Unit-4-Body-Language【重点语法】(原卷版).docx

重点语法 Unit4 （原卷版）
2021-2022学年高二英语上册链接教材精准变式练（人教版2019）
教材重点语法知识链接及典例解读

动词ing的用法--作宾语和表语
判断下列教材中句子的画线部分在句中所作的成分
1.The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.
2.In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero.
3.However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany,as it is not considered polite.
4.Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands,bowing from the waist or nodding the head when they meet someone else.
5.A good way of saying"I am full"is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.
6.And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.

知识点
动词-ing 作宾语
动词-ing 作宾语时，可位于动词之后，也可位于介词之后，具体用法如下∶
1.常接动词-ing 形式作宾语的动词及短语动词
appreciate（欣赏），consider（考虑），delay（推迟），avoid（避免），finish（完成），imagine（想象），miss（错过），mean（意味着），resist（抗拒），risk（冒险），suggest（建议），mind（介意）， escape（避开），admit（承认），allow（允许），give up（放弃）， insist on（坚决要求），feel like（想要），be used to（习惯于）， lead to（导致），look forward to（期待，盼望）等动词及短语动词后通常接动词-ing 形式作宾语。
He got well-prepared for the interview,for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity.他为这次面试做好了准备，因为他不能冒险失去这一良机。
>Do you mind passing me that dictionary?你介意把那本词典递给我吗?
>I have been looking forward to hearing from you.我一直盼望着收到你的来信。
2. 作介词的宾语
动词-ing 位于介词之后，构成介词短语，在句中作定语或状语。
These measures have created conditions for raising the output of steel.
这些措施为提高钢的产量创造了条件。
One never loses by doing a good turn.【谚】善有善报。
After looking at his watch，he hurried to the station.看了看表后，他匆忙赶往火车站。
He would never think of giving up this project.他是绝不会考虑放弃这一计划的。
特别提醒
动词-ing 的前面可以有自己的逻辑主语以构成复合结构，其形式有以下几种∶
①形容词性物主代词 ＋动词-ing
②名词's ＋动词-ing
③人称代词宾格＋动词-ing
④名词＋动词-ing
He left the city without our knowing it.他离开了这座城市，我们都不知道。
Would you mind my/me using your cell phone?你介意我用你的手机吗?
I knew nothing about the window being open.我一点儿也不知道窗户开着。
语法填空
1.（2020·天津阅读表达改编）As we organized teams，prepared resources and practiced_________(answer) questions,I felt more connected than I ever had to any sports team.
2.（2020·天津单项填空改编）To help us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested ________(read) through our notes.
3.（2020·山东语法填空改编）As well as looking at exhibits，visitors can play with computer simulations（模拟） and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or___________(walk) through a rainforest.
4.（2020·全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解改编）People in Ethiopian highlands have adapt to_______( live)at high
altitudes.
5.（2020·全国Ⅱ卷语法填空节选）They represent the earth____________(come)back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.

3.动词-ing 与动词不定式作宾语的区别
（1）begin，start，continue 等动词后既可跟动词不定式作宾语，又可跟动词-ing 作宾语，二者意义差别不大。
I was allowed to continue using/to use the library.我获准继续使用那个图书馆。
The students began doing/to do the experiment.学生们开始做实验。
特别提醒
在下面的情况中，动词 begin和 start 后只能接不定式。
（1）当 begin和start 本身用于进行时的时候。
The students are starting to work on the maths problems.学生 们开始做数学题。
（2）当 begin 和start与know，understand等表示心理状态的动词连用时。
I began to understand what had happened.我开始明白发生了什么。
（2）love，like，hate 等动词后可跟动词-ing 和动词不定式作宾语。动词-ing 通常表示习惯性、经常性的动作，动词不定式可表示一次性的具体的动作。
He likes swimming,but he doesn't like to go to swim this afternoon.他喜欢游泳，但今天下午他不想去游泳。
（3）接动词-ing 和接动词不定式作宾语时意义差别较大的动词和短语动词∶
forget to do sth.忘记要做某事
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事
remember to do sth.记得要做某事
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
regret to do sth.遗憾地去做某事
regret doing sth.后悔做过某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
can't help to do sth.不能帮忙做某事
cant help doing sth.忍不住做某事
tty to do sth.努力做某事
try doing sth.尝试做某事
go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事
go on doing sth.继续做同一件事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事
stop doing sth.停止做某事
>Don't forget to put the milk in the fridge before you leave home.你离开家之前别忘了把牛奶放进冰箱里。
>He forgot telling me what had happened.他忘记他已经告诉我发生的事情了。
We regret to inform you that your application has been rejected.我们很遗憾地通知您，您的申请已经被拒绝了。
I regret spending so much money on a car.我后悔在一辆汽车上花这么多钱。
With so much work to do，I can't help to wash the clothes.因为有这么多工作要做，我不能帮忙洗衣服。
>I can't help thinking he knows more than he has told us.我总觉得他没把他知道的事全告诉我们。
特别提醒
在demand，need，require，want 等表示"需要"的动词后面可接动词-ing 作宾语（用主动形式表示被动含义），也可接不定式的被动式作宾语。
>My shirt needs washing.=My shirt needs to be washed.我的衬衫需要洗了。
真题链接语法填空
1.（2020·全国Ⅰ卷完形填空改编）Since our twins began__________(learn) to walk, my wife and I have kept_________(tell)them that our sliding glass door is just a window.
2.（2020·全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解改编）When you were trying___________(figure)out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list,fur probably didn't cross your mind.
3.（2020·天津阅读表达改编）I probably would have continued___________(try) to keep up with him or the rest of my high school carer, but when my family moved, everything changed.
4.（2020·天津阅读理解改编）We stop ________（ask）questions. We stop _______ (challenge) custom. We just follow the crowd.
5.（2018·浙江语法填空改编）I still remember__________(visit)a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
6.（2018·天津单项填空改编）I didn’t mean__________（eat） anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______( try)it.

动词-ing 作表语
1.作表语的动词-ing有时体现的是名词的特性，用于对主语的内容进行解释说明，且主语和表语可以换位。
>What I am tired of is waiting here alone.(=Waiting here alone is what l am tired of.）我厌烦独自在这里等待。
My job is teaching you English.(=Teaching you English is my job. ）我的工作是教你们英语。
2.作表语的动词-ing有时是形容词性的，表示主语的性质或特征，主语和表语不可换位。
The news is encouraging.这条消息令人鼓舞。
特别提醒
动词-ing作表语表示一般性的动作;动词不定式作表语表示一次具体的动作或将要发生的事。
His hobby is painting.他的爱好是画画。（一般性的动作）
Today what he wants to do is to paint.今天他想要做的事是画画。（具体的动作）
His wish is to become an artist.他的愿望是成为一名艺术家。（将要发生的事）
语法填空
1.（2020·全国Ⅰ卷语法填空改编）Landing on the moon's far side is extremely _______( challenge).
2.（2020·全国 Ⅱ卷阅读理解改编）My first job was__________( work) at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old.

一．用括号内词的适当形式填空
1.There is no need for you to go on a diet.You are only________(slight)overweight in relation to your height.
2.The old man______(bend)over, picked up the plastic bag from the ground and then threw it into the dustbin
3.Meaning is conveyed not only by words,but also by_________(verbal) communication.
4.（天津高考单项填空改编）The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows,_________(make)air conditioning unnecessary.

二．完成句子
1.学校要求学生们每天至少锻炼一个小时。
The school______________________for at least an hour every day. (call on)
2. 这位女士总是把她的房子收拾得整整齐齐，把一切都保持得井井有条。
The lady always _____________________and keeps everything in good order.(straighten up)
3.婚礼仪式之后，我们都摆好姿势照相。
After the wedding ceremony, we all_________________________(pose).

三．用括号内词的适当形式填空
1.（全国Ⅰ卷语法填空改编）Fast food is full of fat and salt; by______(eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
2.My duties will include ____________(introduce)British visitors to the pandas at Chengdu.
3.（2020·全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解七选五改编）And when your employees begin _________(add)smiling emojis to their business communication,you'll know you have succeeded in______________(improve)your work culture.
4. What I dislike is_________(stay)up too late.
5.After________(look)at the toy for some time,he tuned around and found his parents were missing. 6.Keep in mind that forgiveness doesn't necessarily mean__________(accept)the actions of the person who upsets you.
7.The speech you delivered is very interesting and ________________(encourage).
8.（2018·全国Ⅲ卷语法填空改编）I quickly lower myself，___________(look)directly into his
ducking my head to avoid eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.
9.（2020·天津完形填空改编）All who participated have gained a positive outcome from
_________(get)involved.
10.（2020·全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解改编）The engineers are also trying____________(develop)an on and of "switch" where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
11.（2020·山东阅读理解七选五改编）So，don’t stop___________(speak)when you make a mistake unless it's a truly serious one.
12. After he finished ___________(do) maths homework, he went on_________(write) a composition.
13.Have you forgotten _____________(borrow)some books from me last month? Will you please remember______________(bring) them tomorrow?
14.I ask him______________the trees, because they require_________in this hot weather.(water)
15.The teacher's explanation of the problem was so______________(confuse)that most of us couldn't understand.

四．阅读理解七选五
（2020·广东揭阳期末）What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow,orange,red? ___1___ Do you prefer grey and blue? Then you are probably quiet,shy,and you would rather follow than lead.You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us,and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colour preference,as well as the effect that colours have on human beings.__2____ If you happen to love brown,you did so as soon as you opened your eyes,or at least as soon as you could see clearly.
___3____ A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. ___4______A black bridge over the River Thames,near London,used to be the scene of more suicides（自杀）than any other bridge in the area— until it was repainted green. The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply.Perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been repainted pink or baby blue. ____5____ It is an established fact that factory workers work better,harder,and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.
A.But black is depressing.
B.They tell us,among other facts,that we do not choose our favourite colour as we grow up — we are born with our preference.
C.The rooms are painted in different colours as you like.
D.If you do,you must be an optimist,a leader, or an active person who enjoys life and excitement.
E.Light and bright colours make people not only happier but more active.
F.Life is like a picture or a poem,full of different colours.
G. Colours do influence our moods — there is no doubt about it