第08讲-Unit2词汇和完形填空(外研版2019选择必修1)(解析版).docx

第08讲 Unit 2 Onwards and upwards

1. 提前预习新外研版选择必修一Unit2的词汇和阅读
2. 掌握高二阅读长难句分析方法和完形填空（记叙文）解题方法

一．重点词汇学习

1.embarrassed adj.
2.inform v.
3.debt n.
4.pace n.
5.rarely adv.
6.overnight.
7. rejection
8. nevertheless
9.persevere v.
10.guarantee v.
11.delight n.
12.outcome n.
13.worthwhile
14.blanket n.
15.contest n.
16.enthusiastic adj.
17.upset
18.election n.
19.blessing
20.appreciate v.
21.worthy
22.gentleness n.
23.mere .
24.outline n.
25. dawn n.
26.probe vt.
27.mighty adj..
28.descend v.
29.conclude v.
30.delightful adj.
31.literary
32.relish

重点词汇答案见教材词汇表
二． 重点短语
1. regret to do sth 很遗憾要做某事(还没有做)
2．take...for example 以……为例
3．have...in common 有相同的特点
4．dream of 梦想
5．along with 和……一起
6．turn down 拒绝
7．due to 由于
8．have a positive effect on 对……有积极的影响
9. be proud of 以……为豪
10．worthy of 值得……的
11．care about 关心
12．be appreciative of 感激
13．in particular 特别，尤其
14．be aware of 意识到
15．descend upon 降临
16．knock over 撞倒

考点1：　inform v．通知，告知
要点归纳
(1)inform sb of sth 告诉/通知某人某事
inform sb that... 通知某人……
keep sb informed (of...)使某人随时了解(……)
(2)information n. [U]通知；消息；情报；信息
例1．【单句填空】
(1)The boss asked his secretary to keep him well informed(inform) of the programme's progress.
(2)(2020·天津卷)In library books and computers, you can find information(inform) on starting a business.
(3)(2021·天津卷)William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from which we can learn without repeating them.
词汇升级
(4)I'd like to tell you some detailed information so that you can make full preparations for it.
→I'd like to inform you of some detailed information so that you can make full preparations for it.
考点2：guarantee v．保证；确保　n．保证；保证书
要点归纳
(1)guarantee to do sth/that...保证做某事；确保……
guarantee sb sth 向某人保证某事
guarantee sb to do sth 保证某人做某事
be guaranteed to do sth 肯定会做某事
(2)a guarantee of ……的保证
under guarantee 在保修期内
例2．【单句填空】
单句语法填空
(1)As is often the case, going out with friends is guaranteed to cheer(cheer) you up.
(2)Guarantee to behave(behave) yourself when invited to your Chinese friend's home.
(3)Your car is less than a year old, so it is still under guarantee.
补全句子
(4)Take this opportunity, and I guarantee that you won't regret it.
抓住这个机会，我保证你不会后悔的。

考点3：delighted adj.愉快的，高兴的
要点归纳
(1)be delighted at/with/by...对……高兴
be delighted to do sth很高兴做某事
be delighted that... 很高兴……
(2)delight n. [U]高兴，快乐；[C]使人高兴的事，乐事 v. 使高兴
take delight in (doing)．..高兴(做)……；以(做)……为乐
to one's delight/to the delight of sb令某人高兴的是
with/in delight 高兴地，乐意地
(3)delightful adj. 令人愉快的
例3【单句填空】
(1)(2021·全国Ⅱ卷)Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome(welcome) another calf to our black rhino family.
(2)On seeing the gifts they wanted, the kids screamed with/in delight.
(3)When I heard of the delightful(delight) news that my brother had passed the driving test, I felt very pleased.
(4)I cannot tell you how delighted(delight) I was with the beautiful birthday present you gave me.
一句多译
令我高兴的是，我从几百位申请者中被选出来参加2022年冬奥会的开幕式。
(5)To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony of the 2022 Olympic Winter Games.(delight n．)
(6)What delighted me was that I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony of the 2022 Olympic Winter Games.(主语从句)

考点4：worthwhile adj.重要的；值得做的
要点归纳
(1)It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.做某事是值得的。
(2)worth adj. 值得的；有……价值
be (well) worth doing...……(非常)值得被做
be worth＋n. 值得……；值……
(3)worthy adj. 值得的；配得上的；可敬的
be worthy of＋n. 值得……；配得上……
be worthy to be done/of being done值得被做
注：worth一般只作表语，可用程度副词well修饰；而worthy和worthwhile既可作表语，又可作定语。
例4【单句填空】
选词填空/单句语法填空/写出下面句中黑体部分的含义
(1)I think Mount Tai is a true natural wonder and well(very/well) worth a visit.
(2)The reference book is worth buying(buy), because it is a great help for your study.
(3)The good news is that it's simple to learn and can be worth the effort.值得付出努力
一句多译
我认为，这个音乐节的开幕式很值得观看。
(4)Personally speaking, the opening ceremony of the music festival is well worth watching.
(5)As far as I'm concerned, the opening ceremony of the music festival is well worthy to be watched.
(6)In my opinion/view, the opening ceremony of the music festival is well worthy of being watched.
(7)From my point of view, it is well worthwhile watching/to watch the opening ceremony of the music festival.
考点5：enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的
要点归纳
(1)be enthusiastic about 对……热心，热衷于
(2)enthusiastically adv. 热情地
(3)enthusiast n. 热衷者
(4)enthusiasm n. 热情，热忱
with (great) enthusiasm (非常)热情地
例5【单句填空】
(1)Today, I am just as enthusiastic about my job as the day I first started.
(2)The whole playground was excited with the audience cheering enthusiastically(enthusiastic) for the athletes.
补全句子
(3)Successful people do things with great enthusiasm, especially when they believe in what they are doing.
成功的人做事很有热情，尤其是当他们对自己所做的事有信念的时候。
考点6：upset adj.心烦意乱的，烦恼的；不安的；不适的
v．(upset, upset, upsetting)使不安；使心烦；打翻
要点归纳
(1)be upset about sth为某事心烦/难过
be upset to do sth对做某事感到不安/难过
(2)What upsets sb is that...让某人心烦的是……
It upsets sb to do sth/that...做某事让人心烦。/让某人心烦的是……
例6【单句填空】
(1)She was upset to know(know) that her application for the position was refused.
(2)There is no need to be upset about such a small thing.
(3)He stormed into the room, upsetting(upset) the flower vase on the table.
写作链接　句式升级
(4)It upset us that our flight was delayed because of the fierce storm.
→What upset us was that our flight was delayed because of the fierce storm.(what引导的名词性从句作主语)
考点7：elect v．选举，推选；选择
要点归纳
(1)elect sb (as/to be)＋职位＝sb be elected (as/to be)＋职位 某人被选为……
elect to do sth 选择做某事
(2)election n. 选举
例7【单句填空】
(1)Tom was elected(elect) chairman, for he is hard­working and responsible.
(2)If I am lucky enough to win the election(elect), the first thing I will do is to enrich our students' after­class activities.
补全句子
(3)It is said that only two students will be elected to take part in the coming English speech contest.
据说只有两名学生将被选出去参加即将到来的英语演讲比赛。

（一）用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2021·全国乙卷)For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information(inform) from official stadium websites.
2．(2021·全国甲卷)And officials at Port Lympne were delighted(delight) with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity(圈养)．
3．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Given your busy schedule，I'd be very appreciative(appreciate) if you offer to give some professional advice.
4．(2020·天津卷)Galileo was not merely(mere) ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.
5．Anger is rarely(rare) looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.
6．For years, Margaret felt embarrassed(embarrass) about her problem with music.
（二）固定用法和搭配
1．So everything that happens to you is worthy of praise and thanks.
2．I would appreciate it if you could approve my application and inform me of the interview.
3．If you have the interest to visit there, don't forget to take a camera and you are guaranteed to enjoy(enjoy) the sights in their natural state.
4．To my delight, my skin's overall condition is also improving day by day.
5．By getting closer to the advanced science and technologies in this way，people can probe into their secret mysteries.
（三）完形填空：长难句分析
（1）
It was in spring, 1968. I was standing beside a road, hoping someone could give me a ____21____ . I was heading back to campus that was miles away and was considering ____22____ .
Many drivers slowed down and then ____23____ after having a look at me. I didn't ____24____ them. Why would they pick up a bearded, long-haired stranger? My life was very ____25____ . I felt at a loss in college. I considered packing up my belongings when returning to my ____26____ .
Two hours passed. Finally a car ____27____ . I told the driver my destination. " The college in Oneonta?
That's ____28____ . Get in, " he said. " I'm Aaron. This is my wife, Sylvia. " "I'm Dave, a junior, " I said.
Aaron asked what I was ____29____ in college. "History, " I said. "Secondary education. " "So you'll be a teacher, " he said. I nodded. " _____30_____ ! " He said excitedly. I was surprised by his reaction. Sylvia explained Aaron's dream was to be a teacher. _____31_____ , he couldn't afford college schooling. So he really _____32_____ me.
Aaron asked about my college life. I painted a positive picture of my _____33_____ . For the first time, I saw my future in front of me — to be a good teacher. I was filled with a sense of _____34_____ . Thanks to the couple, I gave up the idea of discontinuing my studies and finally _____35_____ a successful teaching career.
21. A. direction B. lift C. chance D. job
22. A. walking forward B. moving back C. dropping out D. checking in
23. A. left B. stopped C. laughed D. escaped
24. A. trust B. forget C. know D. blame
25. A. simple B. messy C. ordinary D. healthy
26 A. home B. dorm C. camp D. office
27. A. pulled in B. went back C. passed by D. broke down
28. A. unheard B. attractive C. uncompleted D. distant
29. A. majoring B. lecturing C. worrying D. challenging
30. A. Surprising B. Fantastic C. Boring D. Terrible
31. A. Instead B. Otherwise C. However D. Therefore
32. A. hated B. supported C. pitied D. admired
33. A. school B. appearance C. experiences D. family
34. A. purpose B. achievement C. security D. humor
35. A. missed B. began C. returned to D. put off

【答案】
21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的大学生活很糟糕想辍学，结果给他搭便车的一对夫妇很羡慕他能当老师。他感觉自己找到了明确的目标，决定不辍学了，从此开启了自己的教育生涯。
【解析】
【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我站在路边，希望有人能载我一程。A. direction方向；B. lift便车，提升；C. chance机会；D. job工作。根据下一段“Many drivers slowed down and then(3) after having a look at me.”可知，作者是想搭便车。give sb. a lift为固定搭配，意为“给某人搭便车”。故选B项。
【22题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我正要回几英里外的校园，正考虑退学。A. walking forward向前走；B. moving back后退；C. dropping out辍学；D. checking in登记入住。根据下文“Thanks to the couple, I gave up the idea of discontinuing my studies”可知，作者是想辍学。故选C项。
【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很多司机都减速了，看了我一眼就离开了。A. left离开；B. stopped停止；C. laughed嘲笑；D. escaped逃跑。根据下一句“Why would they pick up a bearded, long-haired stranger?”可知，这些司机只是看了看他然后离开了。故选A项。
【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没有责怪他们。A. trust信任；B. forget忘记；C. know知道；D. blame责备。根据下一句“Why would they pick up a bearded, long-haired stranger?”可知，作者自言自语的话，说明作者理解这些司机，所以没有责备他们。故选D项。
【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的生活很混乱。A. simple简单的；B. messy混乱的；C. ordinary普通的；D. healthy 健康的。根据下一句“I felt at a loss in college.”可知，我不知所措，所以事情应该是很糟糕的。故选B项。
【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我考虑过回宿舍时收拾行李。A. home家；B. dorm宿舍；C. camp野营；D. office办公室。根据上文“I felt at a loss in college.”可知，作者回宿舍时考虑收拾行李。故选B项。
【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：最后一辆车停在路边。A. pulled in 靠边停车；B. went back后退；C. passed by经过；D. broke down抛锚。根据下一句“I told the driver my destination”可知，司机把车开到路边接他。故选A项。
【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那在远处。A. unheard未听到的；B. attractive有吸引力的；C. uncompleted未完成的；D. distant遥远的。根据上一句“I told the driver my destination." The college in Oneonta?”可知，作者告诉他要去的目的地，他应该会说从这儿到目的地的距离更合适一些。故选D项。
【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Aaron问我在大学主修什么。A. majoring主修；B. lecturing教，讲授；C. worrying担心；D. challenging挑战。根据下一句“"History，"I said.”可知，问的是他的主修科目。故选A项。
【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：”太棒了！”他兴奋地说。A. Surprising令人惊讶的；B. Fantastic极好的；C. Boring无聊的；D. Terrible可怕的。根据下一句“He said excitedly”可知，应该是认为成为老师很好。故选B项。
【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，他上不起大学。A. Instead代替，而不是；B. Otherwise否则；C. However然而；D. Therefore因此。Sylvia解释说Aron的梦想是当一名教师。但是他负担不起大学教育。前后两句之间是转折关系，所以用However。故选C项。
【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以他真的很钦佩我。A. hated讨厌；B. supported支持；C. pitied遗憾；D. admired钦佩，羡慕。根据上一句“Sylvia explained Aaron's dream was to be a teacher.(11) he couldn't afford college schooling.”可知，她想当老师，但是负担不起学费, 而作者要成为老师了，所以只会是羡慕。故选D项。
【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对我的经历描绘了一幅积极的画面。A. school学校；B. appearance外表；C. experiences经历；D. family家庭。根据上一句“Aaron asked about my college life”可知，Aaron问了他的大学生活，作者给他描述了他的大学生活的经历。故选C项。
【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有一个明确的目标。A. purpose目标；B. achievement成就；C. security安全；D. humor幽默。根据上一句“For the first time, I saw my future in front of me-to be a good teacher”可知，作者下决心成为一名好老师，所以有了一个明确的目标。故选A项。
【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：多亏了这对夫妇，我放弃了辍学的念头, 最终开始了一段成功的教育生涯。A. missed想念；B. began开始；C. returned to返还；D. put off推迟。根据上一句“Thanks to the couple, I gave up the idea of discontinuing my studies”可知，作者放弃了辍学的念头，开始了他的教育生涯。故选B项。

（2）
Volunteering has been a way of life for me for the past five years since I was fifteen.
In 2020 I ___21___ with a newly founded social enterprise, which conducted cooking lessons for visually impaired (视障) trainee ___22___. I absolutely loved it as it involved meaningful ___23___ with people and I was fully ___24___ throughout the entire time I was there. This was unlike some other types of volunteering, which may involve mostly behind-the-scenes work that can get ___25___ after a while.
We called ourselves “sighted assistants” and each of us was ___26___ with a visually impaired trainee chef. As a volunteer, I would walk with the trainee to the Enabling Village ___27___, and then ensure their ___28___ as they learned to cook a new dish. This included helping them ___29___ the position of the sink, ensuring proper use of electrical appliances, ___30___ boiling and hot objects, as well as being careful with knives among other things.
Being there with them made me truly ___31___ how difficult life can be when you are ___32___or completely blind. Every tiny task ___33___ massive effort. There are so many people with ___34___, I realised. While medicine still does not have the power to cure all of these conditions, we are never short of ways to empower these individuals by making life ___35___ and more meaningful for them.
21. A. met B. cooperated C. started D. volunteered
22. A. managers B. volunteers C. chefs D. doctors
23. A. interaction B. appointment C. greeting D. conflict
24. A. confused B. engaged C. surprised D. disturbed
25. A. promising B. frightening C. challenging D. boring
26. A. faced B. compared C. paired D. equipped
27. A. lesson B. enterprise C. room D. kitchen
28. A. satisfaction B. safety C. pleasure D. success
29. A. leave out B. miss out C. figure out D. point out
30. A. avoiding B. touching C. approaching D. feeling
31. A. appreciate B. imagine C. predict D. think
32. A. temporarily B. partly C. accidentally D. originally
33. A. simplifies B. causes C. takes D. offers