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Unit 4单元重点语法专项练习
关系代词
基础知识自测
一、单项选择
1.They took care of the old man ________ son lost his life in the fire.
A.who B.of whom
C.whom D.whose
2.The solider ______ arms are missing in the battle has just got a first class merit.
A.whose B.who C.whom D.which
3.Two thirds of the people _______ lived there were dead or injured.
A.that B.which C.who D.where
4.We are all teenagers ________ love walking and making new friends.
A.who B.whose C.which D.where
5.Lucy is a smart girl ________ ideas are always inspiring.
A.which B.who C.whose D.that
6.Tom is the boy ________is good at English.
A.which B.who C.whom D./
7.He has two sons _______ work in the same company.
A.which B.whose C.whom D.who
8.A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A.who B.who's
C.whose D.which
9.This is the village ________ I remembered.
A.where B.that C.how D.in which
10.Do you still remember some moments ________you spent with your friends happily?
A.when B.which C.who D.what
11.--- What kind of music do you like?
--- I like music ______ has great lyrics.
A.that B.what C.who D.whose
12.The man ________ won the competition is a college student from Peking University.
A.which B.whom
C.what D.who
13.My new partner is a pretty girl ________ name is Diane.
A.her B.she
C.its D.whose
14.A plane is a machine can fly.
A.whom B.who
C.which D.where
15.A person steals things is called a thief.
A.whom B.who
C.which D.where
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
16.I’d like a room ________window faces the sea.
17.This is the girl __________ English is the best in our class.
18.All members ________ have got the tickets are admitted to the theatre.
19.The book ________ I borrowed from the library yesterday has been lost.
20.Someone ________ is pessimistic thinks that bad things are going to happen.
21.Feedback is something ________ reflects how well or badly you are doing, and how you could improve.
22.Something ________ suits you is convenient for you or is the best thing for you in the circumstances.
23.Scientists________ are devoted to the ocean research highlight that we should establish shark reserves.
24.On the train I saw a student ___________ I thought was your sister.
25.I am going to meet Tom ___________ they say is a good boy.
26.According to the new plan, students can choose the teacher ________class they wish to take.
27.It is often the case that anything is possible for those________ hang on to hope.
28.Someone ____________has green fingers can grow sunflowers because they are very expert at agriculture.
29.The professor____________ was attracted by the Grand Canyon in this region observed the waterfall in the steep valley.
30.The expert designed a solution____________ could prevent soil loss by planting trees in the desert.
31.A person________ has green fingers is expert at gardening. For example, he can grow sunflowers or herbs in any soil.
32.It is unusual to spend 70 per cent of the average income on the houses ______ you don’t need.
33.An idiom is a group of words _________ meaning is different from the meanings of the individual words.
34.The man ________ wife died last year has gone to Japan.
35.Do you know the boy ________ was praised at the meeting?
36.The present ________ he gave her yesterday evening is still unopened.
37.The newspaper ________ you are reading is out of date.
38.The student ________ the teachers are talking about has won first prize in the English contest.
39.The medicine ________ he bought is good for your health.
40.Obviously, people ________ are under pressure tend to be anxious.
41.The boy________ she is looking after is my brother.
42.Steven is a designer ________ works have won international praise.
43.The building ____________ doors are green is an office building.
44.I know the boy ____________ you are looking for.
45.—Do you know the man ________ is talking with your father?
—Yes, he’s our headmaster.
学科素养提升
三、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
About 400 earthquakes occur every day, more than a hundred thousand a year. There have been many ____46____ (terrible) destructive earthquakes. The most serious of these ____47____ (occur) in Hua County, Shaanxi Province in 1556, ____48____ affected an area of 800 square kilometers in eight provinces. ____49____ total, 830, 000 people lost their lives. Another example is the 1906 California Earthquake, the worst earthquake that has ever happened in the United States. It lasted only a minute. ____50____, it caused the worst natural disaster in the nation’s history. Fires ____51____ (cause) by the earthquake burned for three days, ____52____ (destroy) a total of 25,000 buildings. About 500 people ____53____ (kill) in the city of San Francisco and 250,000 were made ____54____ (home). In the whole of California, the earthquake and fires caused about 3,000 ____55____ (die).
参考答案:
1.D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:他们照顾那位儿子在火灾中丧生的老人。分析句子可知,句子为限制性定语从句,先行词为“old man”,指人,在从句中作定语,即“the old man’s son lost his life in the fire”,故应用关系代词“whose”引导从句。故选D项。
2.A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:那个在战斗中失去手臂的士兵刚刚获得一等功勋。分析句子可知,空处引导一个限制性定语从句,代替先行词solider,指人,在从句中充当定语修饰从句主语arms,所以应填关系代词whose。故选A项。
3.C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:住在那里的人有三分之二死亡或受伤。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词people是人,因此空格处用关系代词who,故选C。
4.A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我们都是喜欢散步和结交新朋友的青少年。分析句子可知,teenagers为先行词,作定语从句的主语,指人,关系代词为who。故选A项。
5.C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:露西是一个聪明的女孩,她的想法总是令人鼓舞。分析句子可知,a smart girl 为先行词,作定语从句的定语,表示“.....的”。关系代词为whose。故选C项。
6.B
【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意:汤姆就是那个英语学得好的男孩。A.which哪一个(指物,作主语或宾语);B.who谁(指人,作主语或宾语);C.whom谁(指人,作宾语)。分析句子结构可知,设空处需填入关系词引导定语从句,修饰先行词the boy,关系词指代人并在从句中作主语,故填who。故选B项。
【点睛】
7.D
【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意:他有两个在同一家公司上班的儿子。分析句子结构, _______ work in the same company.是一个定语从句,修饰先行词two sons,关系词在从句中作主语,指人,用who引导该定语从句。故选D项。
8.C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:父母双亡的孩子叫做孤儿。先行词是 A child, ____ parents are dead是定语从句,故用whose来引导,故选C项。
9.B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:这是我记忆中的村庄。句中先行词为the village ,在定语从句中作宾语,所以用关系代词that或which引导。故选B。
10.B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:你还记得一些你和你的朋友一起快乐度过的时刻吗?空格处引导定语从句,先行词为moments,在定语从句中作spent的宾语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故选B。
11.A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:——你喜欢什么样的音乐?——我喜欢有好歌词的音乐。句中先行词为music,在定语从句中作主语,指物,所以用关系代词that引导。故选A。
12.D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:那位赢得那场竞赛的男士是一位来自北大的大学生。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词The man表示人,且关系代词在定语从句中作主语,只能用that/who,故选D项。
13.D
【详解】考查代词。句意为我的新伙伴是一位漂亮的女孩,她的名字是Diane。关系代词是whose,表示所属关系。
14.C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:飞机是一种可以飞的机器。这里含有一个定语从句,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,所以用which,选C。
15.B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:偷东西的人被称为小偷。这里含有一个限制性定语从句,先行词是A person,指人,在从句中作主语,所以用关系代词that/who,故选B。
16.whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,指代先行词a room,与window为所属关系,并在从句中作定语,应用whose引导定语从句。故填whose。
17.whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:这就是我们班英语最好的那个女孩。根据句子分析可知,此处引导定语从句,先行词为the girl,从句中缺少定语,意为“谁的”,故应用whose引导,故填whose。
18.that##who
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:所有有票的会员,可以进入剧院。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词members,指人,在从句中作主语,所以可用that或who来引导定语从句。故填that或who。
19.which##that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我昨天从图书馆借的那本书丢了。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词book,指物,并在从句中作宾语,故用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
20.who
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:悲观主义者认为坏事即将发生。分析句子可知,句子为限制性定语从句,先行词为“Someone”,代指人,在从句中作主语,故应用关系代词“who”引导从句。故填who。
21.that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:反馈是反映你做得有多好或多差,以及你可以如何改进的东西。分析句子可知,此处为限制性定语从句,先行词something为不定代词,指物,在从句中作主语成分,故该处只能填关系代词that不可填which。故填that。
22.that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:适合你的东西对你来说很方便,或者在这种情况下对你来说是最好的。分析句子结构可知,该句是主系表结构,主语是Something;设空处引导定语从句,先行词是Something,是不定代词,从句缺少主语,所以只能用that引导从句,充当从句主语。故填that。
23.that##who
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:致力于海洋研究的科学家强调,我们应该建立鲨鱼保护区。分析可知,此处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为Scientists,关系代词who或that引导从句,在从句中作主语,指人。故填that/who。
24.who##that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:在火车上,我看见一个我认为是你姐姐的学生。此处先行词是student,I thought为插入语,who/that作主语。故填who/that。
25.who##that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我要去接他们说是一个好的男孩的Tom。先行词是Tom,定语从句中缺少主语,they say是从句中的插入语,故应使用who/that引导。故填who/that。
26.whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:根据新的计划,学生可以选择他们想上的课程的老师。分析句子结构,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词teacher,结合语意,此处表示老师的课程,空处应用whose,表示“谁的”,引导定语从句,在从句中作定语。故填whose。
27.who
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:通常情况下,对那些坚持希望的人来说,一切皆有可能。先行词为those,指人,且定语从句中缺少主语,故用关系代词who。故填who。
28.who
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:有园艺技能的人可以种向日葵,因为他们是农业方面的专家。空处是定语从句引导词,在定语从句中作主语,修饰Someone,关系词指人用who。故填who。
29.who
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:被这个地区的大峡谷所吸引的教授观察了陡峭山谷中的瀑布。此处是定语从句,先行词是 professor,空处是定语从句引导词,指人,在从句中作主语,故填who。
30.that##which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:这位专家设计了一个解决方案,通过在沙漠中植树来防止土壤流失。分析句子可知,此处考查引导定语从句的关系词,指代先行词solution,指物,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which来引导定语从句。故填that或which。
31.who##that
【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意:有园艺技能的人是园艺专家。例如,他可以在任何土壤中种植向日葵或草药。分析句子结构可知此处定语从句缺少引导词,先行词是person,指人,定语从句缺少主语,应使用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。
32.which##that
【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意:把平均收入的70%花在你不需要的房子上是不正常的。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为houses ,指物,在从句中作宾语,因此可用which/that引导。故填which/that。
33.whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:成语是一组词,其意思不同于单个词的意思。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词words,在定语从句中作定语,需用关系代词whose引导,表示“……的”。故填whose。
34.whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:去年妻子去世的那个人去了日本。分析句子可知,此处引导定语从句,先行词是the man,关系词在从句中做定语,表示“……的”,需用whose。故填whose。
35.who##that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:你认识那个在会上受到表扬的男孩吗?先行词为boy,在从句中作主语,指人,用who或that引导。故填who/that。
36.which##that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:他昨天晚上给她的礼物还没有拆开。此处是限制性定语从句,先行词是The present,指物,在从句中作gave的宾语,应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。
37.which##that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:你正在看的报纸已经过时了。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是newspaper,指物,关系词在从句中作宾语,应用which或that引导。故which/that。
38.whom##who##that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:老师们谈论的那个学生在英语竞赛中获得了一等奖。分析句子结构和意思可知, the teachers are talking about是限制性定语从句,先行词是student,在从句中做宾语,指人,用关系代词whom/who/that。故填whom/who/that。
39.which##that##不填
【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意:他买的药对你的健康有好处。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为The medicine,指物,在从句中作宾语,因此可以用which/that引导,也可以省略。故填which/that/不填。
40.who
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:很明显,人们在压力下往往会感到焦虑。分析句子结构和意思可知, are under pressure是限制性定语从句,先行词是people,在从句中作主语,指人,用关系代词who。故填who。
41.that##who##whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:她正在照顾的那个男孩是我的弟弟。先行词是The boy,在定语从句中作after的宾语,故填 that/who/whom。
42.whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:史蒂文是一位设计师,他的作品赢得了国际赞誉。分析可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是designer ,在从句中作定语,designer和works之间是所属关系,空格处用whose引导定语从句。故填whose。
43.whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:门是绿色的那栋大楼是一栋办公楼。分析句子结构,空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the building,先行词指物,结合语意,大楼的门是绿色的,关系词在从句中作定语,应用whose引导从句。故填whose。
44.who##that##whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我认识你正在找的那个男孩。分析句子可知,句子为限制性定语从句,先行词为“boy”,指人,在从句中作介词“for”的宾语,故应用关系代词“who”、“that”或“whom”引导从句。故填who/that/whom。
45.that##who
【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意:——你认识和你父亲谈话的那个人吗?——是的,他是我们的校长。此处是定语从句,先行词是the man,指人,在定语从句中做主语,用关系代词that/who引导限制性定语从句。故填that/who。
46.terribly
47.occurred
48.which
49.In
50.However
51.caused
52.destroying
53.were killed
54.homeless
55.deaths
【导语】这是一篇说明文,文章主要讲述了两次最严重的地震,1556年的陕西省华县地震和1906年的加利福尼亚地震。
46.考查副词。句意:曾经发生过许多极具破坏性的地震。此处修饰形容词destructive,应用副词形式。故填terribly。
47.考查一般过去时。句意:其中最严重的一次发生在1556年的陕西省华县,波及8个省,面积达800平方公里。此处是谓语动词,根据in 1556可知,句子用一般过去时,故填occurred。
48.考查定语从句。句意:其中最严重的一次发生在1556年的陕西省华县,波及8个省,面积达800平方公里。分析句子可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是The most serious of these,关系词在从句中作主语,应用which引导。故填which。
49.考查介词。句意:总共有83万人丧生。in total总计,固定短语,首字母应大写。故填In。
50.考查副词。句意:然而,它造成了美国历史上最严重的自然灾害。上文“It lasted only a minute.(它只持续了一分钟)”提到地震只持续了一分钟,与下文“它造成了美国历史上最严重的自然灾害”之间是转折关系,应用副词however,首字母应大写。故填However。
51.考查过去分词。句意:地震引起的大火燃烧了3天,共摧毁了25000栋建筑。动词cause和fire之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作定语。故填caused。
52.考查现在分词。句意:地震引起的大火燃烧了3天,共摧毁了25000栋建筑。动词destroy的逻辑主语是前面整句话,两者之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词作结果状语。故填destroying。
53.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:旧金山市约有500人丧生,25万人无家可归。此处是讲述过去发生的事情,且主语people和动词kill之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语people表示复数意义,应用were killed。
54.考查形容词。句意:旧金山市约有500人丧生,25万人无家可归。此处应用形容词作主语补足语,homeless无家可归的,故填homeless。
55.考查名词复数。句意:在整个加州,地震和火灾造成约3000人死亡。此处应用名词作宾语,death死亡,可数名词,由空前的3,000可知此处应用复数形式。故填deaths。
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