如何分析英语句子结构省名师优质课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,句子成份与句子结构,第1页,一、要搞清楚英语句子结构，我们先要搞清楚组成一个句子各个组成部分，即句子成份：,主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语概念。,1,、主语,：,是一个句子所要说明人和事物，是一句主体。如,I,study English,中,I,。,作主语有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和主语从句。,2,、谓语,：,它是说明主语动作或状态，如,I,study,English,中,study,.,作谓语有：及物动词或及物动词短语。,第2页,(,一,).,指出以下句中主语中心词,The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.There is an old man coming here.The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.,teacher,man,dictionary,To do,第3页,(,二,).,选出句中谓语中心词,(10,分，,10,分钟,)I dont like the picture on the wall.,A.dontB.like C.picture D.wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.,A.get B.longer C.days D.summer Do you usually go to school by bus?,A.DoB.usually C.goD.bus,We had better send for a doctor.,A.WeB.hadC.send D.doctor He is interested in music.,A.isB.interested C.in D.music Whom did you give my book to?,A.giveB.did C.whom D.book,B A C C A A,第4页,3,、,宾语,：,它是表示及物动词或及物动词短语所作用对象，如,I study,English,中,English,和,He makes full use of,his spare time,to study,中,his spare time.,介词后名词或代词，叫做介词宾语，如,He went away with,no words,中,no words.,作宾语有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和宾语从句。,第5页,My brother,hasnt,done,his homework,.,AB CD,People,all,over,the world,speak,English,.,AB CD You must pay,good,attention,to,your,pronunciation,.,A B CD,D D B,第6页,4,、表语,：,它是放在连系动词之后表示主语身份或特征,，如,That sounds,a,good idea,中,a good idea.,作表语有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、表地点或方位副词、不定式、动名词、分词和表语从句。,第7页,The old man,was,feeling,very,tired,.,A B CD Why is,he,worried,about,Jim,?,AB C D,The leaves,have,turned,yellow,.,A B CD,DBD,第8页,5,、,定语,：,它是限定名词或代词用，作定语有：名词、形容词、数词、介词短语、不定式、分词、动名词和定语从句，若是词则多作前置定语，若是短语或定语从句则只能作后置定语。如,the,polluted,river,中,polluted,和,the river,polluted by chemicals,中,polluted by chemicals.,第9页,They,use,Mr.Mrs.with the,family,name,.,A B C D,What,is,your,given,name,?,A B CD,On the,third,lap,are,Class 1 and Class 3,.,A B CD I am,afraid,some,people,forgot,to sweep,the floor.,A B C D,The man,downstairs,was,trying,to sleep,.,AB CD,I,am waiting,for,the sound,of the other shoe,!,A BCD,定语,C,C,A,B,B,D,第10页,6,、,状语,：,它是修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句用。如,I like it,very,much,中,very,修饰,much,而,much,又修饰,like,。,状语说明时间、地点、原因、目标、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。,其位置多位于句首或句尾，但,表频率或程度副词应位于句中,be,动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实义动词之前。地点和时间应按先小后大次序。,第11页,There,was,a big smile,on her face,.,A B CD,Every night,he,heard,the noise,upstairs,.,A B C D He,began,to learn,English,when he was eleven,.,A B CD,The man,on the motorbike,was travelling,to fast,.,A B CD,D,A,D,D,挑出以下句中状语,第12页,7,、,补足语,：,补充说明句中主语或者宾语，,作补足语有：名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式和分词（短语）。,如,I find it,interesting,中,interesting.,8,、,同位语,：,把一个名词（短语）、代词或从句放在另一名词或代词后，用以说明前者性质或情况，这么名词或代词叫同位语。如,We,Chinese people,，,love peace,中,Chinese people,是主语,We,同位语,.,第13页,She,likes,the children,to read newspapers and books,in the,reading-room,.,A B CD He,asked,her,to take the boy,out of school,.,A B CD,She,found,it,difficult,to do the work,.,A B CD,They,call,me,Lily,sometimes,.,A B C D,C C C C,挑出以下句中宾语补足语,第14页,Take a break!,第15页,二、按照句子结构来分，英语句子有以下三种类型：,1,、简单句,：,简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。如：,My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.,2,、并列句,：,并列句由并列连词或分号“；”把两个或两个以上简单句连在一起组成。如：,It is late,so we must hurry.,第16页,3,、复合句,：,复合句中含有一个或一个以上从句。如：,If we want to keep fit,we must always remember that prevention is better than cure.,从以上并列句和复合句例句来看，我们不难看出它们实际上是由几个简单句经过并列连词或隶属连词连接起来。所以，,只要我们掌握了简单句几个基本句型，我们就能够经过在句中寻找起连接作用连词来分析复杂句子,。,第17页,三、简单句五种基本句型,：,1,、主语,+,连系动词,+,表语,如：,Im not feeling well today.,Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.,连系动词有：,be,seem,appear,keep,prove,turn out/look,feel,sound,smell,taste/become,grow,get,turn,go,come(true),fall(ill,asleep),第18页,2,、主语,+,不及物动词（或短语）（,+,状语）,如：,The sun rises in the east.,The Opium War,（鸦片战争）,broke out in 1839.,3,、主语,+,及物动词（或短语）,+,宾语,如：,They decided to hold a class meeting.,We depend on our parents for food and clothing.,第19页,4,、主语,+,及物动词,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,如：,My father bought me an electronic dictionary.,Mr Wang teaches us chemistry.,用于此句型动词有,buy,find,bring,give,teach,pass,show,tell,do,leave,get,lend,lose,（使,失去）,cost(,使,付出代价）,offer,promise,sing,write,deny,envy.,He,denies,his wife nothing.,第20页,5,、主语,+,及物动词,+,宾语,+,宾语补足语,如：,Marx made London,the base,for his revolutionary work.,The boy made his sister,cry,.,Our teacher encouraged us,to work hard,.,Our headteacher required us,not to be late for class,第21页,.,1),、接名词作补足语动词有：,call,choose,think,consider,believe,find,make,etc.,2),、接动词不定式作补足语动词有：,see,watch,notice,let,have,hear,make;ask,tell,order,require,want,advise,persuade,cause,encourage,permit(allow),forbid,teach,.,不能用于此结构动词有：,suggest,demand,hope,agree.,3),、接形容词作补足语动词有：,think,believe,find,feel,consider,keep,leave,make,get,paint,wish,drive.,第22页,以上五种基本句型中主语、宾语、表语都可扩展成对应从句，从而成为复合句。同时，,复合句中主、从句也是由以上五种基本句型组成。如：,What he says,doesnt agree with,what he does,.,Why he came late,is,that his bike broke down on the way.,It occurred to me,that I had much homework to do,.,He promised me,that he would attend the lecture,.,What has made the city,what it is,now?,第23页,另外，,句子采取哪一句型，完全取决于谓语动词使用方法,.,所以，动词使用方法是我们平时复习重点。如：,1).,最近几年我们故乡发生了巨大改变。,In the last few years,great changes have,taken place,in our hometown.,2).,昨晚在十字路口发生了一起严重交通事故。,A serious traffic accident,happened/occurred/came about,at,the crossing yesterday evening.,第24页,3).,我突然想到一个绝妙主意。,An excellent idea,occurred,to me.,4).,这家餐馆昨晚发生了一场火灾。,A fire,broke out,in the restaurant last night.,5).,听到这个激感人心消息，她脸上露出了笑容。,After she heard this exciting news,a smile,appeared,on her face.,第25页,6).,一场暴风雨过后，苹果树上只剩几个苹果。,After a rainstorm,only a few apples,remained,on the trees.,除了以上不符合汉语习惯次序词之外，其它情况下英语陈说句句序和汉语次序是吻合。我们可将英语陈说句句序归纳以下：,主谓,（宾）,/,主系表一条线，定语和名词紧相连。,不是在后就在前，状语极少在中间。,第26页,goodbye,第27页,