秘籍05-阅读理解-观点态度题(原卷版)(全国通用).docx

秘籍05 阅读理解-观点态度题
目录
高考预测
考查概率预测；难度预测；考向预测
应试秘籍
常考题型
解题技法分析
典例剖析
单题训练（文体分类）
篇章模考题训练
误区点拨
常见错点梳理
习题训练巩固
名校模拟
2023最新省市名校模拟题
考点综合训练

高考预测
概率预测
☆☆☆☆☆
难度预测
☆☆☆
考向预测
①　 小标题类型；隐含式小标题类型（文章中心明确）——重点看标题
②　 无小标题类型；一般为说明文；重点看主旨句

应试秘籍
四个关注：
1． 看清楚是作者还是文中人物对什么的态度，再定位关键词分析
2． 利用文中描写环境表达感情色彩，观点态度的词语或句子推断作者的观点态度
3． 利用文中人物的直接引语判断其观点态度
4． 切勿用自己的观点代替作者或文中人物的观点
态度分类
1 )错误率较高的态度类选项。
①　 冷漠类： indifferent (漠不关心的)、careless ( 粗心的)、disinterested (不感兴趣的) ....
②　 迷惑类： confused (困惑的) puzzled (困惑的) uncertain (不确定的，不知道的) ....
③　 主观类： subjective( 主观的) fear(害 怕的) prejudiced (偏见的) biased(偏 见的)、gloomy (模糊的) questionable (有问题的)、scared (害怕的)、sarcastic (讽刺的)、doubtful(怀疑的)、skeptical (怀疑的) ....
④　 中立选项(无倾向)：neutral (中立的) .....
2)可能正确的态度类选项(不可直接选择，用于检查，答案只能在下面三类选项当中
①　 正面评价：positive (积极的)、approval (赞同的)、supportive (支持的)；favor(支持的) .....
②　 中立评价(有倾向): objective(客观的)、impartial (客观的，公正的)、unbiased (公正的)
典例剖析
例题1：Consequently, the researchers warn that software given access to a smartphone’s standard activity logging could make a reasonable prediction about a user’s identity even when they were logged-out of their account. An identification is possible without monitoring conversations or behaviors within apps themselves.
Therefore, it is important to acknowledge that app usage data alone, which is often collected by a smartphone automatically, can potentially reveal a person’s identity. While providing new opportunities for law enforcement, it also poses risks to privacy if this type of data is misused.
1：What is the author’s attitude towards app usage data?
A. Cautious. B. Favorable. C. Doubtful. D. Uninterested.
例题2：I believe my life was saved because of Beethoven's moonlight sonata (鸣奏曲) being put in a video game. To be clearer, I was a terrible kid, living in the mean streets of Philadelphia, where I frequently got involved with street gangs (一帮年轻人) and did horrible things I regret today. I was failing out of high-school and had no future prospects. The only music type I listened to at the time was rap and R&B, but classical music never crossed my ear.
2：Which word can best describe the author's childhood?
A．Awful. B．Common. C．Badly-off. D．Uncomfortable.
例题3：The question preoccupied him, because, some years ago at a family gathering, Gavin, one of his children, said, “You know what, Dad? It can’t be coincidental. We must have got our natural abilities and interest from you.” He has three sons, two daughters and a stepson from two marriages; between them, they cover a range of instruments and genres from techno to rock. Horam was floored. “There can’t be music in me, because I can’t play!”, he said.
3： What is Gavin’s attitude to his father’s musical ability?
A. Unclear. B. Positive. C. Doubtful. D. Disapproving.
例题4：Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
4. What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?
A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic.
例题5：Individuals respond to climate change differently. Climatologist Kelly Smith is hardly alone in her prediction that someday soon we won’t be climate victims, we will be climate Choosers. More scientists agree with her that if the human race survives. The engineers will get smarter, the tools will get better, and one day we will control the climate. but that then? “Just the mention of us controlling the climate sent a small shiver down my back, Grey writes.” “Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will,” he says.
5：What is Grey Childs’s attitude to human’s controlling the climate?
A. Favorable B. Tolerant C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
误区点拨
例题1：Consequently, the researchers warn that software given access to a smartphone’s standard activity logging could make a reasonable prediction about a user’s identity even when they were logged-out of their account. An identification is possible without monitoring conversations or behaviors within apps themselves.
Therefore, it is important to acknowledge that app usage data alone, which is often collected by a smartphone automatically, can potentially reveal a person’s identity. While providing new opportunities for law enforcement, it also poses risks to privacy if this type of data is misused.
1：What is the author’s attitude towards app usage data?
A. Cautious. B. Favorable. C. Doubtful. D. Uninterested.
例题2：Famously, Thoreau always set out equipped with a walking stick, which he used not only for support but also to take measurements of water and snow levels. His hat was also a tool, which he called his “botany-box.” And he was prepared even with needles and thread, so when coming out of the woods, he was “the best dressed.” Clearly, Thoreau was a bit of a cyborg himself.
Thinking more deeply, I realized we’ve come a long way from our hunter-gatherer ancestors, who walked from necessity and relied on nature’s gift. Cyborgs are us.
2：What is the author’s attitude towards being a cyborg?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
例题3：I believe my life was saved because of Beethoven's moonlight sonata (鸣奏曲) being put in a video game. To be clearer, I was a terrible kid, living in the mean streets of Philadelphia, where I frequently got involved with street gangs (一帮年轻人) and did horrible things I regret today. I was failing out of high-school and had no future prospects. The only music type I listened to at the time was rap and R&B, but classical music never crossed my ear.
2：Which word can best describe the author's childhood?
A．Awful. B．Common. C．Badly-off. D．Uncomfortable.
例题4：Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
4. What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?
A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic.
例题5：The video game industry has become one of the world’s most popular and profitable forms of entertainment. Video games generated nearly $178 bn in global income last year, according toa market research or on That fire is estimated to outweigh $200 bn by 2023.
For Amazon and Netflix, adding games to their platforms could attract more subscribers. Or at the very least dissuade existing ones from leaving. After a jump caused by pandemic in users, Netflix dropped 430,000 subscribers in the second quarter but regained some of these in the third quarter. Netflix has said in the past that in the “attention economy”, it competes against videogames just as much as video streaming services.
But gaming is a difficult market to enter. For every successful game, there are thousands of failures. Netflix hones to translate the success of shows like Stranger Things into video game hits. But good games need more than recognizable names. Development requires different infrastructure and talents.
5：What’s author s attitude towards video game industry?
A. Objective. B. Supportive. C. Critical. D. Unconcerned.
名校模拟练
1.（2023春•重庆江北•高三重庆十八中校考开学考试）Parents who want their kids to succeed more than anything are now being sold a high-tech solution. Class 120 is $199-a-year smartphone app that tracks teenagers and alerts parents if the kid isn’t in his or her scheduled class.
Is it a good idea for parents to track whether their young adults are in class? In short: No. This is a terrible idea.
One of the fundamental purposes of a college is learning to be an independent person. That means learning how to do what needs to be done, whether one particularly feels like doing it or not.
It’s easy to see why parents are keen on tracking their kids. A student is admitted to college by a process that focuses mainly on grades and scores. Monitoring grades and scores is easy. The parents may think that:
“Our child is succeeding. We are good parents. We are happy.” But grades and scores can’t tell everything.
They don’t take into account whether their kids have the strength of self-discipline (自律) and the skill needed to care for himself or herself.
Monitoring the development of character is much harder for parents. Character growth happens through encountering (遇到) and learning to deal with disappointments and failure. You never know which problem will be the point for growth.
However, letting kids fail can be really difficult for anxious parents. They believe that success means being perfect and never failing. The truth is that kids need to learn to fail.
College is an ideal place to practice adults’ responsibility and independence. Students need to make their own decisions about whether to get out of bed and go to work in the morning.
Maybe your child hasn’t learned this lesson by now, but he or she has to learn it sometime. An alarm clock’s job is to wake you up, but it does not provide a reason.
1．What’s author’s attitude toward tracking teenagers?
A．Supportive. B．Opposed. C．Indifferent. D．Disappointed.
2．According to the author, what’s the most important thing should a college student learn in school?
A．Avoiding failure. B．Keeping healthy.
C．Professional knowledge. D．Living independently.
3．What’s the author’s opinion on failure?
A．Failure means that a kid is not good enough.
B．Failure may be the key part of kid’s development.
C．Everyone should manage to avoid failure at any time.
D．Failure will bring many negative influences to children.
4．What does the underlined sentence mean in the last paragraph?
A．An alarm clock is necessary for a kid.
B．A kid should buy a talking alarm clock.
C．A kid should get up early for learning without any reason.
D．A kid should always maintain a sense of responsibility and independence.

2.（2023秋•北京•高三北师大实验中学校考开学考试）Removing gender bias
Tailors worked out long ago that men and women have different shapes. Yet this message has failed to enter many other areas of design. Car seat belts, for example, which date back to the 1880s, are often still more suitable for men, who tend to sit farther back than women when driving. And today the most forward-looking tech companies on Earth are still placing old-school bias (偏见；成见) into new products. Consider smart phones. Most are too big to fit comfortably into the average woman’s hand, as are many video-game controllers.
An obvious part of the explanation for their design problem is that men control most of its companies—male-run firms receive 82% of venture-capital (VC) funding. Male bosses may be unaware of the problems women face. They may not flag up obvious areas of concern, or ask the right questions when doing their research for a new product design. And once an idea gets the green light, it will then be handled by product-design and engineering teams, three-quarters of whose members are men. These teams often use data to make decisions, but mixing all users together means they may fail to spot trends based on sex differences. Dependence on historical data, and the lack of data on underrepresented groups, can also create bias in algorithms (算法).
Next comes testing. Naturally, designers test original models on their intended customers, but they may not get feedback from a broad enough group of people. There is also the risk of confirmation bias—designers may listen to what they want to hear, and ignore negative reactions from some groups of users.
Tech’s design bias needs fixing for moral, safety and business reasons. The ethical importance is obvious: it is wrong that women have to make do with a “one-size-fits-men” world, as Caroline Criado Perez, a writer, puts it. As for safety, regulators can tackle that by banning things that are dangerous to women—including seat belts—because they are no! designed properly.
But there is also a powerful business case for avoiding design bias, because huge opportunities are being missed. Women are 50% of the population, and make 70—80% of the world’s consumer-spending decisions.
Change is coming. The first voice-recognition systems struggled to understand female voices, but most now manage just fine. “Femtech” start-up companies, which focus on women’s health and well-being, may raise MYM 1 billion by the end of this year. VC funds and tech firms are hiring more women. Ensuring that products are designed for everyone would lead to happier and safer customers. For the companies that get it right, that means higher profits. What is holding them back?
5．The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means ________.
A．hits the market B．gets approval
C．becomes successful D．comes into being
6．What is discussed in Paragraphs 2 and 3?
A．Why tech’s design bias needs to be fixed.
B．How gender bias is affecting tech companies.
C．Where gender bias in product design is rooted.
D．Who is to blame for gender bias in tech companies.
7．We can learn from the passage that ________.
A．tech companies are unwilling to change
B．design bias may result in missed opportunities
C．male workers benefit more in engineering teams
D．tech companies are poor at making user-friendly products
8．How does the author feel about the future of bias-free product design?
A．Uncertain. B．Sceptical.
C．Positive. D．Negative.

3.（2023•四川成都•四川省成都市第八中学校校考二模）Cigarettes aren’t just harmful when they’re being smoked. Even when cigarette ends go out and are cold, new research has found they continue to give off harmful chemicals in the air. In the first 24 hours alone, scientists say a used cigarette end will produce 14 percent of the nicotine (尼古丁) that an actively burning cigarette would produce.
While most of these chemicals are released within a day of being put out, an analysis for the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found the level of nicotine fell by just 50% five days later.
“I was absolutely surprised,” since environmental engineer Dustin Poppendieck from the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). “The numbers are significant and could have important impacts when cigarette ends are dealt with indoors or in cars. While much attention has been paid to the health influence of first-hand, second-hand and now third-hand smoking, it is not the case when it comes to the actual cigarette end of the matter.”
To measure emissions (排放) from this forgotten thing, Poppendieck and his team placed 2,100 cigarettes that were