06-形容词(副词)与语法填空(解析版).doc

备战2022年浙江新高考英语一轮复习考点帮
06 形容词(副词)与语法填空
重点考法一 形容词与副词的基本用法
1.形容词和副词的句法功能
词性
功能
例句
形容词
在句中做定语、表语、补语和状语(说明主语的状态、性质和特征等)
Optimistic, she is the sort of lady to spread sunshine to people through her smile. 乐观的她是那种通过微笑把阳光传递给他人的女士。
副词
在句中做状语，修饰动词(短语)、形容词、副词、介词短语和句子等，方位副词可做后置定语、表语或补语
I could't find my way out, so I stayed there all along. 我找不到出去的路，因此我一直待在那里。
2.兼有两种形式的副词
其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀­ly。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不同。
close接近(指距离)—closely仔细地，密切地
free免费—freely自由地，自如地
deep深—deeply深刻地，深入地
hard努力地—hardly几乎不
wide宽阔地—widely广泛地
high高—highly高度地
late晚，迟—lately近来
near邻近—nearly几乎
most最—mostly主要地；绝大多数地
pretty相当地—prettily优美地
[提示]　
下列单词以­ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、 lonely、 lovely、 deadly、 friendly、 ugly、 silly、 likely、 brotherly、 timely等。
3．常用的连接性副词(完形中常考)
though一般用于句末，意为“然而，可是”，表示转折。
meanwhile意为“在此期间”，表示两个动作同时发生。
therefore/thus/consequently意为“因此，所以”，表示结果。
moreover/furthermore/additionally意为“此外”，表承接关系。
besides意为“另外，还有”，表示递进关系。
however意为“然而”，表示让步、转折，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
instead意为“相反”，表示相反的情况。
anyway/anyhow意为“尽管，即使这样”，表示让步。

重点考法二 比较级和最高级的用法
高考对形容词和副词比较等级的考查主要体现在两个方面：一是通过标志词than或表比较意义的语境推出用比较级或最高级；二是考查一些固定结构中比较级和最高级的用法。
1．比较级和最高级的构成
(1)规则形式
①单音节以及少数双音节的形容词和副词，在原级后加－er、 －est构成，如clever—cleverer—cleverest。其他特殊变化见下表：
特殊情况
构成方法
例词
以不发音的－e结尾
加－r和－st
brave—braver—bravest
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾
变－y为i，再加－er和－est
happy—happier—happiest
以重读闭音节结尾
双写词尾，再加－er和－est
hot—hotter—hottest
②多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在原级前加more、 most构成。
active—more active—most active
happily—more happily—most happily
(2)不规则形式
good/well—better—best
far—farther/further—farthest/furthest
bad/ill/badly—worse—worst
2．等级用法的固定句型
(1)同级比较：as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as，其否定形式是“not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”。
(2)比较级结构：形容词/副词的比较级＋than; more/less＋多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词＋than。常见的修饰比较级的词有any、 much、 even、 far、 by far、 a lot、 a great deal等。
·The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read.
这本书比我以前读的书有趣多了。
(3)最高级结构： the＋形容词的最高级(＋名词)＋比较范围(in/of/among短语)；one of the＋形容词的最高级＋名词复数。常用来修饰最高级的词有by far、almost以及序数词等。
·Raymond's parents wanted him to have the best possible education.
雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。
3．比较级的常用句型
(1)“比较级＋and＋比较级”或“more and more＋原级”表示“越来越……”。
·Holiday flight tickets are getting less and less expensive.
假期的机票越来越便宜了。
(2)“the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...”，表示“越……，越……”。
·The more you listen and read, the better you write and speak.
你听得越多、读得越多，你的写作和口语就越好。
(3)“the＋比较级＋of (the)＋名词/代词”，表示“(两者中)较……的”。
·Of the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller one, which is very easy for me to carry.
这两个照相机，我喜欢较小的一个，它容易携带。
4．比较级形式表达最高级的含义
(1)“否定词语＋比较级”或“否定词语＋such/so ... as”结构表示最高级含义。
·Your story is perfect; I've never heard a better one before.
你的故事太完美了，我从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。
(2)比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义：
①比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词；
②比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词；
③比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词。
·The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.
长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。
5．倍数表达法
常见的倍数表达句型主要有：
(1)A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
(2)A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B
(3)A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size、 length、 height等)＋of＋B
(4)the＋名词(size、 length、 height等)＋of A＋is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B
(5)A is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句
·Smoking is harmful to people's health, killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents.
吸烟有害健康，每年因抽烟而丧命的人比死于交通事故的多7倍。
【典例示例】
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are ________ (high) than they actually are.
答案与解析　higher　根据设空后的比较级提示词than可知，设空处应填形容词的比较级，故填higher。
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much ________ (well) after seeing a doctor.
答案与解析　better　设空前是比较级修饰语much，故用well(健康；身体好)的比较级形式，填better。
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)He screams the ________ (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.
答案与解析　loudest　根据语境“他尖叫的声音最大”，结合设空前的定冠词the和设空后的表示范围的介词短语of all可知，该空应用最高级，故填loudest。
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Even ________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
答案与解析　worse　句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。设空前是比较级修饰语Even, 故设空处应填比较级。注意bad/badly 的比较级和最高级分别是worse, worst。类似用法还有：what's_worse/worse_still/even_worse_“更糟糕的是”。
5.语法填空
(2020·豪州联考)A material can be really special when it was named after the place where it (create) originally. That's certainly the case with “china”. And all types of china, white porcelain (瓷) is among the most famous.
Nowadays, the (tradition) material has taken on a modern look in the (hand) of four Chinese artists in the Modern White Porcelain Exhibition. And the key word here is “modern”. One of the works (be) a porcelain boat. But look (attentive) and you will see that the boat (build) with porcelain looks like a takeout box. Inside the boat is a statue of a baby. The baby stands for humans and the boat is supports life. It suggests we may have done some damage to environment and that we're treating life like fast food.
All the four artists gave white porcelain a model style, each in (they) own way. And this is what the exhibition's theme comes from. It's a dialogue between the past and the present.
答案与解析　
1．was created　考查动词的时态和语态。 when引导的从句是一般过去时，故where引导的定语从句用一般过去时； 主语it 与create是被动关系， 故用一般过去时的被动语态， 填was created。
2．of　考查介词。 此处指“在瓷器的所有类型之中”， 应用介词of。
3．traditional　考查词形转换。 设空在句中做定语， 修饰material, 表“传统的”， 填traditional。
4．hands　考查名词的数。 设空后是four Chinese artists, 故hand 应用复数形式。
5．is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处表达的是客观事实， 应用一般现在时；主语是One of the works, 故谓语用单数形式， 填is。
6．attentively　考查词形转换。 设空在句中做状语， 修饰look, 应用副词，填attentively。
7．built　考查非谓语动词。 build与boat是逻辑上的动宾关系， 应用过去分词做定语， 填built。
8．what　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，“ supports life” 是表语从句， 从句中缺少主语， 表“什么”， 应用what引导表语。
9．the　考查冠词。 指环境， 应用the environment, 故填定冠词the。
10．their　考查代词。 设空在句中修饰名词way, 应用形容词性物主代词， 填their。
【考法微点】
1．设空后含有than结构时，用比较级。
2．设空前有用来修饰比较级的词语much、 far、 even、 rather、 any、 a little、 a bit、 a great deal及倍数等时，用比较级。
3．表“越……，就越……”用“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”。
4．句中虽没有than，但暗含比较级，也用比较级。
5．设空后有表示范围的标志词“in＋范围”“of＋范围”“among＋范围”等时，用最高级。
6．设空前有(one of＋) the、 the＋序数词、 by far the等修饰词时，用最高级。
【拓展运用】
1
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are moments in life 1. you miss some people so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real! When the door of happiness closes，2. opens，but often we look so long at the closed door that we don't see the one which 3. (close) for us.Don't go for looks; they can deceive(欺骗). Don't go for wealth; even that fades away.Go for someone 4. makes you smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright.Dream what you want 5. (dream)；go where you want to go; be what you want to be.The 6. (happy) people don't 7. (necessary) have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that 8. (come) along their way.The brightest future will always be based on a 9. (forget) past.When you were born，you were crying and everyone 10. you was smiling.Live your life so that when you die，you're the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying.
【答案】
1. when
2. another
3. has been closed
4. who
5. to dream
6. happiest
7. necessarily
8. comes
9. forgotten
10. around
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在生活中的一些体会：快乐的人不一定拥有最好的东西，他们只是珍惜人生中的一切，善于抓住生活中美好的一面，时刻对未来充满期许。
1. 考查定语从句。句意：生命中很多时候你会特别想念一些人以至于你想把他们从梦中拉出来，紧紧地拥抱他们。在先行词为时间名词moments，从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。
2. 考查形容词。句意：当一扇幸福的们关闭时，另一扇又打开时。another意为“另一，又一”，符合语境，故填another。
3. 考查时态和语态。句意：当一扇幸福的们关闭时，另一扇又打开时，但我们仅仅看到关着的门，而没看那扇早就为我们开着的门。根据语境，从句中的谓语应为现在完成时的被动语态，故填has been closed。
4. 考查定语从句的先行词。句意：寻找那些让你微笑的人，因为仅一个微笑就能让黑暗的一天雨过天晴。先行词someone是指人的不定代词，定语从句中谓语动词makes缺主语，故填who。
5. 考查动词的固定搭配。句意：做你想做的梦吧.去你想去的地方吧.成为你想成为的人吧。动词want后面加动词不定式，故此处应填to dream。
6. 考查形容词的最高级。句意：最快乐的人不需要拥有世界上最好的东西。由空前的the和空后的best可知此处要用最高级，此处应填happiest。
7. 考查副词。句意：最快乐的人不需要拥有世界上最好的东西。动词have要用副词来修饰，故填necessarily，意为“必要地”。
8. 考查时态。句意：他们只是充分利用他们所拥有的东西。他们这里说的是客观事实，故用一般现在时；定语从句的关系代词that指代先行词everything，故该空填动词的第三人称单数comes。
9. 考查过去分词。句意：忘掉过去你将迎来美好的未来。Forgotten是forget的过去分词。名词past意为“过去”，和forget之间为动宾关系，故填过去分词作定语，故填forgotten。
10. 考查副词。句意：当你出生时，你在哭泣而你周边的人在微笑。around意为“环绕，在周围”，符合语境，故填around。
2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Which is the most significant classical Chinese painting? According to Paul Denlinger, who 11. ( come) to China many times when young, it should be Qingming Shanghe Tu or Along the River During the Qingming Festival. This12. ( create) dates back to the Northern Song dynasty.
This painting is important13. several reasons. First, up until this time, almost all Chinese 14. ( painting) were landscapes, which did not feature people at all or had only a few people. 15. ( two) , this is the first scroll (卷轴)painting to describe both Chinese urban and suburban life during the period in the capital, Bianjing ( now Kaifeng, in Henan province). Third, the painting is highly detailed, 16. ( feature ) shops of all kinds and different economic activities in and out of the city. People are able to see the Chinese technologies of the time, which helps them 17. great deal in understanding 18. the Chinese lived.
The Beijing Palace Museum keeps the19. ( origin) Song painting and one of its famous copies—the Qing version 20. ( hold) in the M National Palace Museum” in Taipei.
【答案】
11. came
12. creation
13. for
14. paintings
15. Second
16. featuring
17. a
18. how
19. original
20. is held
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了清明上河图为什么是最重要的中国古典绘画的原因。
11. 考查一般过去时。由“when young”可知，定语从句为一般过去时，所以谓语动词为came。故填came。
12. 考查名词。分析句子可知，本句的主语为This___( create)，所以this后接名词creation做句子的主语。故填creation。
13. 考查介词。for“因为”为介词符合句意，后接名词reasons作宾语。故填for。
14. 考查名词复数。painting为可数名词，且由all修饰，所以填名词复数paintings。故填paintings 。
15. 考查副词。分析句子可知，本句在说明清明上河图为什么重要的第二点原因，且由“First， Third”也可知，空处填Second。故填Second。
16. 考查现在分词。分析句子可知，主语the painting与feature在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填featuring。
17. 考查固定短语。a great deal“许多，大量”为固定短语。当副词表程度 ，修饰形容词、副词或动词。故填a。
18. 考查连接副词。分析句子可知，understanding后接宾语从句，宾语从句缺少表示方式的连接副词how。故填 how。
19. 考查形容词。original为形容词修饰名词Song painting。故填original。
20. 考查一般现在时的被动语态。分析句子可知，and并列连接两个句子，由“the Beijing Palace Museum keeps”可知，and之后的句子为一般现在时，主语 one of its famous copies—the Qing version与谓语hold为被动，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故填 is held。
3
阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或填入括号内单词的正确形式。
I felt butterflies in my stomach when I started calligraphy class ten years ago. I wondered what I was doing there. At that moment, I couldn't have known that I'd just made one of the best 21. (choose) of my life.
I sat down and listened to the teacher introducing the tools of the craft. Then 22. was the first time for me that I had tried my hand. I took up the brush, using the correct gesture, 23. (dip) it in the ink, and carefully wrote "one" 24. Chinese.
Over 25. past five years, I have learned to make versions of well-known poems. Calligraphy seemed like a bridge, 26. connected me to authors from centuries past. Stroke(笔画) by stroke, word by word, I could feel their emotions, cherished my own peace and learned 27. (appreciate) my daily life.
Now, calligraphy is not just a hobby, 28. a way to remove myself from the worries of life. Rolling out the paper, I can write for a whole day. Calligraphy 29. (able) me to balance my busy schedule and live 30. (peace).
【答案】
21. choices
22. it
23. dipped
24. in
25. the
26. which
27. to appreciate
28. but
29. enables
30. peacefully
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者从初上书法课的迷茫，到书法课成为自己身边必不可少的一部分的心理历程。
21. 考查名词的数。分析句子结构可知，one of the best后加名词复数，表示“最好的……之一”，故填choices。
22. 考查固定句型。分析句子结构可知，it is/was the+序数词+time that是固定句型，意为“这是第几次……”，故填it。
23. 考查时态。句意：我拿起画笔，用正确的手势蘸了蘸墨水，小心翼翼地用中文写着“一”。结合句意可知，句中的三个动作take up, dip, write是连贯的、并列的，故时态一致，故填dipped。
24. 考查介词。句意：小心翼翼地用中文写着“一”。分析句子结构可知，空处填介词，表示“用……门语言”用介词in，故填in。
25. 考查冠词。句意：在过去的五年里，我学会了翻译一些著名的诗歌。over the past five years意为“在过去的五年里”，表示特指，故填the。
26. 考查定语从句连词。分析句子结构可知，空处填关系代词，在从句中作主语，先行词是a bridge，故填which。
27. 考查动词的固定结构。句意：我可以感受到他们的情绪，珍惜自己的平静，学会欣赏我的日常生活。learn to do sth.意为“学做……”，故填to appreciate。
28. 考查并列连词。句意：现在，书法不仅仅是一种爱好，而是一种让自己摆脱生活烦恼的方式。根据句意可知，not…but…意为“不是……而是……”，故填but。
29. 考查时态和主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，空处填时态，结合语境，此处用一般现在时，且主语是calligraphy，故填enables。
30. 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处填副词，修饰动词live，故填peacefully。
4
Red envelopes have played 31. important part in Chinese New Year for as long as anyone can remember. So what’s the story behind the red envelopes during Chinese New Year?
One popular story 32. (date) back to the Qin Dynasty, when the elderly would thread coins onto a red string. This money 33. (call) yasui qian in Chinese, meaning “ money protecting oneself from evil spirits ” , and was believed to protect elder people from sickness and 34. (die). As the printing press became more common, the yasui qian was replaced 35. red envelopes.
Another legend tells of a village 36. a demon (恶魔)would terrorize children at night. It was believed that the demon would touch the children’s heads while they were asleep, 37. (cause) serious illness. From there, a theory emerged that when they prayed, the god would send eight fairies to protect the child. The fairies would disguise(伪装) 38. (they) as eight coins and hide under the child’s pillow. When the demon got close, the coins would begin to shine very 39. (bright) , blinding the demon. Word began to spread and the villagers started giving red envelopes 40. (fill) with coins to each other to put under their pillows at night. As time passed, red envelopes became a way to bring good luck and prosperity to the receiver.
【答案】
31. an
32. dates
33. was called
34. death
35. with
36. where
37. causing
38. themselves
39. brightly
40. filled
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了红包的来历。
31. 考查冠词。part是可数名词单数形式，且important 的发音以元音音素开头，play an important part in... 意为“在……中发挥重要作用”。故填an。
32. 考查时态。date back to意为“始于(某时期)，追溯到……年代”，根据上下文可知，该短语常用一般现在时,没有被动语态和进行时。故填dates。
33. 考查时态和语态。根据下文中的 “ and was believed o protect elder people ”可知，空处应用一般过去时；This money和call之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。故填was called。
34. 考查名词。根据空前的名词sickness和and可知，death与名词sickness是并列的关系，应填名词形式。故填death。
35. 考查介词。此处为“replace A with B ”结构的被动形式，意为“用B替换A”。故填with。
36. 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a village，它是表示地点的名词，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，所以要且关系副词引导该从句，故填 where。
37. 考查非谓语动词。句意：人们相信恶魔会在孩子们睡着的时候摸他们的头，结果引起严重的疾病。根椐语境可知，此处是表示顺理成章的结果，应用动词-ing形式作结果状语。故填causing。
38. 考查代词。此处指仙女们把自己伪装成八个硬币。当主语和宾语是同一个人或物时，宾语要用其反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。
39. 考查副词。根据空前的动词shine和very可知,此处应用副词brightly修饰动词shine。故填brightly。
40. 考查非谓语动词。red envelopes与fill之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，意思是“被装满了硬币的信封”，所以应用动词-ed形式作后置定语。故填filled。
5
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号单词的正确形式。
The Wandering Earth is a Chinese science fiction movie, 41. is based on the novel of 42. same name by Liu Cixin, and was released on February 5, 2019, the Chinese New Year’s Day.
After learning the sun is dying out, people all around the world feel 43. (frighten),
so they build giant planet thrusters (星球推进器) 44. ( move ) the earth out of its orbit and sail 45. to a new star system. The 2500 years’ journey comes with unexpected dangers, but in order to save humanity, a group of young people come out bravely and fight hard for everyone’s 46. (survive).
We 47. (impress) to see the theme of this film. It doesn’t particularly show somebody’s ability to save ou