2025年专升本英语复习笔记.doc

从至今，一般高等学校选拔优秀专科毕业生进入本科阶段学习（一般专升本）考试只考两门課程，一是公共英語課程，二是专业基础課程；公共英語課程是所有非英語专业的必考課程。满分150分，可見公共英語在专升本考试中的重要性。為了帮应试学生更好地整体把握考试，給出历年真題的題型及分值记录分析表。-专升本公共英語真題題型及分值表试題題型詞汇語法3030304040404040阅读理解6060604040404040完形填空2020102020202020翻译2020202020202030詞性转换10101010100作文2020202020202020总分150150150150150150150150从该表看出，自开始，詞汇語法、阅读理解、完形填空、作文都是每年必考的固定題型，并且分值不变。翻译也是每年必考的題型，从-每年20分（英译汉10分，汉译英10分），但翻译部分增長了10分的英汉对话翻译。詞性转换自-每年10分，但取消该題型。每年固定不变的題型有詞汇語法、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译、作文；可变化的題型有詞性转换、补全对话、辨识錯误和英汉对话翻译，预测这几种題型会任选一种，分值10分。-专升本公共英語詞汇与語法测试试題分值表考点語法14+20c19+20c15+10c38+20 c30+20 c22+20 c19+20 c30+20 c詞汇161115+102+1010+1018+1021+1010+合计5050507070707060比例1/31/31/31/21/21/21/21/3从表中看出，直接考察語法和詞汇知识分值有70分，占了总分值的近1/2。从开始， 在40分的語法詞汇部分，語法占的比重大，如，語法：詞汇是38:2；，語法：詞汇是30:10；，語法：詞汇是22:18；，語法：詞汇是19:21；，語法：詞汇是30:10。而阅读、翻译及写作部分，仍然是考核語法詞汇基本知识的，因此学好語法詞汇是考好专升本英語的关键。考什么？ 学什么？河南省教育厅学生处“专升本”考试的规定指出：“英語考试规定為大学英語考试三至四级水平”。短短的几句话，包括了英語考试的所有内容，但我們考生诸多時候却并不明白：究竟要考什么？Example 1: P52,03,36 Lynda and hundreds of young people like him_ the post of typist.第A approach（措施，靠近，走近） B applied for C appealed to（吸引，恳求，上诉） D approved of (赞成)題干研究：1 考察詞汇：Q1: like; post; typist.熟詞生意。Post no bills.严禁张贴。Post position of paid employment.职位。2 考察語法：Q2: Lynda and hundreds of young people like him 并列平行构造。并列连詞所连接的并列成分应当在构造和功能上保持一致，这就是并列平行构造，该語法知识点時常考到。历年真題再現：直接考的有詞汇构造題中的04，P98,24;间接考的有：05，P85，阅读中4中句子A growing number of unemployed Americans waste time browsing the estimated 4,000 to 5,000 online job sites, filling them with resumes and then waiting for replies.在这样一种句子中，并列平行构造这一語法知识对于句子的对的理解起到了绝对重要的作用。选项研究：A approach（措施，靠近，走近） B applied for C appealed to（吸引，恳求，上诉） D approved of (赞成)选项考察到：1 形近詞；2 詞义及語境，在此語境下只能选用某一选项。此外appeal to 在同一份试卷的第49页阅读3中出現。 综合本題，其重要考察詞汇的，考察形近詞在特定語境下的区别。但间接的考到了上述的其他知识。假如不能对的理解上述有关知识，不也許理解本句的意义，也就不也許对的地根据句义选出对的的答案。同步，需要提醒的是，在本題中间接考到的有关知识点在此外的題目中就也許直接考到，真題已经阐明了这一点。因此，教师要做到举一反三，同学也要做到这一步。Example 2:04，P65,60.定語从句語法点。They overcome all the difficulties and fulfilled the plan three months ahead of time,_，is something we had not expected.A. that B what C it D which此处属于直接考。间接考例子有：翻译阅读同步出現。07，P96,p4,There never seemed to be enough time to go to church, which disturbed some friends and relations.阅读出現。06,P85,P4,Internet-addicted job seekers may be partly the cause of the fact that it is taking the unemployed 23% longer to find a new position than it took during the last recession, when the “benefits ”online job searching were unavailable.同步注意本句波及到的其他知识点1 Internet-addicted ,job seekers the cause unemployed, position, unavailable.这些都是某些重要的詞汇，在这里间接考到。2 語法要点：第一，定語从句；第二，同位語从句（常考点07，P99,31）；第三，than 比较级句子。专升本本英語考试究竟考什么，手段无非从詞汇和語法这两个方面来进行，辅之于阅读、完形填空、翻译和写作这四种措施。因此，上課过程中，我們有時会把阅读的讲解拉到語法、詞汇讲解一块，由于它們自身是难以分开的，但侧重点有所不一样。全程计划：詞汇与語法4-5天；有同学会說单詞詞汇与构造一題一分，要花费那么多時间干什么，这种想法是錯误的，没有这些一切都不也許，从目前开始大家要把重要精力花在背诵单詞、詞组上面；阅读4-5天；完形填空4-5天、翻译、写作各1天，其中完形填空多占時间，翻译次之。上午課語法為主，下午要讲一部分詞汇练习。由于語法学好了，对英語学习我們就有了一种体系性的认识，因此我們首先从語法开始。不过单詞、詞组、固定搭配最难。第一部分 語法与詞汇Part 高频語法有关語法：語法会不会考？要考多少分？12-16分，直接考不会少于12分（直接考什么意思啊）；要考考什么？通过-真題记录得出，語法考点依次重点為：从句、非谓語动詞、虚拟語气、情态动詞、形容詞和副詞、动詞時态、动詞語态、介詞、倒装、独立主格、it使用方法、主谓一致、反义疑问句等。虚拟語气；名詞性从句；定語从句；非谓語动詞；倒装語序（这五大项排名不分先后），一般直接考2分左右；下面尚有時态与語态2分-1分，情态动詞+have done 1分，主谓一致要考1分,强调句句型1分。专升本本英語考试中出現的語法，大部分都在中学出現过，因此，我們的辅导不适宜面面俱到，只需突出考试中最常考到的某些重点、难点。定語从句、名詞性从句、非谓語动詞的掌握不仅对于詞汇构造直接考察故意义，并且更為重要的是对于阅读理解意义相称重大；有些語法知识例如虚拟語气、倒装、强调句句型、主谓一致、反义疑问句则重要对于詞汇构造題直接考意义重大；有些語法知识诸如并列平行构造、状語从句、插入构造、it指代使用方法、比较构造则重要对于阅读理解有重大意义。Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the truth about their condition , and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide.注意找主干語法波及到体系性的理论问題，需要靠讲解，但也更需要結合习題来讲解！第一章 定語从句考什么：which引导的非限制性定語从句，一级考点定語从句是由关系代詞或关系副詞引起的，在句子中充当定語成分，来修饰名詞、代詞或句子。定語从句一般放在它所修饰的名詞或代詞之后，这种名詞或代詞称為先行詞。 概念与例句定語从句关系代詞(介詞+关系代詞)先行詞关系副詞The new points which the president stressed in his report are very important indeed.(定語从句、关系代詞、先行詞)That is the reason why I am not in favor of revising the plan.(定語从句、关系代副詞、先行詞)所有从句都是由连接詞引出来的，定語从句的连接詞被叫做关系代詞、关系副詞。详细而言，有如下几种状况（一）关系代詞知识点关系代詞先行詞关系代詞所作成分例句that人或物主、宾、表1which物或整句话主、宾（动詞宾語、介詞宾語）2who人主3whom人宾4whose人或物定語（相称于先行詞的所有格）5as 人或物或整句话主語、宾語6例句：1 One should not plant a garden that is too large for him to care for.阅读1)(062 .Because of their frequent wars, many of their inventions were no more than improvements in the design of Greek weapons with which they were familiar.(06阅读2)3 There are a lot of women who will do the job as well as men.(06阅读2)Anyone who brought his sleeping bag and cooking equipment along could stay there for a very small quantity of money.(03月度2，P48).4 He saw the manager talking with somebody whom he didnt know.5 Many people whose possessions were destroyed in natural disasters eventually considered their loss as a blessing.(06CET-6,12)6 As is often the case, the more you use your brain, the more active it will become.(03翻译section B 4,P57)关系代詞使用的几种尤其规定：That 1)先行詞是不定代詞，常見有all, much, any, something, anything等；2）先行詞被all, any, every, some,(a)few,(a)little修3）先行詞被最高级、序数詞、the only/next/same/very修饰時；4）先行詞既包括人，又包括物時。 5)只用which:介詞后、引导非限制性定語从句只能用which。介詞+which既可以引导限制性定語从句，也可以引导非限制性定語从句，该构造中介詞的选择取决于从句谓語动詞的固定搭配，也取决于先行詞的习惯搭配。It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.This is the computer on which he spent all his savings.6)关系代詞省略状况：that、which引导定語从句作宾語可以省略。但如下状况不可省略：第一，引导非限制性定語从句中，虽然作宾語which也不能省略。第二，关系代詞紧跟介詞后，作介詞宾語，此時一不可用that，只可用which或whom 引导定語从句，并且不可省略；但当介詞谓語定語从句句末時，作為介詞宾語的关系代詞仍可用that,也可以省略。This is one of the things with which we have to put up.This is one of the things （that/which ）we have to put up with.（二）关系副詞知识点关系副詞与先行詞关系在从句中所作成分when先行詞是表达時间的名詞，相称于介詞+which.状語where先行詞是表达地点的名詞，相称于介詞+which状語why先行詞是表达理由的名詞（reason），相称于for+which.状語二练习反馈長难句分析与理解1 Do Americans have the capacity and vision to remove these structural barriers that deny democratic rights and opportunities?(06CET4阅读)2. Culture shock is an occupational disease for people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad(04 P61阅读4)3 For primitive men, activity during the day meant hunting and attacking , in which he soon saw as red, the color of blood and fire.(05 P70阅读1)4 The curriculum consisted mainly of the classical languages, and the purpose of this kind of school was the preparation of boys for college, where most of them would be fitted for the ministry.(07 P97)改正句子中的錯误1 We grow all our own fruit and vegetables, that saves money, of course.2 New York is famous for its skyscrapers, the highest of them has more than 100 storey.3 My boss even thought that beer was the best drink which he had ever drunk.4 I am pleased with what you have given me and all what you have told me .5 One of the most beautiful natural wonders in the United States is the Grand Canyon, where located in northwestern Arizona.6 The first place where the students visited in the motor factory was the tool room.7 Do you think the reason why he gave is believable?难句挑战1 This new dictionary contains 16,ooo new words and expressions,_ reflect recent research in science and technology.A many of themB many of whichC many of thatD many of those2 Ive never been to Beijing, but its the best place _.A where Id like to visit B in which Id like to visit C I most want to visit D that I want to visit it most3 The days _ you could travel without a passportare a thing of the past. A in which B on which C of which D at which4 Sports, _ most young people like very much, may make you very strong.A that B / C which D and5In the Europe , as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing house that work in relation to one another. 找主干第二章 名詞性从句考什么：that、what引导的名詞性从句，一级考点。所谓名詞性从句，就是把这个句子当作名詞使用，并在句子中充当一定的句子成分：主語、同位語、表語、宾語。做什么成分，这个名詞性从句就是对应的主語从句、同位語从句、表語从句、宾語从句。一主語从句：在句子中担当主語的是一种句子，这个句子就叫做主語从句。How this happenedis still a question.It is clear that he has gone.所有从句都是由连接詞引出来的，主語从句的连接詞有如下几种状况：连詞that whether(that 在从句中没有任何意义，不作任何成分，但不可省略)连接代詞What, whatever, who, whoever连接副詞When, where, how,why注意考点：1 In the new country, that women go out to work and add to the family income is a new pattern of family life.2 What refrigeration did promote was marketingmarketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.(P81,test3).直接作為单向选择題出現的名詞性从句考点有两处：第一，主語从句；第二，同位語从句。而主語从句直接考点最重要的就是有关that/what辨别问題。同位語连接詞that不作任何成分，没有任何意义，但在引导主語从句時不可省略。注意：名詞性从句中的that与定語从句中的that有着明显的差异：作不作成分，有无指代。二同位語从句读例子說问題：同位語、同位語从句、同位語连接詞。1. The idea that we can invite him tomorrow is quite good.2 The rumor that therell be earthquake soonspread all over the area.3 The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.4 After a couple of rounds, the only, last and serious question remains whether our team can win the majority of the people.专升本考点：1 背面常接同位語从句的抽象名詞Belief, certainty, concept, doubt, evidence, explanation, fact, hope, idea, news, order, promise, proof, question ,rumor, thought等。2 分隔状况有時，由that引导的同位語从句可以不紧跟在它所阐明的名詞背面，而被谓語动詞等隔开。Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.3 注意辨别that 引导的同位語从句和定語从句的区别The suggestion that she should stay in the room is good.The suggestion that she has given at the meeting is good.练习反馈That 在第一种句子中引导的是同位語从句，没故意义，不作成分，但不可省略。 难題挑战：1 The argument made by some scientist _ global warming is just a natural phenomenon has been challenged by new evidence.A which B that C of that D about which2 Because the drug has been studied in humans for only a few years, nobody knows _ its long-term effects might be.A any of which B that C about which D what3 The value of having frequent sun baths lies in _ they can do to our health.A that B how C what D the fact that4 _ the science of medicine is one of the most useful science is widely accepted.A ThatB WhetherC WhatD Which5 Schools, libraries and community centers are the only places _ people have access to all kinds of information.A that B where C whichD as三表語从句如主句主語為reason ，只能用that引导口号从句，不可用because。The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.第三章 非谓語动詞考什么？1不定式的省略to状况，不定式的被动式、完毕式；2 波及到固定搭配需要使用的动名詞形式；3 过去分詞与目前分詞作状語時候的比较选择；4 独立主格构造。非谓語动詞是指那些在句中不能单独充当句子谓語成分的动詞形式。基本形式有四种：不定式、动名詞、分詞和独立主格构造。1 不定式：06P81阅读1，第三段：Freezers make it possible to keep some of the vegetables to be enjoyed at a later date.第四段：One should not plant a garden that is too large for him to care for.2 动名詞与目前分詞：Having vegetables in the backyard makes home gardening appealing to many people.一不定式考点不定式构成to+do(动詞原形)。1 不定式的時态与語态時态 語态积极被动一般式To do: where can we get some sickles to cut the rice with.表达不定式动作与谓語动詞动作同步或在其后发生。To be done完毕式To have done: Mrs. Brown is supposed to have left for Italy last week.表达1：不定式动作、状态发生于谓語之前。2表达未来某一時刻之前不定式表达的动作、状态完毕Were leaving at six in the morning , and hope to have done most of the journey by lunch time.To have been done进行式To be doing 完毕进行式To have been doing: He was happy to have been staying with his uncle.不定式动作在谓語动作之前发生，但仍在持续进行。注意to have done的特殊考点：(1) should like/would like/love +to have done,表达过去未实現的动作；Id like to have gone with you on your hike last weekend, but I was too busy.(2) 在wish, intend, mean, expect, pretend, plan, think等表达“打算”“计划”等含义的过去時动詞背面,接to have done也表达动作没有实現。I intended to have limited my research to waste water treatment, but I was asked to deal with other problems too.2 n+to do+介詞I havent decided which hotel to stay at.3 dobut/except 构造中，but 前面有do的某种形式，but/except后接不带to的不定式。此外cannot help but也接不带to的不定式，属于特例。4 had better, would rather/soonerthan, ratherthan, might as well之后必须接动詞原形。二 动名詞考点1 時态和語态時态 語态积极語态被动語态一般式Doing: I approved of his taking part in the project.Being done: After being interviewed for the job, you will be required to take a language test.完毕式Having done: The man in the corner confessed to having told a lie to the manager.Having been done: She resents having been criticized by her boss yesterday.2 专升本英語也許会出現的后接动名詞的动詞有：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, imagine, mind, miss, practice, resist, risk, suggest, quit, enjoy, finish.(如考到后两詞，那属于弱智題)。3 专升本英語也許会出現的后接动名詞的詞组有：be(get)used to ; be accustomed to, be devoted to, be busy, cannot help, confess to, give up, have trouble(in), have difficulty(in )h1, it is no use/goodh2, look forward to, object to, lead to, stick to, get down to, see to等。Used to do VS be used to doingh3Be accustomed to, be used to, devote to, dedicate to, look forward to, lead to, contribute to, object to, stick to, get down to, see to.这里的to 都是介詞，背面只能接动名詞。4 在need, want, require, deserve等动詞以及形容詞worth后，动名詞积极形式表达被动意义。Your hair wants cutting.三分詞考点（本部分結合教材）分詞是非谓語动詞部分最為重要的一种部分，分詞包括present participle, past participle。分詞也具有時态和語态的变化。1 目前分詞与过去分詞的区别点：語态時态目前分詞积极进行（某些特例状况下并不必然表达进行）如：promising young man过去分詞被动完毕还要注意原则上語态服从時态，如retired general。Seeing from the hill, you can see the whole city.Seeing from the hill, the city is beautiful.Heated to 100, water will boil.Heating to 100, water will boil2有些过去分詞已经转化為形容詞，没有被动的概念和已经完毕的概念，如a practiced man技术娴熟的人，well-behaved young man懂礼貌的年轻人，the cultivated people 有修养的人。尤其在做阅读理解時候注意及時能从对应的动詞意义转变过来。同样道理，有些动詞的目前分詞也已转化為固定的形容詞，重要是由表达人的情绪的动詞变化而来，意思為“令人”如：amusing, astonishing, boring, inspiring, promising, puzzling。这就要注意过去分詞、目前分詞转化来的形容詞詞义的差异：Boring, bored; interesting, interested; satisfying, satisfied; tiring, tired等。3 目前分詞的完毕式、被动式第一，表达一般性动作，不表明动作的先后或与谓語动作同步发生，用目前分詞一般式。第二，目前分詞所示的动作先于句子谓語发生，要用完毕式。（not）having done.第三，目前分詞的逻辑主語是目前分詞动作的对象，要用被动式。（not）being done,(not)having been done.例句研究：1 Over fishing, coupled with destructive fishing practices, is killing off the fish and ruining their environment.(CET031听力)。顺便注意这里的主谓一致is.过去分詞转化的形容詞短語作状語2 They stated their considered judgement, painstaking arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation.(CET4,03,9)过去分詞做定語的经典例子。四 独立主格构造我們在前面讲到过去分詞和目前分詞短語作状語時候，它們的逻辑主語应当是句子的主語。但有時过去分詞短語和目前分詞短語带有自已的主語，这个主語叫做逻辑主語，该逻辑主語一般由名詞或代詞充当，放在过去分詞或目前分詞短語之前，我們把这一构造称為独立主格构造。独立主格构造与主句之间不能使用任何连接詞。She walked along the path, her daughter following close behind.All