专题10：完形填空微技能大全(解析版)(新高考专用).docx

►专题10 完形填空微技能大全
考点难点精讲

【完形填空微技能】
技巧1 词汇复现 
词汇复现考点是完形填空的重要命题手段。词汇复现包括原词复现、同义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现以及结构复现等，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。

1.【2022·新高考I卷】
My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our memories are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we ___22___ along Chalk Creek.
22. A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled
22. A考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我们沿着白垩溪露营。A. camped露营；B. drove开车；C. walked散步；D. cycled骑自行车。根据上文“My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.”可知，此处指作者与家人一起在溪边露营。故选A。
提醒：camping ---camped同一词复现

2. 【2022·新高考I卷】
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we headed off, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly interrupted our peaceful morning trip. The ___29___ picked up and thunder rolled.
29. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed
29. A考查名词词义辨析。句意：狂风大作，雷声隆隆。A. wind风；B. noise噪音；C. temperature温度；D. speed速度。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指大风刮了起来。故选A。
提醒：storms--wind同义词复现

3. 【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】
It might sound like one long, expensive vacation , but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel ___23___ .
23．A．safe B．busy C．helpful D．affordable
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。A. safe安全的；B. busy忙碌的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. affordable买的起的。对应上文“It might sound like one long, expensive”指听起来昂贵，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。故选D。
提醒：expensive--affordable反义词复现

4. 【2022·全国甲】
When I first dated Steve, I learned he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was thrilled that he was an animal lover, I worried that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack ___46___ , the cat.
46. A. Flora B. Chance C. Molly D. Tilly
46. A虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。根据上文的“he had a dog, Molly, and a car, Flora (他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫)”可知，此处指作者担心自己的狗可能会攻击史蒂夫的猫Flora。故选A。
提醒：Flora--Flora同一词复现

技巧2 瞻前顾后揣摩语境

众所周知，完形填空的命题不是“天马行空”，更不是“独来独往”，所以正确领会和下文情节的发展发生这样或那样的关系，这就成为寻找正确项的根据。因此，考生需要“顾及”空后的相关信息，从而做出正确的选择。

1.【2022·新高考I】My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our ___21___ are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little.
21. A. ideas B. jokes C. memories D. discoveries
21. C考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的一些记忆很有趣，尤其是在早些年我们的孩子很小的时候。A. ideas想法；B. jokes笑话；C. memories记忆；D. discoveries发现。根据上文“have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years”以及下文“especially from the early years when our children were little”可推知，此处指作者认为自己与家人一起冒险的一些记忆是有趣的。故选C。
2.【2022·新高考I】 I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was ___24___, and his crying let the whole campground know it.
24. A. unhurt B. unfortunate C. uncomfortable D. unafraid
24. C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很不舒服，他的哭声让整个营地都知道了这一点。A. unhurt未受伤的；B. unfortunate不幸的；C. uncomfortable不舒服的；D. unafraid无所畏惧的。根据上文“I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.”以及下文“his crying let the whole campground know it”可推知，此处指孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒服，所以才会哭。故选C。
3.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this 25-year-old is doing it ___21___ . She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore.
21．A．indoors B．online C．single-handed D．full-time
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与他们中的大多数人不同，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。A. indoors室内；B. online在线的；C. single-handed单手的；D. full-time全职的。根据后文“She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore.(在过去的两年里，她和她的丈夫周游世界，从巴黎到新加坡都在这里停留)”可知，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。故选D。
4.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Throughout their no-cost stays in ___25___ homes, they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s ___26___ .
25．A．strangers’ B．parents’ C．co-workers’ D．neighbors’
26．A．favor B．defense C．honor D．absence
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. strangers’陌生人的；B. parents’父母的；C. co-workers’同事的；D. neighbors’邻居的。根据上文可知他们在环球旅行，所以是住在陌生人的家里。故选A。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. favor帮助；B. defense防御；C. honor荣誉；D. absence缺席。根据上文“they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s”指在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。故选D。
5.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】But house sitting also offers a level of ___29___ they can’t find in a hotel. “It’s like staying at a friend’s house,” Jessica says.
29．A．support B．comfort C．control D．attention
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。A. support支持；B. comfort舒适，安慰；C. control控制；D. attention注意力。结合后文提到像住在朋友家，可见照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。故选B。

技巧3 根据词语惯用法和固定搭配作答 
完形填空习惯搭配考点是高考中的必考点。习惯搭配考点是完形填空的重要命题手段，每年高考都考。命题形式以动词搭配为主兼顾其他词类及短语。所谓前后搭配主要是指动词(名词、形容词等)与介词的搭配、动词与其宾语的搭配、句式结构和各种习惯搭配。在解答完形填空题时，充分考虑这些搭配关系，有助于我们做出正确选择。

1. 【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ】But house sitting also offers a level of comfort they can’t find in a hotel. “It’s like ____30____ at a friend’s house,” Jessica says.
30．A．cooking B．staying C．waiting D．studying
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这就像住在朋友家一样，”Jessica说。A. cooking烹饪；B. staying停留；C. waiting等待；D. studying学习。根据后文“at a friend’s house”指像呆在朋友家，应用stay at。故选B。
【提醒】这里重点不是考查动词的辨析，而是借助短语、语境判断选择正确的选项。动介短语stay at

2.【2022·全国高考乙】Their ___36___ to the questions reflected their true belief that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply ___38___ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard.
36. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity
38. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up
36. A考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. responses回答；B. approaches方法；C. contribution贡献；D. sensitivity敏感性。根据下文“to the questions”可知，此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A项。
38. C考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back阻止；B. relate to有关联；C. insist on坚持；D. make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C项。
【提醒】36 response to the questions名词和介词的固定搭配。意为：对这些问题的回答的反映。 37 insist on动介短语
3.【2021·英语全国甲卷】That's when things went 29 “I remember walking down the long hall and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter of apology to the 4-star hotel. "The seagulls immediately went wild. They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 33 at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down, It was a real mess.
29．A．far B．funny C．wrong D．blind
33．A．wake up B．get out C．take off D．break in
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事情就在这时出了问题。A. far远的；B. funny有趣的；C. wrong失常的；D. blind盲目的。此处go wrong是固定搭配，意为：出问题。故选C。
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：它们冲到窗口，30或40只鸟都想同时出去，到处都是意大利香肠。A. wake up醒来；B. get out出去；C. take off起飞；D. break in闯入。根据“They rushed to the window”及生活常识可知，鸟看到人类很害怕，想同时从窗户逃出去。故选B。

技巧4  根据行文逻辑
完形填空行文逻辑境考点是高考中的必考点。行文逻辑考点是完形填空的重要命题手段，每年高考都考。
答题时，要树立起语篇概念，理清其结构布局， 明辨句子之间以及段落之间的关系，利用句与句、句群与句群之间的逻辑关系解题。句子之间的逻辑关系主要包括：并列关系(连接词有and，while等)；转折关系(连接词有but，however，whereas，nevertheless等)；因果关系(连接词有so，therefore，thus，because, for，since，as等)；让步关系(连接词或短语有though，although，despite, in spite of等)；条件关系(连接词或短语有if，unless, once，provided that，in case of等)；解释关系(连接词或短语有i.e.，that is to say, in other words等)；顺序关系(连接词有before，after，and，first，second，then，next, finally等)。
1.【2022·新高考I卷】Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we headed off, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly ___28___ our peaceful morning trip.
28. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded
28. B考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. arranged安排；B. interrupted中断；C. completed完成；D. recorded记录。根据上文“but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly”以及下文“our peaceful morning trips”可推知，此处指风暴来临，作者的旅行被迫中断了。故选B。【提醒】but转折关系为我们提供了做题的依据。

2.【2022·全国甲卷】When I first dated Steve, I learned he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was thrilled that he was an animal lover, I worried that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack ___46___ , the cat.
46. A. Flora B. Chance C. Molly D. Tilly
46. A虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。根据上文的“he had a dog, Molly, and a car, Flora (他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫)”可知，此处指作者担心自己的狗可能会攻击史蒂夫的猫Flora。故选A。【提醒】此处Flora和the cat是同位关系。

3. 【2021·浙江省高考英语试卷】Everyone was so 20 and like-minded that it was very 21 to feel at home.
20．A．confident B．friendly C．energetic D．curious
21．A．funny B．good C．lucky D．easy
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A. confident自信的；B. friendly友好的；C. energetic活力的；D. curious好奇的。根据后文“and like-minded”可推断，作者感觉大家都很友好。故选B。同类关系
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A. funny搞笑的；B. good好的；C. lucky幸运的；D. easy容易的。根据 “that like-minded”和“feel at home”得知大家都很友好并且志趣相投，感觉到家的温暖很容易。故选D。同类关系

4. 【2020·山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】 A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds. 25 , the number of snakes had declined as well.
25．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise
25．考查副词词义辨析。句意:此外，蛇的数量也减少了。A. Besides此外，另外；B. However但是；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据as well可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且，它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A。并列关系

技巧5  根据常识及文化逻辑推理 
完形填空的语篇信息常交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识：有些选项的设置与文化背景有关，这就要求考生有较宽的知识面，同时具备一定的文化意识，特别要有对英语国家文化的敏感性和鉴别力，只有这样才能既快又准确地解题。
1.【2022·新高考I卷】We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there ____32____, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed (拖) us back. We were safe.
32. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly
32. D考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们无助地坐在那里时，一个渔夫停了下来，扔给我们一根绳子并把我们拖了回来。A. patiently耐心地；B. tirelessly不知疲倦地；C. doubtfully怀疑地；D. helplessly无助地。根据上文“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可推知，此处指在天气恶劣的情况下船无法启动了，作者与家人十分无助地坐着。故选D。
2.【2022·新高考I卷】The ___29___ picked up and thunder rolled.
29. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed
29. A考查名词词义辨析。句意：狂风大作，雷声隆隆。A. wind风；B. noise噪音；C. temperature温度；D. speed速度。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指大风刮了起来。故选A。
3.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ】Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this 25-year-old is doing it full-time. She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore. It might sound like one long, expensive ___22___ , but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel affordable.
22．A．game B．service C．vacation D．procedure
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。A. game游戏；B. service服务；C. vacation假期；D. procedure手续。结合上文可知Jessica在环球旅行，所以是假期。故选C。
【提示】25岁进行为期2年的旅行，根据常识应该是度假。不然25岁的年轻人要工作。
4.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ】They’re part of a new form of the sharing economy: an online group of house sitters. Throughout their no-cost stays in strangers’ homes, they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s ___26___ .
26．A．favor B．defense C．honor D．absence
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. favor帮助；B. defense防御；C. honor荣誉；D. absence缺席。根据上文“they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s”指在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。故选D。
【提示】根据常识，只有主人不在家时，才能给他们浇花、为宠物。故选absence。
5.【2022·全国甲卷】For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their ___41___ was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay.
41. A. ownership B. membership C. companionship D. leadership
41. C它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。A. ownership所有权；B. membership会员；C. companionship陪伴；D. leadership领导。根据上文中的“For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. 多年来，我喜欢和我的狗Tilly和Chance生活在一起，可知，狗狗陪伴着作者，让作者远离孤独。故选C。
【提示】养狗作伴远离孤独是常识。

_____
优选真题演练

1.【广东省广州市2021-2022学年高三上学期12月调研测试】Farm animal 23 can be economically disastrous for these often poor farmers, and their fight-back killings in response is a major cause of population decline in large cats.
23．A．losses B．shortages C．products D．diseases
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：农场动物的损失对这些通常贫穷的农民来说可能是经济上的灾难，而它们的反击杀戮是大型猫科动物数量下降的主要原因。A. losses损失；B. shortages不足；C. products产品；D. diseases疾病。根据后文“But what if there were a simple thing farmers could do to cut their losses?”（但如果有一件简单的事情可以让农民减少损失呢？）“losses”原词重现。故选A。

2.【2022·河北省沧州市普通高中高三上学期12月教学质量监测】After caring for Isla for several months, they started the 23 of adoption. The Moodys submitted adoption paperwork. However, before they could complete the procedure, Florida courts closed because of COVID-19. Court closures left the Moodys unable to complete Isla’s adoption.
23．A．organization B．process C．topic D．business
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在照顾了艾拉几个月之后，他们开始了收养的过程。A. organization组织；B. process过程；C. topic话题；D. business商业。由后文的“the procedure”可知，他们开始了收养的过程，故选B。

3.【2022·河北省邯郸市高三上学期期末】The tornado dropped Shuttlesworth about 20 feet away, but the dog had completely disappeared in the 48 . He lay on the ground with broken bones, looking up at the tornado.
48．A．darkness B．wind C．world D．city
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大约20英尺远的地方，龙卷风把Shuttlesworth丢了下来，但这只狗已经完全消失在风中。A. darkness黑暗；B. wind风；C. world世界；D. city城市。由文中的“the tornado ”可知，龙卷风把狗从他怀里卷走了，后来就消失在龙卷风中。文中第一段也提到the wind turned him（dog） upside down。这里是同一复现。故选B。

4.【辽宁省铁岭市六校2021-2022学年高三12月月考】
I believe that life's toughest lessons are best learned through personal experience.......
As you can see, 53 can only be understood by walking in a lot of different shoes. So I suggest students get out of their comfort zones and get deeply involved in different work and community experience. It's essential for people to find value in every person, no matter who they are or what they do for a living.
53．A．facts B．method C．lessons D．theories
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如你所见的，只有经历了不同的工作才能真正理解生活的教训。A. facts事实；B. method方法；C. lessons教训；D. theories理论。此处指只有经历了不同的工作才能真正理解生活的教训，此处与文章开头相呼应，根据文章第一句…life's toughest lessons are best learned through personal experience。可知，选C项。

5.【河北省保定市2021-2022学年高三上学期期末】Steve Chu, the restaurant’s owner, read the e-mail and quickly 24 with an alternative suggestion.
24．A．replied B．declined C．commented D．declared
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：餐馆的主人Steve Chu读了这封邮件，快速地回复了另一个替代性的建议。A. replied回复；B. declined减少，下降；C. commented评论；D. declared宣布，宣称。根据前文“read the e-mail”可知，收到邮件，读完邮件后，应回复邮件，故选A。

6.【八省市（湖北省，广东省等）2021-2022学年高三上学期第一次联考】As we progressed to high school, a couple of girls 43 and a couple of new ones wormed their way in.
43．A．dropped out B．dropped in C．showed up D．showed off
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我们升入高中时。有几个女生退出了，又有几个女生加入进来。A. dropped out退学，退出；B. dropped in顺道来访； C. showed up出现；D. showed off炫耀。 根据后文“ a couple of new ones wormed their way in”（ 又有几个新家伙加入进来了）可知, 有些人退出, 而有些人加入, 故选A。

7.【广东省普通高中2021-2022学年高三上学期12月联合质量测评】To Williams, the solution was simple: Give kids books. In 2017, as part of a civic event called Engage Dan-ville, she donated 900 used children’s books over three days. Most people would be 26 with that. “I was like, ‘Anybody could do that,’” she said. “I wanted to do something that’s going to stretch my faith, my work ethic, my everything.”
26．A．satisfied B．strict C．familiar D．honest
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大多数人都会对此感到满意。A. satisfied满意