语法填空专项训练---非谓语动词.doc

语法填空专项训练---非谓语动词
非谓语动词是语法填空的必考考点，每年高考至少有1道题。不仅如此，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法，对增强书面表达的文采和提高阅读理解能力都有明显的作用。
首先，我们回顾一下非谓语动词的语法功能(在句中充当何种成分)：

主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
宾补
动名词
√
√
√
√

不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
分词

√
√
√
√
现在，我们简要回顾其主要考点：
考点1：作主语
表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用-ing；
表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用to do 。

考点2：作表语
(1) 动名词和不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容。
(2)分词作表语则说明主语的性质，像puzzling, surprising, exciting等-ing分词表示“令人……的(事物)”；像puzzled, surprised, excited等-ed分词表示“(人)感到……的”。
考点3：作宾语
(1)有些动词只能用不定式作宾语。如refuse, expect, promise, decide, offer, pretend等。(类似动词和短语动词还有哪些？请补上)
(2)有些动词只能用动名词作宾语。如：keep, allow, finish, enjoy, mind, practice, avoid, admit, advise, consider, imagine, appreciate, escape, suggest等。(类似动词和短语动词还有哪些？请补上)
(3) 在表示“需要”的need, want和require等后用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，也可用不定式的被动式。
(4)在forget, remember, regret, mean, try等动词后既可接动名词，也可接不定式，但意义差别较大。
(5)在介词之后用动名词作宾语。注意to是介词的短语，如be /get used to, be accustomed to(习惯于), contribute … to …, devote oneself to /be devoted to, get down to, look forward to等。
(6)含介词的固定句式：
prevent /stop /keep sb. /sth. from doing 阻止……做……
spend /waste time or money in doing 在做……方面花费/浪费时间或金钱
have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在做……方面有些困难
have a hard time in doing sth.做某事很艰难
there is no sense in doing做……是没有理由/道理的
(7)介词后一般只能接动名词，但在表示“除……外”的介词but和except后，有时可接不定式；当前面有行为动词do时，不定式不带to；前面没有行为动词do时，要带to。
考点4：作宾补
当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式(未来或全过程)或-ing形式(正在进行或一直处于某种状态)；
当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用-ed形式。

请注意复习以下6点：
(1)在ask, invite, encourage, advise, forbid, remind等动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补。
(2)在help后作宾补的不定式带不带to均可。
(3)在make, let, have等使役动词和feel, smell, hear, see, watch等感官动词后，一般用不带to的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上to。
(4)在with的宾语后，若用-ed形式，表示宾语与-ed形式在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成；若用-ing形式，表示宾语与-ing形式在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作持续进行。
(5)get sb. to do sth. =have sb. do sth.使某人做某事(主动、将来); get/have…doing使……处于某一状态中(主动、持续); get…done=have sth. done请人做/遭受(被动)。
(6) make oneself 后常用understood, heard, seen, known等作宾补，表示让别人明白自己的意思/让自己讲的话被别人听到/让自己被别人看到/让自己被别人认识。
考点6：作定语
(1)动词不定式作定语：常放在所修饰的名词之后，表示一个将来的动作，多用来修饰have、there be、with之后的名词，表示“有……要……”；或修饰“the+序数词”。

(2)分词作定语：被修饰的名词与分词是主动关系，用-ing形式，是被动关系时用-ed形式。
考点7：特殊句式
Why not do sth.? =Why don’t you do sth.?何不做某事呢？
had better (not) do sth.最好(不)做某事
would rather (not) do sth.宁愿(不)做某事
would do A rather than do B
= would rather do A than do B
= prefer to do A rather than do B
= prefer doing A to doing B
宁做A事不做B事
考点8：独立结构
(1) -ing形式的独立成分：judging by /from(根据…判断), generally speaking(一般说来)，strictly speaking(严格说来), frankly speaking(坦率地说)等。
(2)不定式的独立结构：to tell you the truth(和你说实话吧), to make things worse(情况更糟的是)等。
(3)用作介词或连词的considering(考虑到，就…而言)和given(考虑到)后接名词或that从句。
解题技巧
解答语法填空时，首先分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并谓语时，所给动词必定用非谓语动词；然后分析该非谓语动词在句中作什么句子成分，初定作该成分的应是哪一种或几种非谓语动词形式；最后再根据非谓语动词各自的特点和用法，同时看谓语动词有没有特别的要求，再结合与逻辑主语的关系，确定该填哪种形式。
另外，在确定用-ing形式还是用-ed形式，用to do还是用to be done时，都是由该非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系还是被动关系来确定的。那么，如何找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语？这与非谓语动词在句中作何种成分有关，详见下表：
充当句
子成分
宾语
表语
状语
定语
宾补
逻辑
主语
句子的主语
所修饰的词
句子的宾语

[例1]…the proverb, “plucking up a crop　 32 　(help) it grow”, is based on the following story. (2008年广东)
分析：因句中已有谓语is based，而“plucking up a crop　 32 　(help) it grow”是the proverb的同位语，是一个名词短语而非同位语从句，因此，help应是非谓语动词；“帮助禾苗长”是“将禾苗拨起来”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填to help。
[例2]While she was getting me ___34___ (settle) into a tiny but clean room…(2007年广东)
分析：因句中已有谓语was getting，所以settle应是非谓语动词；又由settle sb. into/in/on…(使某人舒服地处于某处)可知，me与settle是被动关系，要用过去分词用宾补，故填settled。
一、单句填空：用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. _____________ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. (全国)
2. Eugene's never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no use __________(argue) with him. (上海)
3. Please remain _________(seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon. (辽宁)
4. — Can I smoke here?
— Sorry. We don’t allow ___________(smoke) here. (江苏)
5. It is difficult to imagine his ________
(accept) the decision without any consideration. (陕西)
6. I can’t stand _________(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ________(stop) talking while she works. (北京)
7. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need _____________ (repair). (陕西)
8. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried ________ (live) alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home. (湖南)
9. — Robert is indeed a wise man.
— Oh, yes. How often I have regretted ____________(not take) his advice! (安徽)
10. If you think that treating a woman well means always ________ (get) her permission for things, think again. (湖南)
11. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _______________________(open and close) could be heard outside the classroom. (全国)
12. —They are quiet, aren’t they?
—Yes. They are accustomed to _______ (not talk) at meals. (江苏)
13. Isn't it time you got down to ________
(mark) the papers? (重庆)
14. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ________ (set) up some schools for poor children. (上海)
15. She looks forward every spring to ________ (walk) in the flower-lined garden. (上海)
16. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month,
he had a hard time ________ (pass) the exam. (福建)
17. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week ________ (watch) TV. (上海)
18. I believe that’s the best way to prevent such a thing from ____________ (happen) again. (全国)
19. Did you have trouble in________ (find) the post office? (全国)
20. Sandy could do nothing but ________ (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong. (上海)
21. I smell something __________ (burn) in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (全国)
22. Don’t leave the water ________ (run) while you brush your teeth. (天津)
23. It was so cold that they kept the fire ___________ (burn) all night. (全国)
24. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _________ (carry) out the next year. (全国)
25. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ___________ (speak) as much as we can. (江苏)
26. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ____________(interest) in his lectures. (江苏)
27. Energy drinks are not allowed ________
(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. (上海)
28. My advisor encouraged me ________(take) a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京)
29. My parents have always made me ________
(feel) good about myself, even when I was twelve. (江苏)
30. They knew her very well. They had seen her ________ (grow) up from childhood. (全国)
31. The mother felt herself ________ (grow) cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. (上海)
32. Paul doesn’t have to be made ________ (learn). He always works hard. (全国)
33. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry. With so much work ________ (fill) my mind, I almost break down. (福建)
34. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ____________ (finish), he gladly accepted it. (安徽)
35. With a lot of difficult problems ________ (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (上海)
36. The director had her assistant ______
(pick) up some hot dogs for the meeting. (全国)
37. — Did Peter fix the computer himself?
— He had it ________(fix), because he doesn’t know much about computers. (安徽)
38. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ________ (improve) in a short period. (福建)
39. Helen had to shout to make herself ________ (hear) above the sound of the music. (广西)
40. Peter received a letter just now ________
(say) his grandma would come to see him soon. (四川)
41. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ________ (move), and asked myself what I was going to do. (湖南)
42. ___________(walk) in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. (安徽)
43. ______________ (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. (福建)
44. __________ (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (福建)
45. He hurried to the booking office only _____________ (tell) that all the tickets had been sold out. (陕西)
46. European football is played in 80 countries, ____________ (make) it the most popular sport in the world. (全国)
47. You were silly not ________________(lock) your car. (湖南)
48. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _____________(breathe). (宁夏)
49. _____________ (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day. (湖南)
50. When ________ (ask) why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight. (江西)
51. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ____________(water) every day. (四川)
52. When _____________(compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (浙江)
53. —The last one ___________(arrive) pays the meal.
—Agree! (全国)
54. The trees _________(blow) in the storm have been moved off the road. (湖南)
55. Can those _________ (seat) at the back of the classroom hear me? (福建)
56. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ________ (form) in your mind instead of before your eyes. (广西)
57. —It’s a long time since I saw my sister. (全国)
—Why not ________(visit) her this weekend?
58. _________ (search) the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. (湖南)
59. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons __________(finish) for the day. (重庆)
60. ________ (give) the general state of health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. (北京)
二、语篇填空 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
Freud was one of the first scientists [1]_______（make）serious research of the mind. The mind is the collection of activities [2]________（base） in the brain that involve how we act, think, feel and reason.
He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams [3]___________（search） for the causes of mental and emotional problems. He also tried hypnosis(催眠). He wanted to see if [4]________（put）patients into a sleep-like condition would help ease [5]________（trouble） minds. In most cases he found the effects only temporary.
Freud worked hard, although what he did might sound easy. His method involved [6]________ (sit) with his patients and [7]________（listen）to them talk. He had them [8]________（talk）about whatever they were thinking. All ideas, thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to [9]___________（express）. There could be no[10]________（hold）back because of fear or guilt.