中国文化与翻译考试资料-发给学生.doc

中国文化与翻译（Chinese Culture and Translation）
第一部分：
一、
1， Ecology生态学，
2． Material Culture物质文化，
3． Social Culture社会文化，
4． Religious Culture宗教文化，
5． Linguistic Culture语言文化。

（一）Festivals 节俗
1. Spring Festival 春节
2. Lantern Festival 元宵节
3. Pure Brightness Festival 清明节
4. Dragon Boat Festival 端午节
5. Qixi Festival 七夕节
6. Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节
7. Double Ninth Festival 重阳节
8. Winter Solstice Festival 冬至节
9. Laba Festival 腊八节
11. Bathing Festival 沐浴节
14. Torch Festival 火把节
15. Water Splashing Festival 泼水节
（二）Etiquette and Customs 礼俗
1. The Twelve Zodiac Animals 十二生肖
2. Red Double Happiness 红双喜
3. Teasing the Newly-weds on the Wedding Night 闹新房
4. Distributing Red Eggs 分红蛋
5. The Grabbing Test on a Baby’s First Birthday 抓周
6. Yasui Money 压岁钱
7. Birthday Celebration 祝寿
8. Sticking Chinese Character Fu Upside-down 福字倒贴
9. No Sneezing 忌喷嚏
10. Pouring Dregs of Decoction 泼药渣
11. No Stepping on the Threshold 忌踩门槛
12. Burning Paper Money 烧纸钱

（三）Entertainments 游艺
1. Mahjong 麻将
2. Riddle Guessing 猜谜
3. Untying a Chain of Rings 解连环
4. Seven-Piece Puzzle 七巧板
5. Dragon-boat Racing 赛龙舟
6. Kite Flying 放风筝
7. Football 足球
8. Tug-of-War 拔河
9. Rope Skipping 跳绳
10. Swing 荡秋千
11. Kicking Shuttlecock 踢毽子
12. Hide-and-seek 捉迷藏
13. Walking on Stilts 踩高跷
14. Setting off Fireworks 放烟花
15. Finger Guessing 划拳
16. Cricket Fighting 斗蟋蟀
17. Guqin, Chess, Calligraphy and Painting 琴棋书画
18. Dragon Dance 舞龙
19. Lion Dance 舞狮子
（四）Mascots 吉祥物
1. A Dragon 龙
2. A Phoenix 凤凰
3. A Kylin 麒麟
4. A Peach 桃
5. A Peony 牡丹
6. Yaoqian Tree and Treasure Bowl 摇钱树与聚宝盆
7. The God of Wealth 财神
8. A Hare 兔子
9. A Pomegranate 石榴
10. Sanskirt Presenting Sons 送子观音
11. A Magpie 喜鹊
12. A Bat 蝙蝠
13. Ruyi 如意
14. The Three Plant Friends Who Thrive in Cold Weather 岁寒三友
15. A Crane 鹤
16. A Deer 鹿
17. Memorial Archways 牌坊
18. Chinese Knots 中国结
19. Chopsticks 筷子
二、
1 Confucianism in the Pre-Qin Period先秦的儒家思想
2 Imperial Confucianism in the Han Dynasty汉代经学
3 Taoism in the Pre-Qin Period先秦的道家思想
4 Buddhism in the Sui and Tang Dynasties隋唐佛学
5 Three Moves by Mencius' Mother孟母三迁
6 Recommend Oneself for a Position as Mao Sui Did毛遂自荐
7 Jing Ke Attempted to Kill the King of the Qin State荆轲刺秦王
8 Composing a Poem Within Seven Paces七步成诗
9 The Creation of the Earth开天辟地
10 Nüwa Made Man女娲造人
11 Nüwa Mended the Sky女祸补天
12 Kuafu Chased the Sun夸父逐日
13 Chang'e Flew to the Moon嫦娥奔月
14 Da Yu Led People in Curbing Floods大禹治水
15 Golden Millet Dream – Pipe Dream黄粱美梦
16 The Guizhou Donkey Has Used Up All Its Tricks黔驴技穷
17 The Cowherd and the Girl Weaver牛郎织女
18 Dong Yong and the Seventh Fairy董永和七仙女
19 The Legend of Lady White白娘子的传说
20 Three Legends of Lu Ban鲁班的传说（三则）
21 Eminent Personnel in the Ancient Times古代文化名人
22 Confucius孔子
23 Mencius孟子
24 The Four Books and The Five Classics四书五经
25 Beijing Opera and Local Operas京剧与地方戏曲
26 Chinese Painting and Calligraphy中国书画
27 Traditional Chinese Figure Painting中国传统人物画
28 The Four Treasures of the Study文房四宝
29 The “Five Sacred Mountains”五 岳

三、
1．《三国演义》Three Kingdoms or Romance of The Three Kingdoms
2．《水浒传》The Water Margin or the Outlaws of the Marsh
3．《西游记》Story of a Journey to the West or The Pilgrimage to the West
4．《红楼梦》A Dream in Red Mansions or A Red-Chamber Dream
6．《大学》The Great Learning
7．《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean
8．《论语》The Analects of Confucius
9．《孟子》The Words of Mencius
10．《诗经》The Book of Songs
12．《易经》The Book of Changes
13．《礼记》The Book of Rites
14．《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals
15．《山海经》Mountain and Sea Classics
16．《战国策》Stratagems of the Warring States
17．《史记》Records of the Grand Historian
18．《世纪新说》New Sayings of the World
19．《西厢记》Romance of the Western Chamber
20. 《乐府诗集》Collection of Yue Fu Poetry
21 《阿Q正传》　The True Story of Ah Q

第二部分：
一、
1 Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见，心不想。
2 No mill, no meal. 不磨面，没面包；不劳动者不得食。
3 Easy come, easy go. 得来容易去的快。
4 Like father, like son. 有其父必有其子。
5 Forbidden fruit is sweet. 禁果分外甜。
6 In the country of the blind the one-eyed man is king. 盲人国中，独眼称雄。
7 If you run after two hares, you will catch neither. 同时追两兔，全都抓不住。
8 Half a loaf is better than no bread. 有半块面包总比没有好。
9 明枪易躲，暗箭难防。 It is easy to dodge a spear in the open, but hard to guard against an arrow shot from hiding.
10 城门失火，殃及池鱼。A fire on the city wall brings disaster to the fish in the moat.
11 路遥知马力，日久见人心。As a long road tests a horse’s strength, so a long task proves a person’s heart.
12 初生牛犊不怕虎。New-born calves make little of tigers.
13 He that sows the wind will reap the whirlwind. 玩火者必自焚。
14 Like begets like. 龙生龙，凤生凤。
16 When shepherds quarrel, the wolf has a winning game. 鹬蚌相争，渔翁得利。
18 半瓶醋，出事故。A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.
19 少见多怪。Wonder is the daughter of ignorance.
20 三思而后行。Look before you leap.
21 Make hay while the sun shines. 趁热打铁。
22 There is no smoke without fire. 无风不起浪。
23 Ill news travels fast. 恶事传千里。
24 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
25 欲速则不达。 More haste, less speed.
26 出门一里，不如家里。 East and west, home is best.
27 拉入篮里就是菜。 All is fish that comes to the net.
28 皇天不负苦心人。 Everything comes to him who waits.
29 小巫见大巫。 The moon is not seen when the sun shines.
30 Sweet lovers love the spring.甜蜜的情侣热爱春天。
31 True love never grows old.真正的爱情决不会过时。
32 Where love is, there is faith.那里有爱情，那里就有信任。
33 Love is the touchstone of virtue.爱情是美德的点金石。
34 God help those who help themselves.上帝帮助那些自助的人。
二、
1. The Traditional Worldview, Values and Mode of Thinking of the Chinese People中国人的传统世界观、价值观和思维模式
2. The Rational World Outlook Seeking for Harmony and Maintaining Equilibrium理性的求和谐主平衡的世界观
3. The Conception of Great National Unity and Values of Collectivism
大一统的观念和注重整体利益的价值取向
4. The Dialectical Pattern of Thought and the Way of Thinking in the Mode of Confucian Classics' Study辩证思维和经学思维
5. To Look at Plums to Quench Thirst — Console Oneself with False Hopes
望梅止渴
6. Yue Fei's Mother Tattooed Characters on the Skin of Yue Fei岳母刺字
7. Old Man Yu Gong Moved Away Mountains — Spirit of Perseverance愚公移山
8. To Help the Shoots Grow by Pulling Them Upward — Spoil Things by Excessive Enthusiasm揠苗助长
9. To Penetrate One's Shield with One's Own Spear — Self-Contradiction自相矛盾
10. To Stand by a Tree Trunk Waiting for More Hares to Dash Themselves Against It — Wait for a Windfall守株待兔

第三部分：
1 As a sporting game, tug-of-war not only strengthens the body, but also brings about a lot of fun. Besides, it is not restricted by space, for it can be held wherever there is an open ground and a thick rope. More importantly, tug-of-war cultivates strong team spirit, the base of cohesive forces in a nation and in a working unit as well. Those are the reasons for tug-of-war’s long-standing existence and popularity among the Chinese people.
拔河比赛不仅能强身健体，而且生动有趣，并且不受场地的限制，只要有个空场、有根粗绳，就能拔将起来。更为难能可贵的是，拔河比赛中还体现出一种强烈的集体主义精神。这种集体主义精神不仅是一个国家的凝聚力所在，也是一个单位开拓进取的基础。正因为如此，拔河游戏才得以长期流传于民间，深受广大民众的喜爱。
2 Traditional Chinese landscape painting takes natural landscape as its object of description. While creating rich and colorful natural landscapes, it embodies the Chinese people’s conception of nature, their aesthetic awareness, and their wisdom and sentiment. It is a vivid manifestation of the aesthetic thinking of the oriental art.Unlike Western landscape paintings, traditional Chinese landscape paintings go beyond the passive copying of nature. It is a unique tradition of Chinese landscape painting to create artistic conception, viz. to seek a unity of form and spirit, of human feelings and natural settings, with an emphasis on the expression of the painter’s own thoughts and feelings.
山水画是以自然风景为描写对象的中国传统画科。中国的山水画不但表现了自然风光的丰富多彩，更集中体现了中国人的自然观与审美意识，凝聚着中国人的智慧和感情，体现着东方艺术的审美理想。 中国古代山水画不像西方风景画那样，以再现自然为表现目的。中国山水画的独特传统是创造“意境”，即把表达画家来自生活的情思放在主导地位，追求景象的形神统一，使客观的景与主观的情相统一，达到情景交融的境界。

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