专题04-读后续写整体思路及黄金句式.docx

读后续写整体思路及进阶句型
1.读后续写解题思维导图
1.内容丰富充实，与所给短文融洽连贯，语言风格一致，充满正能量
2.详细刻画人物角色及其情感
3.两段内容衔接自然，逻辑合理
4.有效使用过渡连接词，结构紧凑
5.词汇丰富高级，语法准确多变（主被动句式，各类从句，特殊句式，非谓语动词等）
6.词数充分150词左右，拼写准确，标点恰当

高分原则

动作神情描写 情绪情感描写 人物个性描写 心理描写
环境描写

读后续写

增加细节

1 非谓语动词的使用
2. With 复合结构
3. 无灵主语
4. 倒装句
5. 强调句
6. 定语从句
7. What 引导名词性从句
8. It 作形式主语、形式宾语句型
9. 善用修辞，如比喻，拟人，排比等
高分有门道

打磨语言

Step1.利用文体特征，梳理内容发展脉络和推进方向
Step2.根据文中的伏笔和所给段首句，推测情节走势
Step3.灵活运用各种手法，打造鲜活灵动的人物形象和丰富的情节链条
Step4.首尾呼应，结构完整合理升华主题

写作步骤

2．具体解题思路及步骤
1）理清故事脉络和推进方向。要理清一篇记叙文的脉络要点，通常可从记叙文六要素着手，即人物，时间，地点，起因，经过和结果。读后续写提供的文本除了结果这一要素外，把其余五个要素介绍的很清楚，因此阅读时要紧扣这五要素。抓住时间线，情节线，感情线，找出阅读文本中的伏笔，并根据伏笔发挥合理想象，顺应原文的情节发展进行预测，创作一个意料之外又情理之中的结局。
2）动笔之前头脑风暴出核心词（以名词、动词、形容词、副词等内容词为主）即可，无需完整句子。续写第一段的内容设计既要考虑与上文的融洽衔接，同时也要考虑本段和第二段段首句的呼应和衔接，而后者是容易忽视的部分。简言之，第一段的内容设计要成功搭建本段与前文、后文的桥梁。续写第二段是文章的结尾，要关注与文章开头的遥相呼应。
3）增强语法结构和词汇的丰富性。英语语法在读后续写中有着非常重要的作用。丰富准确的结构、句式对于读后续写起着重要的保障。学生可以整理提炼读后续写常用的语法结构，如无灵主语，分词做状语，独立主格，倒装句，强调句型， which 引导的非限制性定语从句等，在平时注意积累语料，使得句式更丰富。
由于读后续写中大量涉及动作，尤其是肢体动作、情感及环境风景等的描写，平时要注意积累这方面的语料素材。例如对“羞愧”的表述，she blushed/ her face was red from being ashamed都比 be ashamed形象生动得多。此外，阅读一些简单的英文小说，如《夏洛的网》，该书中有大量动作、环境、语言描写，摘录其中的相关句子加以背诵，运用在续写中，可以起到锦上添花的作用。
4） 注意情节曲折性、合理性和正能量结局。
5）保持与原文在行文风格上的一致。分析原文语言表达方面的显著特征，观察有无直接引语、各类从句、特殊句型、非谓语动词等。通过模仿和创造，尽量提高与原文的协同，力求在各个语言层次（关键词、短语和句型等）的表达风格上和原文保持一致。
3．结合真题总结“套路”
读后续写的内容从命题角度来看都会围绕" Conflict & Solution "展开。结合历年高考真题考查的题材来看，题材主要关于：遇险、迷路、追求梦想、乐于助人等话题。
解决方案基本是以下途径：
1.encouragement（某人的鼓励的话）
fort（某人的安慰）
3.inspiration（灵光乍现）
4.effort（自己的努力）
5.calm（冷静思考）
6.kindness（善良）
7.courage（勇气）
8.love（爱心）
9.timely help（及时帮助）
解决方案（ solution ）可能是以上多种组合，譬如先平静下来（ calm )，然后有了勇气（ courage ),最后有了灵感( inspiration )
4.结合真题进行解析
读后续写快速理清思路的五四三 3步法，即5R解读故事，4句定框架和3大原则
读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The Meredith family lived in a small community . As the economy was in decline , some people in the town had lost their jobs . Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet . People were trying to help each other meet the challenges .
Mrs . Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman . She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor . She knew they had problems , and they needed all kinds of help . When she had time , she would bring food and medicine to them .
One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before . There was a man sick in bed , his wife , who took care of him and could not go out to work , and their little boy . The little boy his name was
Bernard -had interested her very much .
" I wish you could see him ," she said to her own children , John , Harry , and Clara ." He is such a help to his mother . He wants very much to earn some money , but I don ' t see what he can do ."
After their mother left the room , the children sat thinking about Bernard ." I wish we could help him to earn money ," said Clara ." His family is suffering so much ."
" So do I ," said Harry ." We really should do something to assist them ."For some moments , John said nothing , but . suddenly , he sprang to his feet and cried ," I have a great idea ! I have a solution that we can all help accomplish （完成）."
The other children also jumped up all attention . When John had an idea , it was sure to be a good one ." I tell you what we can do ." said John ." You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us ? Well , we can make pop - corn （爆米花）, and put it into paper bags , and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it ."
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
1. When Mrs . Meredith heard of John ' s idea, she thought it was a good one , too
2.With everything ready , Bernard started out on his new business .
写作步骤：
第一步： Analyze the story :5Rs
1.Read for characters
2.Read for conflict / problems :
3.Read for plot
4. Read for emotional change
5.Read for theme
第二步：四句定框架
Step 1:先写最后一句（主题句）
Step 2:再写衔接句，即第一段的最后一句
Step 3:根据所给段首句写角色的情感
第三步：牢记三大原则，补充完整每段的中间部分
1.Action- Response 原则：角色 A 的所言、所行、所感、所想会引起其它角色的一系列反应的。每段对话1-2句，不一定两个人都要说话，无声的动作也是一种 response。
2.Conflict- Solution 原则：一般而言第二段会有问题的 solution ，但本文和高考的读后续写文章出题不一样，因为 solution 在所给文章中就已经有了。同时思考：能否在第一段出现一个问题，然后把它解决了或者没有解决。一方面是增加看点，另一方面也是给第二段铺垫。
3.Negative- Positive 原则：写作中一定要体现情感的变化，无论前面是怎样的变化，最终都是积极的。
最终成文：
When Mrs . Meredith heard of John ' s idea , she thought it was a good one , too . Then , they went to the local supermarket together and bought a bag of corn and some paper bags for popcorn . On getting home , they made a lot of popcorn and put it in the paper bags . With the popcorn , they went to Bernard ' s home . They told Bernard how to sell the popcorn .（动作描写-解决问题） Bernard and his parents were more than grateful . And the Meredith family also felt very happy to help this family .（角色的回应）
With everything ready , Bernard started out on his new business . He took the popcorn around to the houses and sold all his popcorn . He earned a lot of money . （动作描写-解决问题）Then , he wanted to be self - dependent . （心理变化）Therefore , he asked Mrs . Meredith to teach him how to make popcorn . After that , not only did he sell popcorn , but he also added cream and salt to the popcorn to make it taste better . Bernard business worked out quite well . The smile on his face was as brilliant as the sun on a spring day .（拓展） He also decided to do what he could to help those in need .（呼应文章开头主旨
5．措辞提升方法
1）无灵主语
无灵主语，一种英语语法结构。在英语表达中，主语并非总是由人或有生命的事物才能与行为动词结合，当"无灵主语"搭配"有灵动词"，产生的句子更能彰显中西方文化、思维方式的差异。无灵主语句可以丰富句型，使语言瞬间充满生命力。同时，减少人称主语的使用，增加表达的客观性。
以下几个类型的无灵主语句将帮助学生更深入了解无灵主语句，避免汉语的负迁移，形成英语思维模式，使语言表达更地道、更准确。从而帮助我们在写作中取得高分！
A.无灵主语句的结构构成： 无灵主语+ 有灵动词
无灵主语指的是：物品、动作、情感、时间、地点等；有灵动词指的是：有生命的事物的动作和行为，如： see,find,escape,witness,seize（抓住，侵袭）,deny （否认）,creep over （涌上心头）, strike（袭击） , dawn （出现 , worm into（慢慢爬入） , overcome , take possession of（占领） , swallow（吞噬）, give way to , desert , well up, tear ... 这类句子往往带有拟人化的修辞色彩。
举几个例子：
我想不起他的名字了。
中国学生： I couldn’t remember his name./I forget his name
英国学生： His name escaped me ./ His name failed me ./His name slipped my mind ./His name didn’t take root in my mind .
我突然有了一个好主意。
无灵句表达：①A good idea suddenly occurs to/ hits/strikes me .
② A good idea flashes/ jumps/ comes/ into my mind
③A good idea suggests itself to me .
④A good idea comes across my mind .
⑤ It occurs to me that / It dawns on me that ...
B.无灵主语句的应用：
(1)表示时间的名词做主语，谓语动词用 “witness” “see”, “find”.....来表达发生的事情。
例如：
①The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of changes that took place in
our county.
过去的三十年里，我们国家发生了很多变化。
②The year 1949 witnessed the founding of the People’s Republic Of China .
1949年中华人民共和国成立了。
③Spring sees a sea of blossoms and cheerful faces.
春天是花的海洋，也是满心欢喜的笑脸的海洋。
(2)表示地点的名词做主语，谓语动词也常用" witness "" see "," find ".....来表达发生的事情。
例句如下：
①The town boasts a beautiful lake .镇上有个美丽的湖，人人以此自豪
② Beijing first saw the raising of the five starred flag in Tian’anmen Square .
五星红旗首先在北京天安门广场上升起。
③Britain Saw the first jet airline in1952.第一架喷气式飞机于1952年在英国诞生。
④Rome witnessed many great historic events .罗马发生过许多重大历史事件。
（3）表示情感类名词或心理活动的名词作主语,谓语动词常用seize，visit，haunt，come over，sweep over，well up.... 例句如下：
①Courage deserted him．他没有了勇气。 Deserted "舍弃"
②Anxiety tore him into pieces．他焦虑万分，肝肠寸断。
③By now,optimism had given way to doubt．现在，乐观变成了怀疑。
④Anger choked my words．我气得说不出话来。 choked "阻塞；抑制"
⑤A flood of horror suddenly swept over him．他突然感到不寒而栗。
⑥ Despair seized /haunted him at the thought of his failure in the exam．想到考试的失败，他万念俱灰。
⑦Astonishment deprived me of my power of speech．我惊讶得说不出话来。
⑧ Fear rooted her to the ground．恐惧使她站在地上一动不动。 root "固定"
⑨ An embarrassed laugh escapes my throat．我不由自主尴尬地笑了一声。
escape "声音（不自觉地）"由．...．发出
⑩Tiredness began to creep over me,like tide. 疲倦像潮水一样向我袭来。
2)修辞手法
修辞---比喻
比喻是最常见的修辞手法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，从而更生动、更深刻地说明道理，增强语言的表现力。比喻分为明喻和和暗喻。
A.明喻
直接表明本体和喻体的相似之处，常用的明喻标志词有 like , as , seem , as ... as , as if , as though , similar to 等。基本格式是：本体＋比喻词＋喻体。例如： The USA is like a big melting pot where immigrants of different cultures or races form an integrated society .
句型赏析
Love is like the wind , you can ' t see it but you can feel it 爱如风，你看不见，但你能感受到它。
The house looks something like a castle .（景物描写）
那房子看上去有点像一座城堡。( something like ..．有点像...)
He moved like lightening before the police came .还没等警察到来，他像闪电一样地跑了。
The country , covered with cherry tree flowers , looks as though it is covered with pink snow .（情景描写）这个国家，覆盖着樱花，看起来好像被粉红色的雪覆盖着。
I couldn’t move my legs . It was as if they were stuck to the floor .
我的腿动不了，就好像给固定在地板上似的。
B.暗喻
英语暗喻（ metaphor ）为英语辞格（ figure of speech ）用法之一。与明喻（ simile ）不同的是，暗喻不用诸如 like 或 as 之类的功能词。
句型赏析：
1. Some books are to be tasted;others swallowed;and some few to be chewed and digested.
一些书可以浅尝辄止；一些书可以狼吞虎咽； 而有些书需要细嚼慢咽，好好消化----培根
2. A bad apple spoils the bunch 害群之马
3. Life is a journey . Enjoy the ride.
3)倒装句
在写作中倒装句应用比较广泛，涉及的句型也比较多，包括部分倒装和全部倒装。常见的有：
①" only ＋状语"置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
People from all over the world can only in this way communicate easily and effectively .
- Only in this way can people from all over the world communicate easily and effectively .
②none , neither , nor , not , never . hardly , little , seldom 等否定词，以及由 no 构成的否定短语如 at no time ,by no means 等置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
We should ignore exam anxiety on no account.我们绝对不应该忽视考试焦虑。
---On no account should we ignore exam anxiety.
③在 so / such ... that ..．结构中，当 so / such ..．位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装。
I was so excited that I couldn’t wait to try my hand at riding it . However , it was harder than expected .
-- So excited was I that I couldn’t wait to try my hand at riding it . However , it was harder than expected .
我太激动了，迫不及待地要试着骑它。然而，这要比想象中难得多了。
e . g . So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood .
他的英语说的很清楚，别人总是能听懂他的话。
④在 not only ……. but （ also ）…句型中，如果 not only 置于句首，需将 not only 引导的句子倒装,但 but ( also )引导的句子不倒装。
e . g . Not only did it broaden our horizons, but also enriched our experience .
这不仅开阔了我们的视野，还丰富了我们的经历。
B.完全倒装即整个谓语放在主语前
结构：谓语动词+主语
表示方向、时间或方位、地点的副词或介词短语,置于句首，用完全倒装。如： here . there , now , then , up . down , in , out , away , in the room . on the wall 等。(注:主语以须是名词;若主语是代词不能倒装。)
e . g . On the table were some flowers .桌上是一些花。
Out rushed the children laughing loudly .孩子们大声笑着冲了出去。
4）用 which 引导的非限制性定语从句合并和升级句子
例如：We ' ll also spend some fun time together , singing . dancing and playing games.We hope it will make them happy .
升级：We ' ll also spend some fun time together , singing , dancing and playing games , which we hope will make them happy .我们也会一起度过一段愉快的时光，唱歌跳舞玩游戏，我们希望这样能使他们开心。
5)用 what 和 that 引导的名词性从句
E.g.In addition,what may worry you most is that I am really nervous and upset when talking the exam .（what引导主语从句）此外，让你最担心的是，考试时我真的感到沮丧和紧张。
E.g.They have donated what they have to help the poor girl.（what引导宾语从句）
他们倾其所有去帮助这个可怜的小女孩。
6)强调句型
强调句型的使用是为了突出强调句子的某一部分，它是一种比较容易掌握的高级表达方式。其构成： It is / was 十被强调部分＋ that / who ＋其他。
We created a harmonious atmosphere with sincerity and faithfulness .
-- It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere .
7)被动结构升级策略
E.g. People have different opinions on the question .
Opinions are divided on the question .
关于这个问题，人们意见各异。
E.g. We should adopt proper measures to deal with it before it is too late .
Proper measures should be adopted to deal with it before it is too late .
8） adj.+adj. 主句+doing结构/with复合结构
E.g.Surprised and delighted,he stood up to accept the prize,feeling proud.
既意外又开心，他站起身来去领奖，感到非常自豪。
Desperate and exhausted, Jane knelt down,with tears rolling down her cheeks.
绝望又疲惫，Jane蹲了下来，眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。