专升本英语复习笔记.doc

专升本英语复习笔记资料仅供参考从 至今，普通高等学校选拔优秀专科毕业生进入本科阶段学习（普通专升本）考试只考两门课程，一是公共英语课程，二是专业基础课程；公共英语课程是所有非英语专业的必考课程。满分150分，可见公共英语在专升本考试中的重要性。为了帮应试学生更好地整体把握考试，给出历年真题的题型及分值统计分析表。 - 专升本公共英语真题题型及分值表试题题型 词汇语法3030304040404040阅读理解6060604040404040完形填空2020102020202020翻译2020202020202030词性转换10101010100作文2020202020202020总分150150150150150150150150从该表看出，自 开始，词汇语法、阅读理解、完形填空、作文都是每年必考的固定题型，而且分值不变。翻译也是每年必考的题型，从 - 每年20分（英译汉10分，汉译英10分），但 翻译部分增加了10分的英汉对话翻译。词性转换自 - 每年10分，但 取消该题型。每年固定不变的题型有词汇语法、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译、作文；可变化的题型有词性转换、补全对话、辨识错误和英汉对话翻译，预测这几种题型会任选一个，分值10分。 - 专升本公共英语词汇与语法测试试题分值表考点 语法14+20c19+20c15+10c38+20 c30+20 c22+20 c19+20 c30+20 c词汇161115+102+1010+1018+1021+1010+合计5050507070707060比例1/31/31/31/21/21/21/21/3从表中看出，直接考察语法和词汇知识分值有70分，占了总分值的近1/2。从 开始， 在40分的语法词汇部分，语法占的比重大，如 ，语法：词汇是38:2； ，语法：词汇是30:10； ，语法：词汇是22:18； ，语法：词汇是19:21； ，语法：词汇是30:10。而阅读、翻译及写作部分，依然是考核语法词汇基本知识的，因此学好语法词汇是考好专升本英语的关键。考什么？ 学什么？河南省教育厅学生处“专升本”考试的要求指出：“英语考试要求为大学英语考试三至四级水平”。短短的几句话，包含了英语考试的全部内容，但我们考生很多时候却并不明白：到底要考什么？Example 1: P52,03,36 Lynda and hundreds of young people like him_ the post of typist.第A approach（方法，靠近，走近） B applied for C appealed to（吸引，恳求，上诉） D approved of (赞成)题干研究：1 考查词汇：Q1: like; post; typist.熟词生意。Post no bills.禁止张贴。Post position of paid employment.职位。2 考查语法：Q2: Lynda and hundreds of young people like him 并列平行结构。并列连词所连接的并列成分应当在结构和功能上保持一致，这就是并列平行结构，该语法知识点时常考到。历年真题再现：直接考的有词汇结构题中的04，P98,24;间接考的有：05，P85，阅读中4中句子A growing number of unemployed Americans waste time browsing the estimated 4,000 to 5,000 online job sites, filling them with resumes and then waiting for replies.在这样一个句子中，并列平行结构这一语法知识对于句子的正确理解起到了绝对重要的作用。选项研究：A approach（方法，靠近，走近） B applied for C appealed to（吸引，恳求，上诉） D approved of (赞成)选项考查到：1 形近词；2 词义及语境，在此语境下只能选用某一选项。另外appeal to 在同一份试卷的第49页阅读3中出现。 综合本题，其主要考查词汇的，考查形近词在特定语境下的区别。但间接的考到了上述的其它知识。如果不能正确理解上述相关知识，不可能理解本句的意义，也就不可能正确地根据句义选出正确的答案。同时，需要提醒的是，在本题中间接考到的相关知识点在另外的题目中就可能直接考到，真题已经说明了这一点。因此，教师要做到举一反三，同学也要做到这一步。Example 2:04，P65,60.定语从句语法点。They overcome all the difficulties and fulfilled the plan three months ahead of time,_，is something we had not expected.A. that B what C it D which此处属于直接考。间接考例子有：翻译阅读同时出现。07，P96,p4,There never seemed to be enough time to go to church, which disturbed some friends and relations.阅读出现。06,P85,P4,Internet-addicted job seekers may be partly the cause of the fact that it is taking the unemployed 23% longer to find a new position than it took during the last recession, when the “benefits ”online job searching were unavailable.同时注意本句涉及到的其它知识点1 Internet-addicted ,job seekers the cause unemployed, position, unavailable.这些都是一些重要的词汇，在这里间接考到。2 语法要点：第一，定语从句；第二，同位语从句（常考点07，P99,31）；第三，than 比较级句子。专升本本英语考试到底考什么，手段无非从词汇和语法这两个方面来进行，辅之于阅读、完形填空、翻译和写作这四种方法。因此，上课过程中，我们有时会把阅读的讲解拉到语法、词汇讲解一块，因为它们本身是难以分开的，但侧重点有所不同。全程计划：词汇与语法4-5天；有同学会说单词词汇与结构一题一分，要花费那么多时间干什么，这种想法是错误的，没有这些一切都不可能，从现在开始大家要把主要精力花在背诵单词、词组上面；阅读4-5天；完形填空4-5天、翻译、写作各1天，其中完形填空多占时间，翻译次之。上午课语法为主，下午要讲一部分词汇练习。因为语法学好了，对英语学习我们就有了一个体系性的认识，因此我们首先从语法开始。可是单词、词组、固定搭配最难。第一部分 语法与词汇Part 高频语法关于语法：语法会不会考？要考多少分？12-16分，直接考不会少于12分（直接考什么意思啊）；要考考什么？经过 - 真题统计得出，语法考点依次重点为：从句、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、情态动词、形容词和副词、动词时态、动词语态、介词、倒装、独立主格、it用法、主谓一致、反义疑问句等。虚拟语气；名词性从句；定语从句；非谓语动词；倒装语序（这五大项排名不分先后），一般直接考2分左右；下面还有时态与语态2分-1分，情态动词+have done 1分，主谓一致要考1分,强调句句型1分。专升本本英语考试中出现的语法，大部分都在中学出现过，因此，我们的辅导不宜面面俱到，只需突出考试中最常考到的一些重点、难点。定语从句、名词性从句、非谓语动词的掌握不但对于词汇结构直接考查有意义，而且更为重要的是对于阅读理解意义相当重大；有些语法知识比如虚拟语气、倒装、强调句句型、主谓一致、反义疑问句则主要对于词汇结构题直接考意义重大；有些语法知识诸如并列平行结构、状语从句、插入结构、it指代用法、比较结构则主要对于阅读理解有重大意义。Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the truth about their condition , and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide.注意找主干语法涉及到体系性的理论问题，需要靠讲解，但也更需要结合习题来讲解！第一章 定语从句考什么：which引导的非限制性定语从句，一级考点定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引起的，在句子中充当定语成分，来修饰名词、代词或句子。定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词称为先行词。 概念与例句定语从句关系代词(介词+关系代词)先行词关系副词The new points which the president stressed in his report are very important indeed.(定语从句、关系代词、先行词)That is the reason why I am not in favor of revising the plan.(定语从句、关系代副词、先行词)所有从句都是由连接词引出来的，定语从句的连接词被叫做关系代词、关系副词。具体而言，有以下几种情况（一）关系代词知识点关系代词先行词关系代词所作成分例句that人或物主、宾、表1which物或整句话主、宾（动词宾语、介词宾语）2who人主3whom人宾4whose人或物定语（相当于先行词的所有格）5as 人或物或整句话主语、宾语6例句：1 One should not plant a garden that is too large for him to care for.阅读1)(062 .Because of their frequent wars, many of their inventions were no more than improvements in the design of Greek weapons with which they were familiar.(06阅读2)3 There are a lot of women who will do the job as well as men.(06阅读2)Anyone who brought his sleeping bag and cooking equipment along could stay there for a very small quantity of money.(03月度2，P48).4 He saw the manager talking with somebody whom he didnt know.5 Many people whose possessions were destroyed in natural disasters eventually considered their loss as a blessing.(06CET-6,12)6 As is often the case, the more you use your brain, the more active it will become.(03翻译section B 4,P57)关系代词使用的几种特别规定：That 1)先行词是不定代词，常见有all, much, any, something, anything等；2）先行词被all, any, every, some,(a)few,(a)little修3）先行词被最高级、序数词、the only/next/same/very修饰时；4）先行词既包括人，又包括物时。 5)只用which:介词后、引导非限制性定语从句只能用which。介词+which既能够引导限制性定语从句，也能够引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，也取决于先行词的习惯搭配。It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.This is the computer on which he spent all his savings.6)关系代词省略情况：that、which引导定语从句作宾语能够省略。但以下情况不可省略：第一，引导非限制性定语从句中，即使作宾语which也不能省略。第二，关系代词紧跟介词后，作介词宾语，此时一不可用that，只可用which或whom 引导定语从句，而且不可省略；但当介词谓语定语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that,也能够省略。This is one of the things with which we have to put up.This is one of the things （that/which ）we have to put up with.（二）关系副词知识点关系副词与先行词关系在从句中所作成分when先行词是表示时间的名词，相当于介词+which.状语where先行词是表示地点的名词，相当于介词+which状语why先行词是表示理由的名词（reason），相当于for+which.状语二练习反馈长难句分析与理解1 Do Americans have the capacity and vision to remove these structural barriers that deny democratic rights and opportunities?(06CET4阅读)2. Culture shock is an occupational disease for people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad(04 P61阅读4)3 For primitive men, activity during the day meant hunting and attacking , in which he soon saw as red, the color of blood and fire.(05 P70阅读1)4 The curriculum consisted mainly of the classical languages, and the purpose of this kind of school was the preparation of boys for college, where most of them would be fitted for the ministry.(07 P97)改正句子中的错误1 We grow all our own fruit and vegetables, that saves money, of course.2 New York is famous for its skyscrapers, the highest of them has more than 100 storey.3 My boss even thought that beer was the best drink which he had ever drunk.4 I am pleased with what you have given me and all what you have told me .5 One of the most beautiful natural wonders in the United States is the Grand Canyon, where located in northwestern Arizona.6 The first place where the students visited in the motor factory was the tool room.7 Do you think the reason why he gave is believable?难句挑战1 This new dictionary contains 16,ooo new words and expressions,_ reflect recent research in science and technology.A many of themB many of whichC many of thatD many of those2 Ive never been to Beijing, but its the best place _.A where Id like to visit B in which Id like to visit C I most want to visit D that I want to visit it most3 The days _ you could travel without a passportare a thing of the past. A in which B on which C of which D at which4 Sports, _ most young people like very much, may make you very strong.A that B / C which D and5In the Europe , as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing house that work in relation to one another. 找主干第二章 名词性从句考什么：that、what引导的名词性从句，一级考点。所谓名词性从句，就是把这个句子当作名词使用，并在句子中充当一定的句子成分：主语、同位语、表语、宾语。做什么成分，这个名词性从句就是相应的主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句、宾语从句。一主语从句：在句子中担当主语的是一个句子，这个句子就叫做主语从句。How this happenedis still a question.It is clear that he has gone.所有从句都是由连接词引出来的，主语从句的连接词有以下几种情况：连词that whether(that 在从句中没有任何意义，不作任何成分，但不可省略)连接代词What, whatever, who, whoever连接副词When, where, how,why注意考点：1 In the new country, that women go out to work and add to the family income is a new pattern of family life.2 What refrigeration did promote was marketingmarketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.(P81,test3).直接作为单向选择题出现的名词性从句考点有两处：第一，主语从句；第二，同位语从句。而主语从句直接考点最重要的就是关于that/what区分问题。同位语连接词that不作任何成分，没有任何意义，但在引导主语从句时不可省略。注意：名词性从句中的that与定语从句中的that有着明显的差别：作不作成分，有没有指代。二同位语从句读例子说问题：同位语、同位语从句、同位语连接词。1. The idea that we can invite him tomorrow is quite good.2 The rumor that therell be earthquake soonspread all over the area.3 The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.4 After a couple of rounds, the only, last and serious question remains whether our team can win the majority of the people.专升本考点：1 后面常接同位语从句的抽象名词Belief, certainty, concept, doubt, evidence, explanation, fact, hope, idea, news, order, promise, proof, question ,rumor, thought等。2 分隔情况有时，由that引导的同位语从句能够不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而被谓语动词等隔开。Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.3 注意区分that 引导的同位语从句和定语从句的区别The suggestion that she should stay in the room is good.The suggestion that she has given at the meeting is good.练习反馈That 在第一个句子中引导的是同位语从句，没有意义，不作成分，但不可省略。 难题挑战：1 The argument made by some scientist _ global warming is just a natural phenomenon has been challenged by new evidence.A which B that C of that D about which2 Because the drug has been studied in humans for only a few years, nobody knows _ its long-term effects might be.A any of which B that C about which D what3 The value of having frequent sun baths lies in _ they can do to our health.A that B how C what D the fact that4 _ the science of medicine is one of the most useful science is widely accepted.A ThatB WhetherC WhatD Which5 Schools, libraries and community centers are the only places _ people have access to all kinds of information.A that B where C whichD as三表语从句如主句主语为reason ，只能用that引导标语从句，不可用because。The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.第三章 非谓语动词考什么？1不定式的省略to情况，不定式的被动式、完成式；2 涉及到固定搭配需要使用的动名词形式；3 过去分词与现在分词作状语时候的比较选择；4 独立主格结构。非谓语动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当句子谓语成分的动词形式。基本形式有四种：不定式、动名词、分词和独立主格结构。1 不定式：06P81阅读1，第三段：Freezers make it possible to keep some of the vegetables to be enjoyed at a later date.第四段：One should not plant a garden that is too large for him to care for.2 动名词与现在分词：Having vegetables in the backyard makes home gardening appealing to many people.一不定式考点不定式构成to+do(动词原形)。1 不定式的时态与语态时态 语态主动被动一般式To do: where can we get some sickles to cut the rice with.表示不定式动作与谓语动词动作同时或在其后发生。To be done完成式To have done: Mrs. Brown is supposed to have left for Italy last week.表示1：不定式动作、状态发生于谓语之前。2表示将来某一时刻之前不定式表示的动作、状态完成Were leaving at six in the morning , and hope to have done most of the journey by lunch time.To have been done进行式To be doing 完成进行式To have been doing: He was happy to have been staying with his uncle.不定式动作在谓语动作之前发生，但仍在持续进行。注意to have done的特殊考点：(1) should like/would like/love +to have done,表示过去未实现的动作；Id like to have gone with you on your hike last weekend, but I was too busy.(2) 在wish, intend, mean, expect, pretend, plan, think等表示“打算”“计划”等含义的过去时动词后面,接to have done也表示动作没有实现。I intended to have limited my research to waste water treatment, but I was asked to deal with other problems too.2 n+to do+介词I havent decided which hotel to stay at.3 dobut/except 结构中，but 前面有do的某种形式，but/except后接不带to的不定式。另外cannot help but也接不带to的不定式，属于特例。4 had better, would rather/soonerthan, ratherthan, might as well之后必须接动词原形。二 动名词考点1 时态和语态时态 语态主动语态被动语态一般式Doing: I approved of his taking part in the project.Being done: After being interviewed for the job, you will be required to take a language test.完成式Having done: The man in the corner confessed to having told a lie to the manager.Having been done: She resents having been criticized by her boss yesterday.2 专升本英语可能会出现的后接动名词的动词有：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, imagine, mind, miss, practice, resist, risk, suggest, quit, enjoy, finish.(如考到后两词，那属于弱智题)。3 专升本英语可能会出现的后接动名词的词组有：be(get)used to ; be accustomed to, be devoted to, be busy, cannot help, confess to, give up, have trouble(in), have difficulty(in )h1, it is no use/goodh2, look forward to, object to, lead to, stick to, get down to, see to等。Used to do VS be used to doingh3Be accustomed to, be used to, devote to, dedicate to, look forward to, lead to, contribute to, object to, stick to, get down to, see to.这里的to 都是介词，后面只能接动名词。4 在need, want, require, deserve等动词以及形容词worth后，动名词主动形式表示被动意义。Your hair wants cutting.三分词考点（本部分结合教材）分词是非谓语动词部分最为重要的一个部分，分词包括present participle, past participle。分词也具有时态和语态的变化。1 现在分词与过去分词的区别点：语态时态现在分词主动进行（一些特例情况下并不必然表示进行）如：promising young man过去分词被动完成还要注意原则上语态服从时态，如retired general。Seeing from the hill, you can see the whole city.Seeing from the hill, the city is beautiful.Heated to 100, water will boil.Heating to 100, water will boil2有些过去分词已经转化为形容词，没有被动的概念和已经完成的概念，如a practiced man技术娴熟的人，well-behaved young man懂礼貌的年轻人，the cultivated people 有修养的人。特别在做阅读理解时候注意及时能从相应的动词意义转变过来。同样道理，有些动词的现在分词也已转化为固定的形容词，主要是由表示人的情绪的动词变化而来，意思为“令人”如：amusing, astonishing, boring, inspiring, promising, puzzling。这就要注意过去分词、现在分词转化来的形容词词义的差别：Boring, bored; interesting, interested; satisfying, satisfied; tiring, tired等。3 现在分词的完成式、被动式第一，表示一般性动作，不表明动作的先后或与谓语动作同时发生，用现在分词一般式。第二，现在分词所表示的动作先于句子谓语发生，要用完成式。（not）having done.第三，现在分词的逻辑主语是现在分词动作的对象，要用被动式。（not）being done,(not)having been done.例句研究：1 Over fishing, coupled with destructive fishing practices, is killing off the fish and ruining their environment.(CET031听力)。顺便注意这里的主谓一致is.过去分词转化的形容词短语作状语2 They stated their considered judgement, painstaking arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation.(CET4,03,9)过去分词做定语的典型例子。四 独立主格结构我们在前面讲到过去分词和现在分词短语作状语时候，它们的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时过去分词短语和现在分词短语带有自己的主语，这个主语叫做逻辑主语，该逻辑主语一般由名词或代词充当，放在过去分词或现在分词短语之前，我们把这一结构称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。She walked al