选修6Unit5常考词汇和短语细解（原卷版）.doc

选修六 Unit 5常考词汇和短语细解 要求：所有划线的地方都要读记，所有的英文例句都要读一遍并翻译。
1. equipment n.[U] n. 设备，器械，装备 [U] 类似furniture, information, advice, news
a piece of equipment 一件设备
too much equipment 太多设备
equip vt. 装备，配备
Every teacher is equipped with a computer. be equipped with sth.用…装备起来
【2019全国1完形】46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones
【2019江苏】This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities.
【2018全国1】All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
2. appoint vt.约定; 任命, 委任
Sam has appointed manager of the engineering department to take the place of George
appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事
We appointed John as manager. appoint sb.as 任命某人为…
We appoint John (to be) manager. appoint sb. to be ... 任命某人为…
appointment n. 任命；约定
I have a dental appointment with the doctor at 3 pm.
have an appointment with sb. 与某人有约会/预约
So Roberta had made an appointment (预约) with the head of the Drama Club.
make an appointment with sb. 与某人约会/预约
keep/break an appointment 守/违约
【2019天津完形】22. A. selected B. appointed C. identified D. defined
【2017北京完形】51. A. praises B. invitations C. replies D. appointments
【期末测试】 —I want to see Mr. White. We have an appointment.
—I’m sorry, but he is not ________ at the moment, for the meeting hasn’t ended.
A. busy B. active C. concerned D. available
3. evaluate vt.评估，评价，估计 evaluate the value/quality of sth.
evaluate quality/ one’s ability 评估质量/能力
I cannot evaluate his ability without seeing his work.
evaluation n. [C] [U] 评估，评价，评估报告
They made an intensive evaluation of the health care program.
【2019全国2】 First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc.
【2019全国3】 If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
【2018全国1完形】59. A. announce B. signal C. block D. evaluate
4. panic
1) v.(使)惊慌/恐慌 (panicked; panicked)
The thunder panicked the baby.
When you are in a dangerous situation, don't panic.
Hearing the gun, the deer was panicked into running straight for the headlight.
panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人惊慌地做某事
2) n.惊慌，恐慌
Hundreds of people left the country in panic. in panic 惊慌失措地
She got into a panic when she thought she'd lost the ticket. get into a panic 惊慌失措
【2016上海】My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem.
【2014四川】Don’t panic or get out of line, and try to remain quiet and calmly.
5. diverse adj.多种多样的，不同的
Her interests are very diverse.
They are the people from diverse cultures.
diversity n.多样性;多样化 a diversity of =a variety of
【2017全国3】These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation(植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park.
【2018全国3】Its diverse functions.
【2017全国1】To protect cultural diversity.
6. guarantee
1) n.保证, 保证书,保修
Take this opportunity, and I give you a guarantee that you won't regret it.
give sb.a guarantee that ... 向某人保证……
As is often the case, wealth is no guarantee of happiness.
under guarantee 在保修期内
2) vt.保证，担保
We guarantee to behave ourselves at the party tomorrow.
guarantee to do sth./that ...保证/担保做某事
Take this opportunity, and I guarantee that you won't regret it. guarantee that
Take this opportunity, and I guarantee you not to regret it. guarantee sb. to do sth.保证某人做某事
guarantor n. 担保人，保证
【2019全国1】Data security measures are guaranteed.
【2015江苏】Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.
7. compare……with 将……与……比较(强调将两者进行比较)
I compared the copy with the original, but there was not much difference.
Compared with/to boys, girls are more quiet and shy.
8.burn to the ground 全部烧毁
The house was burnt to the ground.
burn…to death 烧死 burn out 烧完，烧光（强调燃烧程度） burn up 烧掉，烧毁
9. make one’s way 前往;非常艰难地行进；有出息
As long as you work hard, you can make your way in life.
Will you be able to make your way to Taiwan?
The Red Army made their way from the south of China to the northwest, which is called the Long March.
fight one's way 奋力前进 lose one's way 迷路 feel one's way 摸索前进
push one's way 挤出来 wind one's way 蜿蜒前进 on the way 在途中即将来临
make way for= give way to 让开,让路，让位 in the way 挡路，妨碍
in a way 在某种程度上 by the way 随便说一样样 in no way 绝不（位于句首，部分倒装）
She fought her way to health quickly after the accident.
It was so foggy that we had to feel our way home.
The Great Wall winds its way across north China like a huge dragon.
【2015上海】Pretty soon I'd made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air.
10. impress vt. 印；给…以深刻印象
Her long hair is impressed on me. impress sth.on/upon sb. 某事/物给某人留下印象
I am impressed by/with her long hair. impress sb.with/at/by sth.某事/物给某人留下印象
All the tourists are impressed by the amazing sunset.
be impressed by为…所感动；对…有印象
impression n. 印象，感觉
He tries to make a great impression on her at the first time.
have/make/leave a/an …impression on sb. 给某人留下·· ·的印象
impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的，令人难忘的
The film's special effects are particularly impressive.
【2019江苏】 Their Chinese peers in the typical Chinese dress would be highly impressive.
【2018全国1完形】57. A. grades B. decisions C. impressions D. comments
【2018北京】On arriving at the tea house, the foreign students were impressed by the unique tea pots and tea cups.
【期末测试】My first _______ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
A. expression B. attention C. satisfaction D. impression
11. be about to do sth…when… 正要干…这时…
I was about to leave when the manager called him back.
【拓展延伸】
be doing…when 正在干…这时
had just done…when… 刚刚干完…这时
be on the point of… when 正/刚要干…这时
He was walking in the street when an accident happened.
I had finished my work when you called me.
I was about to go to your home to help you with your English when my uncle came.
I was walking in the street when I saw my old friend Mary.
【期末测试】Tom was about to close the windows_____his attention was caught by a bird.
A. when B. if C. and D. till
12. erupt vi. （指火山）爆发；突然发生
Then, without warning, she erupts into laughter.
Volcanoes have erupted in the past, and will continue to erupt in the future. 
eruption n. 火山爆发；（战争等）爆发
The eruption of a volcano last year in Iceland stopped air traffic over Europe.
【2019江苏】Most of us，when we talk about volcanoes，think of the classic cone（圆锥体）shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro，which are created when erupting magma（岩浆）piles up.
【2017浙江完形】50. A. approached B. erupted C. continued D. ended
13. alongside
1）adv. 在旁边；沿着边
He had worked alongside Frank and Mark and they had become friends.
2）prep. 在……旁边；沿着……的边
He crossed the street and walked alongside Central Park.
【2019全国2】Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—who works alongside her in the family business — said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award.
【2014安徽】In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style.
14. wave
1）n. 波浪；波涛
Steve stopped him with a wave of the hand.
2）vi. 波动；起伏；挥手; 卷曲
Jessica caught sight of Lois and waved to her. wave at/ to sb 向某人挥手
She waved us goodbye from the window. wave sb. goodbye 向某人挥手道别
Her hair waves naturally.
【2016北京】Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house.
【2017浙江】He waved and yelled at passing cars.
【期末测试】At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was .
A. out of sight B. out of reach C. out of order D. out of place
15. absolute adj. 绝对的；完全的
He ruled with absolute power.
There are no absolute rules.
absolutely adv. 绝对地；完全地
1) adv. 绝对地，完全地
You are absolutely right.
2)adv. 当然，对极了（强调同意或允许）（口语）
— Can we leave a little early?
—Absolutely. / Absolutely not.(当然不)
【2018天津】Or, maybe all I would find was absolutely nothing!
【2015江苏】Governments ruled with absolute power.
16. potential
1）n.潜在性；可能性；潜能
have / show potential 有潜力/ 表现出潜力
realize / reach one’s (full) potential (充分)发挥/ 体现 潜能
2）adj.可能的；潜在的
a potential problem/ leader
potential energy 潜能
We are aware of the potential problems 
【2018北京】But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities.
【2016全国1】you’ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.
【期末测试】The research lacks evidence, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful.
A. solid B. fierce C. severe D. potential
17. shoot （shot, shot）
1）vt. 射中；射伤
The police had orders to shoot anyone who attacked them. shoot sb./sth. 射中…
The hunter shot at the tiger, but failed to shoot it. shoot at sb./sth. 朝…射击/开枪
shoot sb in the leg/head 射中某人的腿/头部
shoot sb dead 开枪打死某人
2）vt.拍摄；摄影
The movie was shot in black and white.
shot n. 射击；发射
I don’t think I can do it, but I’ll take a shot at it.
take (或have) a shot (at something) 朝…射击；向…开枪;尝试(某事物)
【2019全国2】but the gun shots had scared the dog off.
【2016全国2】 In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916,most of them after a disastrous shipwreck (海难), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.
18. anxious adj. 忧虑的；不安的
Don't be anxious about/for his safety, because he'll come back soon.
be anxious about /for... 为……担心/担忧
I am anxious to have a long and relaxing holiday. be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事
We are anxious for a change. be anxious for sth. 渴望某事
anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望
Her voice was full of anxiety.
We waited for our examination results with anxiety . with anxiety (＝anxiously) 焦虑地
anxiously  焦虑地 
All the people present at the meeting were waiting for the result anxiously.
【2019天津】She was anxious to know what had happened.
【2018江苏】as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.
【2018天津】Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.
【2019全国2】There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust.
19. appreciation n. 欣赏；感激；感谢
This card is to show my appreciation and respect. 
We take this opportunity of expressing our sincere appreciation of your help.
appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激
1). 欣赏，赞赏
That’s because you can’t appreciate music.
I appreciate his generosity.
2). 感谢，感激
I appreciate your goodness in calling.
He appreciated their confidence.
appreciative adj.感激的;感谢的
The company was very appreciative of my efforts.
*其后可接名(代)词、动名词、名词性从句等作宾语，但不能接不定式。如：
I really appreciate a good cup of tea.
We shall appreciate hearing from you again.
I appreciate being given this opportunity.
I appreciate that you have come here so early.
*其后不直接跟 if 或when引导的从句，若语义上需要接这类从句，需借助 it。如：
We really appreciate it when she offered to help.
I would much appreciate it if you would arrange this for us.
*其后只能接“事”作宾语，而不能接“人”作宾语；若接“人”作宾语，可考虑用动词thank
He thanked her for her kindness.
*要表示程度，可用 deeply, highly, (very) much 等副词修饰。如：
I deeply appreciate your kindness.
He highly appreciated their help.
【2019北京完形】29. A. experience B. arrangement C. appreciation D. employment
【2017全国1】Now, I appreciate the silence and the new way of communication it opens.
20. threat n. 恐吓；威胁
His position as leader is under threat.
Do you want to submit to his threat? 
threaten vt. 威胁；恐吓
It will greatly threaten the peace in the Middle East.
【2019天津完形】28. A. crisis B. danger C. threat D. failure
【2019天津】Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.
【期末测试】AIDS control and prevention is a to China as well as the whole world.
A. surprise B. challenge C. reaction D. threat
21. precious adj. 贵重的；珍贵的 valuable adj.宝贵的
After four months in foreign parts, every hour at home was precious.
All this took up much of my precious time.
【2019浙江】This medal was very precious to my parents. Only on special occasions（场合）would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands
【2017浙江完形】39. A. practical B. precious C. reliable D. expensive
【期末测试】There are plenty of jobs ______ in the western part of the country.
A. present B. available C. precious D. convenient
22. unconscious adj. 失去知觉的；未察觉的
fall/become unconscious 失去意识；不省人事
He was unconscious of the effect he had on the whole class. be unconscious of 未意识到
unconsciously  adv. 无意识地，不知不觉
conscious adj. 意识到的；故意的
She was conscious that he disliked her. be conscious that 意识到 觉察到
be conscious of 意识到…= be/become aware of  知道，意识到…… 
【2018全国2】He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something occurred to me.
【2016全国1】 we’ve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.
【2016全国1】For this courier job, you’re consciously aware that in that box you’ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.
23. sweat
1) n. 汗
Once your sweat starts to dry, you can get chilled. 
2) vi. 出汗
Already they were sweating as the sun beat down upon them.
【2016浙江】Earn your bread with your sweat.
【2018北京】 I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.
【期末测试】He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the air-conditioning system ______________.
A. broke in B. broke up C. broke out D. broke down
24.vary from…to… 由……到……不等
vary vt. 改变, 变更, 使多样化 vi. 变化, 不同, （彼此）相异
The weather varied from day to day.
vary from ...to ...=range from…to 从……到……不等; 在……到……之间变动
Prices vary with the seasons. vary with 随……变化而变化
These T-shirts vary in color. vary in 在……方面不同
various adj. 各种各样的 = diverse
variety n. 种类a variety of = a diversity of 各种各样的 varieties of
【2016全国3】 Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal to create special designs.
【2019全国1】students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service
【2019全国1】Typing patterns vary from person to person.
25.tremble
1)vi. 摇晃，颤抖
Her voice trembled with anger/cold. tremble with 因……而颤抖
2). vi.担心；焦虑
She is trembling for her son’s future. tremble for 为……而担心
【2018江苏完形】46. A. rolled B. bled C. ached D. trembled
【2015四川完形】27. A. tremble B. move C. delay D. hesitation
【高考阅读】He trembled, twisting his body closer to the fire.
26.suit
1) n. 一套外衣；套装
a business suit
a diving suit
2) vt. 适合；使适宜
If you want to go by bus, that suits (suit) me fine. suit sb. (fine/perfectly) (非常)适合某人
A good teacher suits