八年级英语暑假专题：句子的语气（2）.doc

一. 教学内容：
暑假专题——句子的语气（2）

疑问语气
概念：用于提出问题的句子叫做疑问句，分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句和选择疑问句。
1、一般疑问句：说话人若针对谓语动词本身提问，为“一般疑问句”，由于英语表达思想以谓语动词为“纲”，因而针对谓语的提问称为“一般疑问句”。
2、特殊疑问句：若对句子的其它成分提问，则为“特殊疑问句”，由于针对各种非谓语句子成份的提问被视为“特例”，因此被称为“特殊疑问句”。
（一）一般疑问句
基本结构：第一个动词+主语+其它动词+（其他成分）？
例：We have studied English grammar.→ Have you studied English grammar?
规则：
1、若谓语带有助动词，直接将第一个动词置于句首，句末加“？”。
例：They are listening to the song. → Are they listening to the song?
They have heard the song. → Have they heard the song?
They have been studying the program. → Have they been studying the program?
They will study the program. → Will they study the program?
They would study the program. → Would they study the program?
They had studied the program. → Had they studied the program?
2、若谓语动词仅为一个行为动词时，则直接在句首加疑问助动词do的适当形式，谓语行为动词变为动词原形。
例：They study the computer program. → Do they study the computer program?
He studies the computer program. → Does he study the computer program?
They studied the computer program. → Did they study the computer program?
3、若谓语动词仅为be动词，则直接将be动词置于句首而变成一般疑问句。
例：He is a doctor. → Is he a doctor?
He was a doctor. →Was he a doctor?
He will be a doctor. → Will he be a doctor?
He would be a doctor. → Would he be a doctor?
There are some apples in the basket. →Are there any apples in the basket?
4、一般疑问句的回答：
（1）肯定回答：“Yes, 主语 + 句首助动词”。
（2）否定回答：“No，主语 + 句首助动词 + not”。
例：—Is he a writer?
—Yes, he is.
—No, he is not(isn’t).
例：—Do they work here?
—Yes, they do.
—No, they don’t (do not).
例：—Does she speak French?
—Yes, she does.
—No, she doesn’t.
例：Adams has a notebook.
—Does Adams have a notebook?
—Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
或
—Has Adams a notebook?
—Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
例：—Can you tell me the way to the park?
—Yes, I can. No, I can’t.

（二）特殊疑问句
概念：以特殊疑问词开头的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句。
常用的疑问词有who, whom, what, when, where, why和how等。
基本结构：
1、对主语提问时为：特殊疑问词位于句首的陈述句结构。（特殊疑问词替代了原肯定陈述句中的主语）
2、对其它句子成份提问时为：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句。（特殊疑问词替代了原肯定陈述句中的提问成分）
提问类型：
1、对基本句子成分的提问：
（1）对主语成分进行提问：用who或what替代原句中的主语，句子其它部分的语序和陈述句相同，句尾用问号。
例：We studied English grammar in the library yesterday. →
Who studied English grammar in the library yesterday?
（2）当对主语之外的其它成分进行提问时，谓语动词的变化与一般疑问句相同（将第一个动词置于句首），其形式为：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。
A. 对宾语进行提问：涉及人时用whom（口语常用who）；涉及物时用what。
例：We studied English grammar in the library yesterday. →
What did you study in the library yesterday?
例：I am looking for Mr. Wilson. →
Who(Whom) are you looking for?
B. 对状语进行提问：若涉及时间状语用when或what time；涉及地点用where；涉及方式或程度用how；涉及原因用why。
例：We studied English grammar in the library yesterday. →
When did you study English grammar in the library?（对时间状语提问）
Where did you study English grammar yesterday?（对地点状语提问）
Why did she stop talking? （对原因状语提问）
How do you go to school? （对方式状语提问）
How do you like the movie? （对程度状语提问）
C．对定语进行提问：涉及人时用whose（谁的），涉及物时用which（哪一个）。
例：We studied English grammar in the library yesterday. →
Which grammar did you study in the library yesterday?
That is my dictionary. → Whose dictionary is that?
D. 对表语进行提问：
例：These are running shoes. →What are these?
That tall girl is Miss Wang. → Who is that tall girl?
2、几种特别固定形式的提问
（1）对年龄进行提问，用how old。
例：Lily is eleven. → How old is Lily?
（2）对距离进行提问：用how far。
例：The bus station is two kilometers from here. →
How far is the station from here?
（3）对一段时间进行提问，用how long。
例：I have been studying English for ten years. →
How long have you been studying English?
（4）对数量进行提问，用how many修饰可数名词；how much修饰不可数名词。
例：I have been to Beijing three times. →
How many times have you been to Beijing?
I want two kilos of fish. → How much fish do you want?
how much针对价格提问：
—How much is this jacket?
—It is 30 dollars.
I spend 50 dollars on books every term. →
How much do you spend on books every term?
（5）针对频率提问，用how often.
例：I usually go to visit my hometown every two years. 我通常每两年回一次家乡。
→ How often do you go to visit your hometown?
3、特殊疑问句的回答：针对提问的句子成份直接回答。
例：Which grammar did you study in the library yesterday?
(We studied) English grammar (in the library yesterday).

（三）选择疑问句
当提问涉及两个或两个以上的对象，需回答者从中选其一时，用选择疑问句。选择疑问句通常在结尾读降调，并要用较完整的答语回答。
例：—Which way is quicker, by bus or by train?
—By bus.
—Will you stay here or go with us?你是留下来还是和我们一起走？
—I’ll stay here.我要留下来。
例：—Would you like some coffee or tea?你喜欢喝点咖啡还是茶？
—Coffee, please.请来杯咖啡吧。
例：—What colour do you like, white, black or green?你喜欢哪种颜色，白色，黑色还是绿色？
—I like green.我喜欢绿色。
选择疑问句的回答：一般针对所提问题，在被选择对象中挑出一个直接回答。

【典型例题】
（一）把下列陈述句变成一般疑问句。
　1. Li Lei is at home today.
　　______ Li Lei at home today?
　2. I go to school on my bike.
　　______ you ______ to school on your bike?
　3. He can see a bird in the tree.
　　______ he ______ a bird in the tree?
　4. There are some apples in the basket.
　　______ ______ ______ apples in the basket?

（二）对划线部分提问。
　1. Her name is Liu Qian.
　 ______ her name?
　2. Jill is fine.
　 ______ is Jill?
　3. Jack is five.
　 ______ ______ is Jack?
　4. My brother is in a black car.
　 ______ ______ your brother?
5. The man in a black car is my brother.
______ ______ is your brother?

【参考答案】
（一）把下列陈述句变成一般疑问句。
1. _Is_ Li Lei at home today?
2. Do you __go__ to school on your bike?
3. __Can__ he __see__ a bird in the tree?
4. __Are__ _there_ _any_ apples in the basket?

（二）对划线部分提问。
1. Her name is Liu Qian.
　 _What’s_ her name?
2. Jill is fine.
　 __How__ is Jill?
3. Jack is five.
　__How_ __old_ is Jack?
4. My brother is in a black car.
　_Where_ __is_ your brother?
5. The man in a black car is my brother.
_Which_ _man_ is your brother?

【模拟试题】（答题时间：25分钟）
一、改为一般疑问句
1. I can skate well. __________ __________skate well?
2. Kate does morning exercises every day.
　　__________ Kate__________ morning exercises every day?
3. The exam begins at nine.
__________ the exam__________ at nine?
4. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday.
　__________ Ann__________ the book to the library yesterday?
5. There's something to eat in the cupboard.
　　__________ there__________ to eat in the cupboard?
6. Mary likes scuba diving very much.
　　__________ Mary__________ scuba diving very much?

二、对划线部分提问
1. Jim will return in two weeks.
　　__________ __________ will Jim return? (哈尔滨)
2. Mrs. Read didn't sleep well last night because the wind made too much noise.
　　__________ __________ Mrs. Read__________ well last night? (济南)
3. He was playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon.
　　__________ __________ he__________ at four yesterday afternoon? (青海)
4. He has worked in this school for five years.
　　__________ __________ has he worked in this school? (成都)
5. John went to see his grandmother once a week.
__________ __________ __________ John go to see his grandmother? (广州)
6. I was born in 1980.
　　__________ __________ you born? (重庆)
7. I have two books in my bag.
　　__________ __________ you have in your bag? (泰安)
8. The car near the river is mine.
　　__________ __________ is yours? (泰安)
9. Allan will go back to England by plane next month.
　　__________ __________ Allan go back to England next month? (福州)
10. Urumqi is 3790 kilometres from Wuhan.
__________ __________ is Urumqi from Wuhan?

【试题答案】
一、改为一般疑问句
1. Can you 2. Does, do　3. Does, begin 4. Did, return　5. Is, anything 6. Does, like

二、对划线部分提问
1. How soon 2. Why didn't, sleep 3. What was, doing 4. How long 5. How often did
6. When were　7. What do 8. Which car　9. How will 10. How far