专题21-书面表达(初高考点差异及衔接)(解析版).docx

书面表达（初高考点差异及衔接）

高中要求
　高分作文特点
　1）好的布局
　(结构清晰、段落分明、要点齐全、分布合理
　2)语法正确
　(单词拼写，短语搭配，句型)
　3）好词好句

一．谋篇布局

[常用开头句式]
As the proverb says/As the saying goes, “Time is money.”
With the development of the Internet, computers play an important role in people's life.
It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.
There is no denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind.
It is well­known that an elephant is a very kind and gentle animal.
I'm excited to learn that we are going to start a magazine.

[常用顺承句式]
Take Beijing for example, it is one of the biggest cities in the world.
What is more serious is that we don't cherish wildlife.
As far as I am concerned, they stand for love, friendship and unity.

[常用转折过渡句式]
Whatever/No matter what you say, he won't believe you.
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
As a matter of fact, I didn't agree with you.

[常用结尾句式]
I'd appreciate it if you could deliver them as soon as possible.
Only with combined efforts can we expect our hometown to take on a new look in the near future.
We can, therefore, come to the conclusion that nothing is so precious as peace in the world.
From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that you must have self­confidence if you want to achieve something.

Ⅰ.用过渡词汇或句式补全句子
1．First_of_all/To_begin_with (首先), the most significant thing is to set a goal, work out a plan and carry out your plan step by step.
2．As_far_as_I_am_concerned (就我而言), I love wealth, but I value health more.
3．As_a_matter_of_fact/In_fact (事实上), advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.
4．Besides/In_addition/What's_more/Moreover (况且), listening to some soft music does relax your mood and give you a new start.
5．I lost my way in the forest and to_make_matters_worse/worse_still (更糟的是), it got dark.
6．Therefore (因此), I suggest we live in harmony with the nature.
7．In_a_word/In_conclusion/In_short/In_brief (总之), changes in our life in the past twenty years have brought us comfort and convenience.
8．It's_(high)_time_that (到了……的时候了) we took some measures to solve the problem.
9．We_can_draw_a_conclusion_that (我们可以得出一个结论) our society is progressing and people are living a better life than ever before.
10．From_this_experience,_I_learned that (从这次经历中，我了解到) being careful is very important and that we can't be too careful, especially in examinations.

二．让作文“有话可说”
下面介绍几种细化提纲的方法，让作文“有话可说”，达到基本的词数要求。
1．追加成分
在要点基础上适当增加合乎逻辑的附加成分，如定语(从句)、状语(从句)、非谓语动词、独立主格结构等。不仅增加了词数，而且使表达更清晰、准确，主题更突出。
[典例1]　(开设英语电影欣赏课)建议多选择英语电影。
As a young student, I suggest that the teacher should choose more English films that appeal to us teenagers, thus making English learning more interesting.
[典例2]　(演讲注意事项)要面带微笑；要讲慢些，讲清楚。
Be sure to wear a smile on your face when you speak, which will make you relaxed. Besides, remember to speak slowly and clearly so that you can leave a good impression on the audience and judges.
2．补加语句
根据行文走向，适当增加一些与主题相关的语句，或由要点衍生的句子，既能起到前后关联的作用，又能补充一些相关信息，帮助读者理解所写内容。
[典例1]　(提醒考生注意)要按时进入考场。
Be sure to enter the examination room on time. Whoever is late won't be allowed to enter.
[典例2]　(谈论募捐善款用途)募捐得来的钱将送给急需的人。
The money collected in the charity sale will be sent to those in great need. This will not only help them through difficulties, but also give them warmth and happiness.
3．添加过渡
根据行文或段落需要，在句与句或段与段之间适当增加过渡词语，甚至过渡句，这样可以使文章浑然一体，同时又能充实文章。
[典例1]　话题：是否禁止广场舞
I don't think square dancing should be forbidden. The reasons are as follows. First of all/To begin with, dancing is a good way to take exercise, which can help people to build themselves up. It also provides a chance for people to communicate with each other. What's more, the square is a good place for people to work out.
[典例2]　学习与身体锻炼
Recently, a hot issue has been under discussion in our class, which is whether it is necessary for us Senior 3 students to go running three times a day.
Students' opinions are divided. Some students hold the view that there is no need to do so: On the one hand, it is a waste of time; on the other hand, they find it difficult to calm down and concentrate on lessons after running. What's worse, those who sweat may catch a cold easily.
However, others have the opposite opinion, arguing that running is the best way to refresh them and thus study efficiency can be improved. After running, they will be relaxed.
As far as I am concerned, running of course does good to us, but there seems no need to run so many times a day.
4．不忘收尾
书信中“适当的结尾”也是必须的，它不仅能呼应开头，深化主题，还能表达祝愿，阐述愿望。书信常用的结束语如下：
I'm looking forward to .../Looking forward to .../Look forward to ...
I'm waiting for your early reply.
Best wishes to you.
I would be grateful if you .../I'd appreciate it if you ...

三．美化词句
尽量用高级阶段学到的词代替低级阶段学到的词。
①And I treasure this as a good chance to broaden my perspective and improve my spoken English.
→And I treasure this as a good chance to broaden my perspective as well as improve my spoken English.(2018·浙江高考写作)
②The editing part after that was difficult.
→The editing part after that was tough.(2017·北京高考书面表达)
③This summer I want to do a part­time job in a foreign capital company, through which I would like to broaden my horizons, get some working experience and meet more new friends.
→This summer I intend to take up a part­time job in a foreign capital company, through which I would like to broaden my horizons, gain some working experience and meet more new friends.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
Ⅰ.请用更高级词汇替换黑体词汇
1．The teacher directed the gifted students towards the more difficult courses. difficult→challenging
2．We'll try our best to develop the traditional friendship between us.develop→promote
3．I can no longer bear the way he speaks to us.bear→put_up_with
4．I met one of my classmates on my way to school yesterday.met→came_across
5．He has decided to be a teacher when he grows up.
decided→determined/made_up_his_mind
6.Developing very quickly, the Internet causes the breakdown of face­to­face communication. causes→gives_rise_to
7．When you are bored with the people sometimes, you'd better find a quiet place, listening to some classical music._bored_with→fed_up_with
8．More and more visitors have been attracted to this place.
More_and_more→An_increasing_number_of
9．He didn't listen to what I said in the class.didn't_listen_to→turned_a_deaf_ear_to
10.Suddenly I thought of an idea that someone had broken into my house.　I_thought_of_an_idea→I_came_up_with_an_idea/an_idea_occurred_to_me

假如你叫李华，你的英国朋友Andrew下个月要来你校学习两个月。他来信请你对他上学期间的交通方式提出建议。现在，请你用英语回一封信，按以下各点答复：
1．建议骑自行车上学；
2．自行车是学生常用的交通工具；
3．骑自行车的一些好处；
4．骑自行车需注意的问题。
注意：词数80左右。
[习作评阅]——自我修改三档作文
Dear Andrew，
As for the question about the transportation to and from school，I'd like to recommend your riding ① bicycle.Here are some reasons.
② (骑自行车上、下学在学生中是很常见的。)As is well­known，buying or repairing a bicycle doesn't cost a lot.And parking a bicycle is easy in our school.Bicycle­riding is also a way to do ③exercises and protect the environment.What you should do ④careful is just to keep an appropriate speed while riding and lock it after you're off it.⑤By this way，you'll feel it simple and ⑥relax to ride a bicycle while you're here.
Hopefully，these tips could be helpful.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
1.避免词汇搭配错误
④处careful改为carefully
⑤处By改为In
2.杜绝语法错误
①处添加冠词a
③处exercises改为exercise
⑥处relax改为relaxing
3.要点一定不要遗漏
补上②处要点：Riding a bike to
and from school is very common among the students.
[自我提升]——向极优作文迈进
Dear Andrew，
As for the question about the transportation to and from school，I'd like to recommend your riding a bicycle.Here are some reasons.
Firstly，①riding a bike to and from school is very common among the students，for buying or repairing a bicycle doesn't cost a lot.Next，parking a bicycle is easy and ② (便利的)in our school.③ (事实上)，bicycle­riding is also a ④ (实用的)way to do exercise and protect the environment.What you should do carefully is just to keep an appropriate speed while riding and lock it after you're off it.In this way，you'll feel it simple and relaxing to ride a bicycle while you're here.
Hopefully，these tips could be helpful.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
1.高级词汇
②convenient
③Actually/As a matter of fact
④practical
2.高级句型
用it is common practice to do...改写句①加黑部分：it is common practice for the students to ride a bike to and from school

假如你是我市一名高三学生李华，你打算报考一所外语学院。你在网上看到上海外国语学院的招生信息(admission information)，并对此非常感兴趣。根据招生要求，你需要用英语撰写一份个人申请报告，内容应包括：
1．记述自己的个性特长及取得的成果；
2．说明进入大学后的努力方向及设想等。
词数：80左右。
[习作评阅]——自我修改三档作文
Dear Sir or Madam，
I read about the admission information while I ① am surfing the net the other day.I'm interested in it.
For one thing，I can get on well with all my classmates.For another，I do well in ② my most subjects，especially in English.I like reading English poems and ③ enjoying English movies.Speeches，④deliver by famous people are also my favorite.I once won the first prize in an English speech contest held in our city ⑤ was honored the Best Speaker for my performances.
English is so important to me that I intend to learn English ⑥ (如果我被您的大学录取)．I want to have a job ⑦relate to languages in the future.
I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours，
Li Hua
1.杜绝语法错误
①处am改为was
③处enjoying改为enjoy
④处deliver改为delivered
⑤处添加连词and
⑦处relate改为related
2.要点一定不要遗漏
补上⑥处要点：if I am admitted into your university
3.规避中式英语
②处“我的大部分学科”应准确表达成：most of my subjects
[自我提升]——向极优作文迈进
Dear Sir or Madam，
I read about the admission information ①while I was surfing the net the other day.I'm ② interested in it.
For one thing，I can get on well with all my classmates.For another，I do well in most of my subjects，especially in English.I like reading English poems and enjoy English movies.Speeches, delivered by famous people are also my favorite.③ ，I once won the first prize in an English speech contest held in our city and was honored the Best Speaker for my ④ performances.
English is so important to me that I intend to ⑤ (主修)English if I am admitted into your university.I want to have a job related to languages in the future.
I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours，
Li Hua
1.高级词汇
在③处加过渡词
What's more
⑤major in
2.高级句型
把①改为省略句：while surfing the net the other day
3.强烈的修辞意识
根据语境写出相应的修饰语
②really/quite
④excellent/outstanding