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一、主谓一致 英语中的主谓一致是指主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”方面的一直关系。主要有三条原则:语法一致,意义一致,就近原则
1. And
(1).and, both… and 谓语用复数
(2).and 连接两个单数名词作主语,但是只指一个人或者同一概念时,谓语用单数。(the manager and secretary, early to bed and early to rise)
(3).and 连接两个短语,但是它们之间有each, every, no 等词,或者是以many a 开头,谓语都是用单数。(Every girl and every boy, no money and no food, many a dog)
(4).有些复合形式构成的同一概念名词(a cup and saucer, the needle and thread, peace and war)
2. Or, nor, either…or, neither…nor, not only… but also…(就近原则)
3. together with, along with, as well as等词,谓语与前面的主语保持一致
4. more than one+名词(单数),谓语用单数
many a单数
each/ every+单数名词, every… and every…(具有个体分布效应,单数动词)
5. one and a half+名词(复数),谓语用单数
6. 表示时间,距离等方面的名词,尽管是复数形式,仍然作单数处理。(dollar, year, mile, area, money, time)
7. 集体名词。当集体名词表示统一的概念时,应作单数处理;当表示一群个体,强调个体的“情感反应”和“行为特点”时,作复数处理。(the audience, the public, the couple,family, team, government, committee, club)
8. police, militia, cattle, poetry, clergy, vermin, people, youth, folk, personal 等集体名词作主语时,谓语动词一律用复数。
9. 形式上像复数,但是其实是单数的:
(1).billiards, measles, brains, data, agenda, graffiti, means, 等
(2).以-ics结尾的名词作主语的
① 表示学科,谓语用单数
② 表示具体内容,谓语用复数
(3).书名,国名,报刊名,剧本名作主语时,谓语用单数
10. 两个形容词+一个单数名词,如果指的是一件事,就用单数,否则用复数
11. the + 形容词结构作主语
12. 表示数量意义的词作主语
(1). All, most, half, a large number of, two thirds of , three fourths of+ 名词作主语,谓语动词根据名词而定。
(2). Kind/ form/ type/ sort/ species/ portion/ series/ quantity of + 名词,谓语取决于这些词的单复数a portion of/ a series of/ a pile of/ a panel of, a kind/ sort/ type of, this pair of
13. the worth of, the number of, 谓语皆用单数
14. 短语,从句,句子作主语时,谓语用单数。
15. 加法,乘法后面的单词可单可复,减法与除法后面的动词用单数
二、代词一致
1. 代词与他所照应的名词一致
2. someone, anybody, everything等作主语,谓语用单数
3.主语为复数,each 作为同位语 we each
Each of us 加单数
三、定语从句,what引导的从句,存在句
1. One of 复数+ 定语从句,从句中的谓语用复数
2. the only one of 复数+定语从句,从句中谓语用单数
3.代词+定语从句 从句谓语要与代词保持一致
4. what 引导的主语从句 谓语单复数根据主语,但是若表语为复数,就用复数。
5. there be 句型,就近原则
例句:
1. The extensive research done by social scientists (have) given us a much wider understanding of the complex modern world.
2. According to the regulations that went into effect last week anyone caught littering (be) subject to a large fine.
3. At the bus stop (be) a soldier and two young people.
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