2024年全国高等教育自学考试马克思英二毛概.doc

全国10月高等教育自学考试
马克思主义基本原理概论试题
（课程代码：03709）
请考生按要求用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。

选择题部分
注意事项：
1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色笔迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸要求的位置上。
2．每题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目标答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦洁净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。
一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题，每题1分，共30分）
在每题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题纸”的对应代码涂黑。错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。
1.马克思主义的革命性与科学性统一的基础是（ ）
A、主体 B、理论
C、客体 D、实践
2.马克思主义的直接理论起源是（ ）
A、德国古典哲学、英国古典政治经济学和德法两国的空想社会主义
B、德国古典哲学、法国古典政治经济学和英法两国的空想社会主义
C、德国古典哲学、英国古典政治经济学和英法两国的空想社会主义
D、法国古典哲学、德国古典政治经济学和英德两国的空想社会主义
3.马克思主义的理论品质是（ ）
A、实事求是 B、科学严谨
C、唯物主义 D、与时俱进
4.恩格斯说：“所有哲学，尤其是近代哲学的重大的基本问题，是思维和存在的关系问题。”其中，思维与存在的同一性问题属于（ ）
A、本体论问题 B、价值论问题
C、认识论问题 D、措施论问题
5.列宁指出，物质是“人通过感觉感知的”，能“为我们的感觉所复写、摄影、反应”， 这肯定了物质的（ ）
A、客观实在性 B、主体依赖性
C、可知性 D、相对性
6.我们党制定和执行独立自主、自力更生以及对外开放方针的重要理论基础是（ ）
A、内因和外因辩证关系原理 B、否定之否定规律
C、质量互变规律 D、原因和成果辩证关系原理
7.社会生活在本质上是（ ）
A、主观的 B、实践的
C、精神的 D、机械的
8.认识的本质的是（ ）
A、主体对客体的能动反应 B、主体对客体的直观反应
C、主体基于客体的主观创造 D、主体的内心体验
9.认识的主体是（ ）
A、—切具备能动性的存在物 B、自我意识
C、抽象的、超历史的人类主体 D、从事实践和认识活动的现实的人
10.“从物到感觉和思想”与“从思想和感觉到物”之间的对立，属于（ ）
A、辩证唯物主义与旧唯物主义认识论的对立
B、辩证法和形而上学的对立
C、可知论与不可知论的对立
D、唯物主义与唯心主义认识路线的对立
11.马克思主义哲学同旧唯物主义和唯心主义的根本区分在于提出了（ ）
A、发展的观点 B、矛盾的观点
C、辩证的观点 D、实践的观点
12.康德以为人只能认识客观世界的现象，而无法达成现象背后的“自在之物”，这种观点在认识论上属于（ ）
A、唯心主义 B、不可知论
C、机械反应论 D、旧唯物主义
13.马克思说，“人的思维是否具备客观的真理性，这不是一个理论的问题，而是一个实践的问题。”这句话表白（ ）
A、实践是检查认识真理性的唯一标准 B、实践是认识的起源
C、思维与存在具备同一性 D、理论必须与实践相结合
14.在马克思主义产生此前，在社会历史领域长期占统治地位的历史观是（ ）
A、历史唯物主义 B、历史唯心主义
C、多元决定论 D、庸俗进化论
15.反应特定的经济基础并为之服务的社会意识是（ ）
A、社会心理 B、思想体系
C、意识形态 D、群体意识
16.科学属于生产力系统中的（ ）
A、实体性原因 B、运筹性原因
C、准备性原因 D、渗透性原因
17.划分历史唯物主义与历史唯心主义的根本标准是（ ）
A、生产力与生产关系的关系问题 B、社会存在与社会意识的关系问题
C、经济基础与上层建筑的关系问题 D、质生产方式与意识形态的关系问题
18.马克思主义政党的根本观点是（ ）
A、领袖观点 B、群众观点
C、民族观点 D、革命观点
19.使用价值体现的是商品的（ ）
A、互换属性 B、本质属性
C、自然属性 D、社会属性
20.英国自15世纪末开始的“圈地运动”的实质是（ ）
A、封建制度的建立 B、资本家对雇佣工人的剥削
C、资本的原始积累 D、奴隶主对奴隶的压迫
21.资本主义经济危机的实质是（ ）
A、生产相对过剩 B、生产绝对过剩
C、生产相对不足 D、生产绝对不足
22.剩余价值率与利润率的关系是（ ）
A、剩余价值率不小于利润率 B、利润率不小于剩余价值率
C、利润率是剩余价值率的转化形式 D、剩余价值率是利润率的转化形式
23.依照在剩余价值生产中所起作用的不一样，马克思把资本划分为（ ）
A、职能资本与货币资本 B、不变资本和可变资本
C、生产资本与商业资本 D、固定资本和流动资本
24.19世纪末20世纪初，资本主义的发展进入了（ ）
A、自由竞争资本主义阶段 B、垄断资本主义阶段
C、帝国主义阶段 D、国家资本主义阶段
25.二战后，某些西方国家对经济实行政府干预和宏观调控，这是当代资本主义在（ ）
A、生产力方面的新变化 B、生产关系方面的新变化
C、科学技术方面的新变化 D、上层建筑方面的新变化
26.当代资本主义所发生的诸种新变化属于（ ）
A、资本主义生产方式的根本变化
B、资本主义生产关系的根本变化
C、资本主义总的量变过程中的暴发式质变
D、资本主义总的量变过程中阶段性的部分质变
27.垄断利润本质上来自于（ ）
A、垄断组织创造的价值 B、海外企业的利润
C、非垄断企业的利润 D、工人阶级和劳感人民创造的剩余价值
28.无产阶级专政的实质是（ ）
A、无产阶级作为统治阶级掌握国家政权 B、少数人对多数人的专政
C、共产主义的政权形式 D、所有社会组员当家作主
29.社会主义的根本的和首要的任务是（ ）
A、人民当家作主 B、解放和发展生产力
C、消除两极分化 D、消亡剥削
30.卖现共产主义社会的根本条件和基础是（ ）
A、人们精神境界的极大提升 B、社会生产力的高度发展
C、全人类的彻底解放 D、人的自由而全面发展
二、多项选择题（本大题共10小题，每题2分，共20分）
在每题列出的四个备选项中最少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题纸”的对应代码涂黑。错涂、多涂、少涂或未涂均无分。
31.辨别新旧事物的标志在于看它们（ ）
A、是否在新的历史条件下出现
B、是否符合事物发展的必然趋势
C、是否具备强大的生命力和远大的发展前途
D、是否得到目前社会中大多数人的认可
32.规律是物质运动发展过程中的联系，这种联系是（ ）
A、偶然的 B、本质的
C、必然的 D、稳定的
33.真理的属性包括（ ）
A、客观性 B、多元性
C、绝对性 D、相对性
34.如下选项符合马克思主义对人的本质的界定的有（ ）
A、劳动是人的本质 B、自由和理性是人的本质
C、人的本质是一切社会关系的总和 D、人的需要即人的本质
35.无差异的一般人类劳动的凝结（ ）
A、是抽象劳动的凝结 B、形成商品的价值
C、形成商品的价格 D、形成商品的使用价值
36.任何一个商品的价值，都包括（ ）
A、物化劳动所创造的价值
B、生产该商品所消耗的生产资料的原有价值
C、生产该商品时新创造的价值
D、互换过程中产生的价值
37.20世纪上半期比较重要的垄断组织形式有（ ）
A、辛迪加 B、托拉斯
C、卡特尔 D、康采恩
38.国家垄断资本主义宏观经济调控的重要政策有（ ）
A、财政政策 B、行政法规
C、货币政策 D、—定程度的国民经济计划化
39.社会主义发展道路多样性的原因在于（ ）
A、各国在社会主义革命时的生产力情况和社会发展阶段不一样
B、各国的历史老式、文化习俗和详细国情不一样
C、时代的变化和社会主义实践的发展
D、马克思恩格斯没有明确指出社会主义的发展道路
40.社会主义社会与共产主义社会共同的基本特性包括（ ）
A、都以生产资料公有制作为社会经济制度的基础
B、生产目标都是为了满足劳感人民日益增加的物质文化生活需要
C、都要消亡剥削制度
D、都必须遵从市场经济规律

非选择题部分
注意事项：
用黑色笔迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
三、简答题（本大题共5小题，每题6分，共30分）
41.简述尊重客观规律和发挥主观能动性辩证统一的原理及其现实意义。
42.社会意识的相对独立性重要表目前哪些方面？
43.什么是资本积累？资本积累的实质是什么？
44.简述资本主义向社会主义过渡的历史必然性。
45.简述共产主义远大理想和中国特色社会主义共同理想之间的关系。
四、论述题（本大题共2小题，每题10分，共20分）
46.论述真理的绝对性和相对性辩证统一的原理及其现实意义。
47.试述社会主义民主是新型民主。
。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。真题在楼下。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。

10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试
英语（二）试卷
(课程代码 00015)
第一部分选择题（共20分）
一， 阅读判断（第1-10题，每题1分，共10分）
下面的短文后列出了十个句子，请依照短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：假如该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；假如该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；假如该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C,并在“答题卡”上将对应字母涂黑。
Henry Ford
Manypeople believe henry fordinvented the automobile (汽车), but hennery ford didn’t start tobuild his first car until1896. That was eleven years after two Germansdeveloped the world’s firstautomobile. Many people believe henry ford inventedthe production line thatmoved a car’s parts to the worker, instead of makingthe worker move to theparts. That is not true, either. Many factory ownersused methods of this kindbefore ford. What henry ford did was to use otherpeople’s ideas and make thembetter. And he made the whole factory a movingproduction line.
Inthe early days of theautomobile, almost every car maker raced his cars. It wasthe best way ofgaining public notice. Henry ford decided to build a racing car.Ford’s mostfamous race was his first one. It was also the last race in which hedrove thecar himself.
Therace was in 1901, at a fieldnear Detroit. All of the most famous cars hadentered, but only two were left:the Winton and Ford’s. The Winton was famousfor its speed. Most people thoughtthe race was over before it began. The Wintontook an early lead. But halfwaythrough the race, it began to lose power. Fordstarted to gain. And near theend of the race, he took the lead. Ford won therace and defeated the Winton. Hisname appeared in newspapers and he becamewell-known all over the United States.
Withinweeks of the race, henryford formed a new automobile company. In 1903, a doctorin Detroit bought thefirst car from the company. That sale was the beginning ofhenry ford’s dream.Ford said, “I will build a motor car for the great mass ofpeople. It will belarge enough for the family, but small enough for one personto operate andcare for. It will be built of the best materials. It will bebuilt by the bestmen to be employed. And it will be built with the simplestplans that modernengineering can produce.
1Henry Ford built the world’sfirst automobile.
A.True B.False C. Not given
2Henry Ford invented theproduction line method.
A.True B.False C. Not given
3Henry Ford joined the car race tomake his car known by public.
A.True B.False C. Not given
4Henry Ford raced his car himselfonly once all his life.
A.True B.False C. Not given
5 Theford was much safer than the Winton.
A .True B.False C. Not given
6Many people thought ford wouldwin the race.
A.True B.False C. Not given
7Millions of people were excitedabout the race.
A.True B.False C. Not given
8Ford led the race from the verybeginning of the race.
A.True B.False C. Not given
9Henry Ford formed a newautomobile company in 1901.
A.True B.False C. Not given
10henry ford produced cars of thelowest price in the world.
A.True B.False C. Not given

二阅读选择（第11-15题，每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项（A,B,C,D,）中选出1个最佳选项，并在“答题卡”上将对应字母涂黑。
Body language
Bodylanguage is theunspoken communication that goes on in every face-to-faceencounter withanother human being. It tells you their true feelings towards youand how wellyour words are being received. Between 50%-100% of our message iscommunicatedthrough our body language. Only 7%-10% is the result of actualwords we use ina conversation.
Eye contact is one of the most important waysof dealing with others, especiallypeople we’ve just met. Keep good eye contactshows respect and interest in whatthey have to say. In the UK, people tend tokeep eye contact around 60%-70% ofthe time. (However, there are wide culturaldifferences, so be careful in othercountries.) By doing this, you give them afeeling of comfort and real warmth. Otherwise,they will feel you are lackinginterest in them or their conversation.
Head position is a great one to play aroundwith yourself and others, when youwant to feel confident and self-assured,keep your head level both straight andupright. You can also use this straighthead position when you want to bepowerful and what you are saying be to takenseriously. If you want to befriendly, tilt(倾斜)your head just a little to oneside or other.
Hand gestures are so many and varied thatit’s hard to give a brief guide, buthere goes. Palms(手掌) slightly up and outward is seenas openand friendly. Palm-down gestures are generally seen as commanding,emphasizingand possibly aggressive (挑衅的). This palm-up, palm-down isveryimportant when it comes to handshaking and we suggest you always offerahandshake upright, which should convey equality.
Distance from others is crucial if you wantto give off the right signals. Standtoo close and you’ll be marked as“stubborn” (顽固的，棘手的).Stand or sit too faraway and you’ll be “keeping your distance”. Neither is whatwe want, so observehow close all the other people are to each other if in agroup. Also notice ifyou move closer to someone and they back away. You’reprobably a bit too muchin their personal space, their comfort zone.
11.Bodylanguage is important in face-to-face communicationbecause_________________.
A. it is unspoken in conversations B. ittells people’s true feelings
C. itreceivers our words very well D.itexpresses 7 --10% of meaning
12.We keep eye contact in conversations to_________________.
A. attractothers’ attention B. catch upwithothers
C. understandothers fully D. pay respecttoothers
13.Ifyour head is moved a little to one side, itmeans you_________________.
A. feelconfident B. feel powerful
C. areserious D. are friendly
14.Which of the following is considered as a friendlygesture?
A. Palmsslightlyup. B. Palmsslightlydown
C. Standingclose to others D. Standingawayfrom others
15.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A. More thanhalf of our meaning is expressed by body language.
B. keeping eyecontact with others is a sign of confidence.
C. It issuggested to have a handshake upright with others.
D. It’s betterto see how close other people stand from each other.
第二部分 非选择题（共80分）
三，概括段落大意和补全句子（第16-25题，每题1分，共10分）
阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的两项测试任务：（1）从第16-20题后所给的6个选项中为第①--⑤段每段选择一个正确的小标题；（2）从第21-25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。在“非选择题”答题区内
Have a safe trip
1Peoplevisit other countries for many reasons. Some travel on business; otherstravelto visit interesting places that are only found in other countries, suchas theTaji Mahal (泰姬陵) in India, or the temples of Thailand.
2 Whereveryou go, and for whatever reason, it is important to be safe. Atourist canattract a lot of attention from local people. While the majority ofpeople youwill meet when traveling are sure to be friendly and welcoming, therearedangers—theft being the most common. Just as in your home country, donotexpect everyone you meet to be friendly and helpful.
3As youprepare for your trip, make sure you have the right paperwork. You don’twantto get to your destination only to find you have the wrong visa, or worse,thatyour passport is about to expire (期满，失效). Also,make sure you travelwith proper medical insurance, so that if you are sick orinjured during yourtravels, you will be able to get treatment. If you want todrive while you areabroad, make sure you have an international driver’slicense.
4 Buy aguidebook and read about the local customs of the country you are goingto. Doas the romans do, and you will save yourself a lot of trouble.Besides,learning in advance can help you understand the local culture betterwhen youare there. Also, try to learn a few basic words and phrase----don’tassume thatthe local people will speak you language.
5 When youget to your destination, use official transport. Always go to bus andtaxistands; don’t accept rides from strangers who offer you a lift. If there isnometer(表)in the taxi, agree on a price before you get in. if you preferto stay in cheaphotels when traveling, make sure you can lock the door of yourroom from theinside. If you are traveling with valuables such as jewelry, or alot of cash,you should ask about a safe(保险箱) forstoring them in.
Task1
A. Dangers in travelingB. Benefits from travelingC Reasons fortravellingD. Transport during travelingE. Important papers fortravelingF. Learning customs before travelling

16.Paragraph①:
17.Paragraph②:
18.paragraph③:
19.paragraph④:
20.Paragraph⑤:
Task2
21 Ifonetravels in a foreign country, the local people probably will givehim____________.
22 inourhome country, there are also_____________.
23peoplewith international drivers’ licenses can _________________.
24 wewillhave less troubles in others countries if we can _________________.
25whenyou are carrying much money with you, it’s better to __________________.

Atake a taxiB drive abroadC ask for a safeD a lot of attentionE unfriendlypeopleF follow their customs
四，填句补文（第26-30题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请依照短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌，并在“非选择题”答题区作答。
Friendshipof American Style
Steve and Yaser first met in their chemistryclass at an American university.Yaser was an international student fromJordan. He was excited to get to know anAmerican. Yaser hoped that he and Stevewould become good friends.
As first, Steve seemed very friendly. Healways greeted Yaser warmly beforeclass. Sometimes he offered to study with Yaser.___________26____________. Butafter the semester was over, Steve seemed moredistant. One day Yasser decidedto call Steve. Steve didn’t seem veryinterested in talking to him. Yaser washurt by Steve’s change of attitude.
Yaser is a little confuse. He is an outsiderto American culture.________27_________. Americans view the word “friend” in avery general way.Americans have school friends, work friends, sports friendsand neighborhoodfriends. __________28____________. When the shared activityends, the friendshipmay fade. Now Steve and Yaser are no longer classmates,their friendship haschanged.
In some cultures friendship means a stronglife-long bond between two people. Inthese cultures friendships developslowly, since they are built to last. _________29__________.American societyis one of those rapid changes. Studies show that one out offive Americanfamilies moves very year.
People from the United States may at firstseem friendly. Americans often chateasily with strangers. They exchangeinformation about their families, hobbiesand work. They may smile warmly andsay,” have a nice day” or “see you later.”Schoolmates may say,” let’s gettogether sometime.”_____________30_____________.
A.However,American friendships develop quickly, and they may change just asquickly.
B.Americansdo value friendship, but they won’t trust you completely.
C.Thesefriendships are based on common interests.
D.Hedoesn’t understand the way Americans view friendship.
E.ButAmerican friendliness is not always an offer of true friendship.
F.Heeven invited Yaser to have lunch with him.

五，填词补文（第31—40题，每题1.5分，共15分）
下面的短文有10出空白，短文后列出12个词，其中10个取自短文，请依照短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌，并在“非选择题”答题区内作答。
The History of English
The history of the English language beganover 1500 years ago in the north ofEurope. Around the fifth century A.D.,tribes (部落) ofpeople ____31_____asthe Angels, Saxons and Jutes traveled west from Germany andDenmark _____32_____the North Sea. They settled in Britai