专题04-读后续写整体思路及黄金句式.docx

读后续写整体思路及进阶句型
1.读后续写解题思维导图
1.内容丰富充实，与所给短文融洽连贯，语言风格一致，充满正能量
2.详细刻画人物角色及其情感
3.两段内容衔接自然，逻辑合理
4.有效使用过渡连接词，结构紧凑
5.词汇丰富高级，语法准确多变（主被动句式，各类从句，特殊句式，非谓语动词等）
6.词数充分150词左右，拼写准确，标点恰当

高分原则

动作神情描写 情绪情感描写 人物个性描写 心理描写
环境描写

读后续写

增加细节

1. 非谓语动词的使用
2. With 复合结构
3. 无灵主语
4. 倒装句
5. 强调句
6. 定语从句
7. What 引导名词性从句
8. It 作形式主语、形式宾语句型
9. 善用修辞，如比喻，拟人，排比等
高分有门道

打磨语言

Step1.利用文体特征，梳理内容发展脉络和推进方向
Step2.根据文中的伏笔和所给段首句，推测情节走势
Step3.灵活运用各种手法，打造鲜活灵动的人物形象和丰富的情节链条
Step4.首尾呼应，结构完整合理升华主题

写作步骤

2．具体解题思路及步骤
1）理清故事脉络和推进方向。要理清一篇记叙文的脉络要点，通常可从记叙文六要素着手，即人物，时间，地点，起因，经过和结果。读后续写提供的文本除了结果这一要素外，把其余五个要素介绍的很清楚，因此阅读时要紧扣这五要素。抓住时间线，情节线，感情线，找出阅读文本中的伏笔，并根据伏笔发挥合理想象，顺应原文的情节发展进行预测，创作一个意料之外又情理之中的结局。
2）动笔之前头脑风暴出核心词（以名词、动词、形容词、副词等内容词为主）即可，无需完整句子。续写第一段的内容设计既要考虑与上文的融洽衔接，同时也要考虑本段和第二段段首句的呼应和衔接，而后者是容易忽视的部分。简言之，第一段的内容设计要成功搭建本段与前文、后文的桥梁。续写第二段是文章的结尾，要关注与文章开头的遥相呼应。
3）增强语法结构和词汇的丰富性。英语语法在读后续写中有着非常重要的作用。丰富准确的结构、句式对于读后续写起着重要的保障。学生可以整理提炼读后续写常用的语法结构，如无灵主语，分词做状语，独立主格，倒装句，强调句型， which 引导的非限制性定语从句等，在平时注意积累语料，使得句式更丰富。
由于读后续写中大量涉及动作，尤其是肢体动作、情感及环境风景等的描写，平时要注意积累这方面的语料素材。例如对“羞愧”的表述，she blushed/ her face was red from being ashamed都比 be ashamed形象生动得多。此外，阅读一些简单的英文小说，如《夏洛的网》，该书中有大量动作、环境、语言描写，摘录其中的相关句子加以背诵，运用在续写中，可以起到锦上添花的作用。
4） 注意情节曲折性、合理性和正能量结局。
5）保持与原文在行文风格上的一致。分析原文语言表达方面的显著特征，观察有无直接引语、各类从句、特殊句型、非谓语动词等。通过模仿和创造，尽量提高与原文的协同，力求在各个语言层次（关键词、短语和句型等）的表达风格上和原文保持一致。
3．结合真题总结“套路”
读后续写的内容从命题角度来看都会围绕" Conflict & Solution "展开。结合历年高考真题考查的题材来看，题材主要关于：遇险、迷路、追求梦想、乐于助人等话题。
解决方案基本是以下途径：
1.encouragement（某人的鼓励的话）
fort（某人的安慰）
3.inspiration（灵光乍现）
4.effort（自己的努力）
5.calm（冷静思考）
6.kindness（善良）
7.courage（勇气）
8.love（爱心）
9.timely help（及时帮助）
解决方案（ solution ）可能是以上多种组合，譬如先平静下来（ calm )，然后有了勇气（ courage ),最后有了灵感( inspiration )
4.结合真题进行解析
读后续写快速理清思路的五四三 3步法，即5R解读故事，4句定框架和3大原则
读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The Meredith family lived in a small community . As the economy was in decline , some people in the town had lost their jobs . Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet . People were trying to help each other meet the challenges .
Mrs . Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman . She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor . She knew they had problems , and they needed all kinds of help . When she had time , she would bring food and medicine to them .
One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before . There was a man sick in bed , his wife , who took care of him and could not go out to work , and their little boy . The little boy his name was
Bernard -had interested her very much .
" I wish you could see him ," she said to her own children , John , Harry , and Clara ." He is such a help to his mother . He wants very much to earn some money , but I don ' t see what he can do ."
After their mother left the room , the children sat thinking about Bernard ." I wish we could help him to earn money ," said Clara ." His family is suffering so much ."
" So do I ," said Harry ." We really should do something to assist them ."For some moments , John said nothing , but . suddenly , he sprang to his feet and cried ," I have a great idea ! I have a solution that we can all help accomplish （完成）."
The other children also jumped up all attention . When John had an idea , it was sure to be a good one ." I tell you what we can do ." said John ." You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us ? Well , we can make pop - corn （爆米花）, and put it into paper bags , and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it ."
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
1. When Mrs . Meredith heard of John ' s idea, she thought it was a good one , too
2.With everything ready , Bernard started out on his new business .
写作步骤：
第一步： Analyze the story :5Rs
1.Read for characters
2.Read for conflict / problems :
3.Read for plot
4. Read for emotional change
5.Read for theme
第二步：四句定框架
Step 1:先写最后一句（主题句）
Step 2:再写衔接句，即第一段的最后一句
Step 3:根据所给段首句写角色的情感
第三步：牢记三大原则，补充完整每段的中间部分
1.Action- Response 原则：角色 A 的所言、所行、所感、所想会引起其它角色的一系列反应的。每段对话1-2句，不一定两个人都要说话，无声的动作也是一种 response。
2.Conflict- Solution 原则：一般而言第二段会有问题的 solution ，但本文和高考的读后续写文章出题不一样，因为 solution 在所给文章中就已经有了。同时思考：能否在第一段出现一个问题，然后把它解决了或者没有解决。一方面是增加看点，另一方面也是给第二段铺垫。
3.Negative- Positive 原则：写作中一定要体现情感的变化，无论前面是怎样的变化，最终都是积极的。
最终成文：
When Mrs . Meredith heard of John ' s idea , she thought it was a good one , too . Then , they went to the local supermarket together and bought a bag of corn and some paper bags for popcorn . On getting home , they made a lot of popcorn and put it in the paper bags . With the popcorn , they went to Bernard ' s home . They told Bernard how to sell the popcorn .（动作描写-解决问题） Bernard and his parents were more than grateful . And the Meredith family also felt very happy to help this family .（角色的回应）
With everything ready , Bernard started out on his new business . He took the popcorn around to the houses and sold all his popcorn . He earned a lot of money . （动作描写-解决问题）Then , he wanted to be self - dependent . （心理变化）Therefore , he asked Mrs . Meredith to teach him how to make popcorn . After that , not only did he sell popcorn , but he also added cream and salt to the popcorn to make it taste better . Bernard business worked out quite well . The smile on his face was as brilliant as the sun on a spring day .（拓展） He also decided to do what he could to help those in need .（呼应文章开头主旨）
5．措辞提升方法
1）无灵主语
无灵主语，一种英语语法结构。在英语表达中，主语并非总是由人或有生命的事物才能与行为动词结合，当"无灵主语"搭配"有灵动词"，产生的句子更能彰显中西方文化、思维方式的差异。无灵主语句可以丰富句型，使语言瞬间充满生命力。同时，减少人称主语的使用，增加表达的客观性。
以下几个类型的无灵主语句将帮助学生更深入了解无灵主语句，避免汉语的负迁移，形成英语思维模式，使语言表达更地道、更准确。从而帮助我们在写作中取得高分！
A.无灵主语句的结构构成： 无灵主语+ 有灵动词
无灵主语指的是：物品、动作、情感、时间、地点等；有灵动词指的是：有生命的事物的动作和行为，如： see,find,escape,witness,seize（抓住，侵袭）,deny （否认）,creep over （涌上心头）, strike（袭击） , dawn （出现 , worm into（慢慢爬入） , overcome , take possession of（占领） , swallow（吞噬）, give way to , desert , well up, tear ... 这类句子往往带有拟人化的修辞色彩。
举几个例子：
我想不起他的名字了。
中国学生： I couldn’t remember his name./I forget his name .
英国学生： His name escaped me ./ His name failed me ./His name slipped my mind ./His name didn’t take root in my mind .
我突然有了一个好主意。
无灵句表达：①A good idea suddenly occurs to/ hits/strikes me .
② A good idea flashes/ jumps/ comes/ into my mind
③A good idea suggests itself to me .
④A good idea comes across my mind .
⑤ It occurs to me that / It dawns on me that ...
B.无灵主语句的应用：
(1)表示时间的名词做主语，谓语动词用 “witness” “see”, “find”.....来表达发生的事情。
例如：
①The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of changes that took place in
our county.
过去的三十年里，我们国家发生了很多变化。
②The year 1949 witnessed the founding of the People’s Republic Of China .
1949年中华人民共和国成立了。
③Spring sees a sea of blossoms and cheerful faces.
春天是花的海洋，也是满心欢喜的笑脸的海洋。
(2)表示地点的名词做主语，谓语动词也常用" witness "" see "," find ".....来表达发生的事情。
例句如下：
①The town boasts a beautiful lake .镇上有个美丽的湖，人人以此自豪
② Beijing first saw the raising of the five - starred flag in Tian’anmen Square .
五星红旗首先在北京天安门广场上升起。
③Britain Saw the first jet airline in1952.第一架喷气式飞机于1952年在英国诞生。
④Rome witnessed many great historic events .罗马发生过许多重大历史事件。
（3）表示情感类名词或心理活动的名词作主语,谓语动词常用seize，visit，haunt，come over，sweep over，well up.... 例句如下：
①Courage deserted him．他没有了勇气。 Deserted "舍弃"
②Anxiety tore him into pieces．他焦虑万分，肝肠寸断。
③By now,optimism had given way to doubt．现在，乐观变成了怀疑。
④Anger choked my words．我气得说不出话来。 choked "阻塞；抑制"
⑤A flood of horror suddenly swept over him．他突然感到不寒而栗。
⑥ Despair seized /haunted him at the thought of his failure in the exam．想到考试的失败，他万念俱灰。
⑦Astonishment deprived me of my power of speech．我惊讶得说不出话来。
⑧ Fear rooted her to the ground．恐惧使她站在地上一动不动。 root "固定"
⑨ An embarrassed laugh escapes my throat．我不由自主尴尬地笑了一声。
escape "声音（不自觉地）"由．...．发出
⑩Tiredness began to creep over me,like tide. 疲倦像潮水一样向我袭来。
2)修辞手法
修辞---比喻
比喻是最常见的修辞手法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，从而更生动、更深刻地说明道理，增强语言的表现力。比喻分为明喻和和暗喻。
A.明喻
直接表明本体和喻体的相似之处，常用的明喻标志词有 like , as , seem , as ... as , as if , as though , similar to 等。基本格式是：本体＋比喻词＋喻体。例如： The USA is like a big melting pot where immigrants of different cultures or races form an integrated society .
句型赏析
Love is like the wind , you can ' t see it but you can feel it 爱如风，你看不见，但你能感受到它。
The house looks something like a castle .（景物描写）
那房子看上去有点像一座城堡。( something like ..．有点像...)
He moved like lightening before the police came .还没等警察到来，他像闪电一样地跑了。
The country , covered with cherry tree flowers , looks as though it is covered with pink snow .（情景描写）这个国家，覆盖着樱花，看起来好像被粉红色的雪覆盖着。
I couldn’t move my legs . It was as if they were stuck to the floor .
我的腿动不了，就好像给固定在地板上似的。
B.暗喻
英语暗喻（ metaphor ）为英语辞格（ figure of speech ）用法之一。与明喻（ simile ）不同的是，暗喻不用诸如 like 或 as 之类的功能词。
句型赏析：
1. Some books are to be tasted;others swallowed;and some few to be chewed and digested.
一些书可以浅尝辄止；一些书可以狼吞虎咽； 而有些书需要细嚼慢咽，好好消化----培根
2. A bad apple spoils the bunch 害群之马
3. Life is a journey . Enjoy the ride.
3)倒装句
在写作中倒装句应用比较广泛，涉及的句型也比较多，包括部分倒装和全部倒装。常见的有：
①" only ＋状语"置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
People from all over the world can only in this way communicate easily and effectively .
- Only in this way can people from all over the world communicate easily and effectively .
②none , neither , nor , not , never . hardly , little , seldom 等否定词，以及由 no 构成的否定短语如 at no time ,by no means 等置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
We should ignore exam anxiety on no account.我们绝对不应该忽视考试焦虑。
---On no account should we ignore exam anxiety.
③在 so / such ... that ..．结构中，当 so / such ..．位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装。
I was so excited that I couldn’t wait to try my hand at riding it . However , it was harder than expected .
-- So excited was I that I couldn’t wait to try my hand at riding it . However , it was harder than expected .
我太激动了，迫不及待地要试着骑它。然而，这要比想象中难得多了。
e . g . So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood .
他的英语说的很清楚，别人总是能听懂他的话。
④在 not only ……. but （ also ）…句型中，如果 not only 置于句首，需将 not only 引导的句子倒装,但 but ( also )引导的句子不倒装。
e . g . Not only did it broaden our horizons, but also enriched our experience .
这不仅开阔了我们的视野，还丰富了我们的经历。
B.完全倒装即整个谓语放在主语前
结构：谓语动词+主语
表示方向、时间或方位、地点的副词或介词短语,置于句首，用完全倒装。如： here . there , now , then , up . down , in , out , away , in the room . on the wall 等。(注:主语以须是名词;若主语是代词不能倒装。)
e . g . On the table were some flowers .桌上是一些花。
Out rushed the children laughing loudly .孩子们大声笑着冲了出去。
4）用 which 引导的非限制性定语从句合并和升级句子
例如：We ' ll also spend some fun time together , singing . dancing and playing games.We hope it will make them happy .
升级：We ' ll also spend some fun time together , singing , dancing and playing games , which we hope will make them happy .我们也会一起度过一段愉快的时光，唱歌跳舞玩游戏，我们希望这样能使他们开心。
5)用 what 和 that 引导的名词性从句
E.g.In addition,what may worry you most is that I am really nervous and upset when talking the exam .（what引导主语从句）此外，让你最担心的是，考试时我真的感到沮丧和紧张。
E.g.They have donated what they have to help the poor girl.（what引导宾语从句）
他们倾其所有去帮助这个可怜的小女孩。
6)强调句型
强调句型的使用是为了突出强调句子的某一部分，它是一种比较容易掌握的高级表达方式。其构成： It is / was 十被强调部分＋ that / who ＋其他。
We created a harmonious atmosphere with sincerity and faithfulness .
-- It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere .
7)被动结构升级策略
E.g. People have different opinions on the question .
Opinions are divided on the question .
关于这个问题，人们意见各异。
E.g. We should adopt proper measures to deal with it before it is too late .
Proper measures should be adopted to deal with it before it is too late .
8） adj.+adj. 主句+doing结构/with复合结构
E.g.Surprised and delighted,he stood up to accept the prize,feeling proud.
既意外又开心，他站起身来去领奖，感到非常自豪。
Desperate and exhausted, Jane knelt down,with tears rolling down her cheeks.
绝望又疲惫，Jane蹲了下来，眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。