.g.4.Defeated many times,they continue to fight.,过去分词作,让步状语,相当于让步状语从句,(Although they had been)defeated many times,they continued to fight.,e.g.5.The teacher entered the classroom,followed by a group of students.,表示方式和伴随情况,时可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。,The teacher entered the classroom,(,and he was followed)by a group of student.,注意,：（,1,）,过去分词作状语时,为了使意义更加明确,也可以在,pp.,前加上对应的连词,when,as,if,等等,.,4.,Although defeated,many times,they continue to fight.,3.,As/Because born and brought up,in the village,he knows a lot of people there.,2.,If given,more time,Ill catch up with you.,1.,When asked,why he didnt do it,he began to cry.,注意：带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语,+be,的相应变化形式,.,注意,with+,宾语,+,过去分词,The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied behind his back,.,.,方式,With water heated,we can see the steam.,条件,With problems solved,we all went home.,原因,She stood in front of him,with her eyes fixed on his face.,伴随,He stood for an instant,with his hand raised.,伴随,注意：,1,）现在分词与过去分词作状语时的区别,_London(,夜里参观伦敦,),at night,you are a bit like in a dream.,_(,当有人夜里来访,)at night,you must make sure the visitor really your friend.,When visiting,When visited,选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。,_(,写完了所有,的信之后,),，,I had a drink and went out.,Having finished all my letters,_(,信写完之后,),，,the letter should,be read to the one who asks you to write it.,Finished,从山顶看，我们能看到一个美丽的公园。,从山顶看，公园很美丽。,Seeing from,the top of the hill,we can see a,beautiful park.,Seen from,the top of the hill,the park is beautiful.,_ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.(lose),_ in white,she looks more beautiful.(dress),be lost in,；,be dressed in,；,be interested in,；,be devoted to,；,be supposed to,；,be caught in the rain,；,be seated in,；,be prepared for,；,be determined to,Lost,2.,系表结构表示主语所处的状态,Dressed,类似的还有：,generally speaking,一般说来,given,鉴于,judging from/by,根据,来看,considering,考虑到,supposing that,假如,talking of,说到,seeing(that),鉴于，由于,有些固定用法：,用非谓语结构完成句子,专题三,新题预测,1,_ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.(remain),吉姆是否适合打决赛还有待观察。,1,It remains to be seen,考查主语从句,句型,sth remains to be done.,某事留待被做,.,专题三,新题预测,2,_,，,the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.(bite),被咬了两次，邮递员拒绝给我们送信了，除非我们把狗锁起来。,2,Bitten twice,过去分词作状语,“,咬,”,和逻辑主语,postman,之间是被动关系,专题三,新题预测,3,The old lady is said to have three children,，,two of them _.(study),这位老太太有三个孩子，其中两个在国外学习。,3,studying abroad,独立主格结构,study,和逻辑主语,two of them,之间是主动关系,专题三,新题预测,4,My daughter was badly hurt in the accident.I really regretted _ from school yesterday.(pick),我的女儿在事故中严重受伤。我很后悔昨天没有开车去学校接她。,4,not having picked her up/not picking her up,考查,regret doing/regret having done sth,对过去的事情表示后悔,专题三,新题预测,5,Misunderstandings arising from lack of social communication,，,unless _,，,may lead to serious problems.(handle),因缺少社会沟通而产生的误解如果不妥善处理的话很可能会导致严重的问题。,5,handled properly,过去分词作状语,“,误解,”,是被处理,专题三,新题预测,6,When she noticed the teacher _,，,she lowered her head in shame.(stare),当她注意到老师正盯着她的时候，她羞愧地低下了头。,6,staring at her,考查,notice sb doing sth,动名词短语作宾语补足语,专题三,新题预测,7,Every year one million tourists visit Stonehenge,which is believed _ before the Pyramids,about 4000 years ago.(construct),每年都有上百万的人参观巨石阵，它被认为是修建于比金字塔更早的四千年前。,7,to have been constructed,考查不定式的用法,build,动作发生在,believe,之前,且表示被动,所以用,to have been done.,专题三,新题预测,8.The mudslide is reported _ more than 1400 lives in Zhouqu County.(claim),据报道，发生在舟曲县的塌方已夺去了,1400,多人的生命。,8,to have claimed,不定式动作发生在主句,report,之前,不定式用完成时形式,在这里,claim,主动夺去,专题三,新题预测,9,The mine explosion in Heilongjiang Province caused 104 deaths,with four other miners still _.(trap),黑龙江省的煤矿爆炸导致了,104,人死亡，仍有,4,名矿工被困地下。,9,trapped underground,考查,with,符合结构,with sb/sth done,done,表被动,人被困在地下,得出答案,.,专题三,新题预测,10,To every one of us,_ is a great honor.(admit),对于我们中的每一个人来说，被北大录取是极大的荣幸。,10,being admitted to/into Beijing University,考查动名词短语作主语,.Be admitted to sth,表示被录取,专题三,新题预测,11,At Beijing Olympic Opening Chinese families sat in front of TV and watched the ceremony,，,_,(feel),在北京奥运会开幕式的时候,中国许多家庭坐在电视前观看这一庆典,感到非常自豪,.,11,feeling very proud,分词短语作伴随状语,和逻辑主语是主动关系,.,专题三,新题预测,12,The kid was so proud of his work that he was just sitting there with _ waiting for praise from his teacher.(cross),这个孩子因为他的作品感到如此的自豪,他就坐在那里,翘着二郎腿,等着老师表扬他,.,12,his legs crossed,考查,with,符合结构,.,注意,leg,和,cross(,重叠,),之间是被动关系,.,专题三,新题预测,13,The catastrophe _(,呈现出来的,)in the movie 2012 is so striking that it takes away the breath of audience.(present),在影片,2012,中所呈现出来的灾难是如此的震撼,使观众感到如此的惊叹,.,13.(which/that is)presented,考查定语从句 灾难是被呈现 出来,.,专题三,新题预测,14,The hottest topic of this week _ on newspapers and TV programs is Wall Street financial crisis and what the White House is going to do with it.(talk),在报纸和电视节目中,本周正在谈论的最热门话题是华尔街的金融危机和白宫将会如何应对,.,14,being talked about/that is being talked about,考查定语从句,非谓语,being done,表示进行时的被动态形式,专题三,新题预测,15,I also remember _the moon cycle and that crafters or magic users will be affected by those moon cycles.(tell),我也记得听说过月亮周期和那些巫师会受到这样的月亮周期的影响,.,15,being told about,考查,remember doing/being done,听说是被告诉,.,专题三,新题预测,16,A new school is announced _in this city,but I dont know when the project will be put into practice.(build),一个新学校据说要在这座城市修建,但是我不知道何时这个工程将会实施,.,16.to be built,不定式用法,将要被做,用,to be done,形式,.,专题三,新题预测,17,Im going to Wuhan.Do you have anything _there,？,(take),我要去武汉了,你有什么东西要带去那里吗,?,17,to be taken,不定式的逻辑主语是,anything,不是,you,因此东西是被带去,.,专题三,新题预测,18,The sports meet,originally due_ last Friday,was finally called off because of the bad weather.(hold),运动会,原计划于上周五举行,最终因为糟糕的天气而取消,.,18,to be held,考查不定式被动态,将被举行,.,专题三,新题预测,19._ her mother,she is not beautiful in appearance.(resemble),不像她的母亲,在外型上,她不是很漂亮,.,19,Not resembling,分词短语作状语 并且是否定形式,.,专题三,新题预测,20,Not _,，,Tom knew nothing about its tragic ending.(finish),没有看完那本小说,Tom,对它的悲剧的结尾一无所知,.,20,having finished reading the novel,考查分词的完成形式,表示状语里面的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前,.,1.The program was so fascinating that the,children,kept _.(fix),节目太吸引人了，以至于孩子们目不转睛地盯着屏幕。,2.When I turned to the person,_,I recognized that he was my former schoolmate,。,(seat),当我转向那个坐在我旁边的人的时候，我认出来他就是我以前的同学。,3.The living room is clean and tidy,with a dining table _to be cooked.(lay),起居室干净整洁，餐桌都摆好了，准备放要做好的饭。,4.Ill have _ by the end of this term if my plan goes well.(completed),如果我的计划进展顺利的话，在这个学期末之前我就可以全部完成任务了。,their eyes fixed on the screen,already laid,for,a meal,(who was)seated next to me,all of the task completed,5._,the report is full of mistakes.How can it be satisfactory?(write),这个报告写得匆忙，上面满是错误。这个怎么能让人满意呢？,6.Jackson knew he would surely _ if he went to work late,again.(get),杰克逊知道如果他又工作到很晚，他一定会被骂的。,7._ the concert,he didnt mind standing in a queue all night.(determine),一心要买到这个音乐会的座位，他不介意一整晚排队。,written in a,hurry/hurriedly,get shouted,at/scolded,Determined to get a seat for,9.Many things _ in the past are common today.(consider),许多过去认为是不可能的事，现在很常见。,10.The old man went into the room,_ his wife and son.(suppo,那个老人在他的妻子和儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。,11.Children above 12 are able to take part in skiing or other activities_.,(design),12,岁以上的孩子能参加滑雪或者其他为他们设计的活动。,12.Most of the artists _ came all the way from South Africa.(invite),绝大多数受邀参加晚会的艺术家都是从南非远道而来的。,(,that/which were)considered(to be)impossible,supported by,(that/which were)designed for them,(who/that were)invited to the party,13._,the Vitamin C in the vegetables will be destroyed.(cook),烹调时间过长，蔬菜中的维他命,C,就会被破坏掉。,14._,he didnt hear me.(absorb),他因为专心于看书，所以没听到我叫他。,15._,she stood out in the crowd.(dress),因为穿着红色的衣服，所以她在人群中很显眼。,Cooked too long/When/If(its)cooked too long,Absorbed in reading,Dressed in red,