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Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark. Section A
1. I used to be afraid of the dark. 我过去害怕黑暗。
used to 表示“过去常常做……”,其后接动词原形,否定形式didn’t use to 或usedn’t to。如:
I used to walk after supper. 我过去常常晚饭后散步。
I didn’t use to walk after supper.=I usedn’t to walk after supper.
巧记used to do
used to 过去常常,后边动词原形来帮忙。否定didn’t/usedn’t,didn’t出现更经常。
辨析：used to do,be used to doing与be used to do
used to do
意为“过去常常”,表示过去的动作。如:
He used to get up late. 他过去起得很晚。
be used to sth./doing
意为“习惯于”。如:
We are used to reading English in the morning.
我们习惯于早上读英语。
I am used to his class.我习惯他的课了。
be used to do
意为“被用于”,为被动语态。可以用be use for doing代替。如:
The writing brush is used to draw.
=The writing brush is used for drawing.
画笔是用来绘画的。
2. She was always silent in class. 她在课堂上总是很安静。
silent adj. 安静的。其名词形式为silence。常见短语为keep silent。如:
The “e” in “time”is a silent letter. time中的e不发音。
When we see someone doing something bad,we can’t keep silent.
看到有人做坏事,我们不能沉默。
辨析：silent与quiet
①quiet “静止的、宁静的、没有激动、烦恼、忧虑的”,强调没有扰乱,没有兴奋活动或闹声的“宁静”或“心神安逸”。如:
Ask the children to make less noise and keep quiet.
让孩子们小点声,保持安静。
②silent “声音极小的、沉默的、寡言的”。如:
John is a silent,thoughtful boy. 约瀚是个不爱讲话,喜欢思考的孩子。
The house was silent because everyone was asleep.
房子里很安静,所有的人都睡着了。
3. She still plays the from time to time. 她依旧不时地弹奏 。
from time to time 为介词短语,意为“时不时地”。同义词组为sometimes,at time。例如:
The temper gets the best of him from time to time. 他有时控制不住自己的脾气。
From time to time he fired questions at me. 他不时向我提出许多问题。
归纳 有关time的短语:
on time准时;in time 及时;all the time一直;kill the time 消磨时间
have a good time玩得开心;once upon a time 从前;很久很久以前
4. It’s been three years since we last saw our primary school classmates.距离我们最后一次见到小学同学已经三年了。
(1)该句型是:It is(has been)+时间+since+持续性动词的过去时,表示“自从……以来到现在已有多久。”例如:
It has been quite some time since I was last in London.我上次离开伦敦至今颇有一段时间了。
还可用于句型:It was+时间+since+持续性动词的过去完成时,表示“从……到过去某时间点以来”。例如:
It was three years since we had been here.那时我们在这已呆了三年。
(2)since作为介词,后接某一确定的时间点,主句谓语动词是持续性动词,常与现在完成时态、现在完成进行时态或过去完成时态连用。例如:
He left the village in 1982 and I haven’t seen him since then.
1982年他离开这个村子,从那以后我再没见过他。
She’s been working in a bank since leaving school.
她毕业后就一直在一家银行工作。
归纳 since还可作连词,引导时间状语从句
①若since引导的状语从句的谓语是终止性动词的过去时,则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。例如:
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.
自从他来到我们学校,他学习就非常努力。
②若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态动词的过去式时,则从句表示的时间是“从动作或状态结束时算起”。例如:
I haven’t heard any noise since I slept. sleep为持续性动词,sleep的动作结束时,即“醒来”时,所以这句应译为“我醒后还未听到任何声音”。
5. Yeah,his face always turned red when he talked to girls!是的。当他和女孩子交谈的时候脸就会变红。
turn=become 用作系动词,意为“变得”,后接形容词。例如:
In autumn the leaves turn yellow. 秋天树叶变黄。
turn还作名词,意为“顺序,轮流”。
①It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。例如:
It’s your turn to make a decision. 是你做决定的时候了。
②take one’s turn to do sth.=do sth. in turn=do sth. by turns轮流做某事。例如:
The nurses attended the patient in turn/by turns.=The nurses took turns to attend the patient.医生轮流给病人检查。
辨析：turn,get与become都表示“变”
①become可与形容词和名词连用。例如:
What do you have to do to become a pilot?
人们需要做些什么才能成为飞行员?
Richard became aware of the gravity of the situation.
理查德开始意识到情况的严重性。
②get与形容词连用,也可以用在lost,broken,dressed,married等过去分词的前面。例如:
It was getting very dark.天越来越黑了。(非正式)
You get younger every day.你越来越年轻了。(非正式)
有时可以用get加动词不定式来表示逐渐变化。
After a few weeks I got to like the job better.
几个星期以后,我逐渐地更喜欢这个工作了。
③turn大多用于看得见的或人人注目的状态上的变化。常用在表示颜色的词之前。例如:
She turned bright red and ran out of the room.她的脸一红,就跑出了屋子。
[易错警醒] 通常不用become来谈论有目的的行动。
Please get ready now.现在请作好准备。
不能说:Please become ready now.
6. I used to see him reading in the library every day.以前我每天都见他在图书馆里读书。
see sb. doing sth.表示“看到某人正在做某事”,强调“动作正在进行”。 如:
I saw her cleaning the classroom. 我看到她正在扫打教室。(强调正在做某事)
而see sb. do sth.表示“看到某人做某事了”,强调看见谁做过什么事。如:
I saw her clean the classroom. 我看到她打扫教室了。(强调做过这件事)
可用于这两种结构的此类词还有:see,watch,look at,notice,hear,listen to,feel等。
[易错警醒] see sb. do的do 是省略to的不定式,但是,如果变为被动,to不省略。例如:
He was seen to go into that room. 有人看见他进入那个房间了。
7. I interviewed 19-year-old Asian pop star Candy Wang.
我采访了19岁的亚洲流行歌星Candy Wang。
(1)interview 作动词,本身也可作名词“采访”,其名词形式为interviewer采访者→interviewee被采访者。例如:
I caught the chance to interview Chris Hani about this issue.
我抓住机会就这一问题采访了克里斯·哈尼。
When I went for my first interview for this job I arrived extremely early.
在参加这份工作的初次面试时,我到得非常早。
(2)19-year-old 由连字符的名词,构成的形容词,此时名词都用单数形式。例如:
I have a 6-year-old sister. 我有个六岁的妹妹。
My grandfather had his 89-year birthday. 我的爷爷过了89岁的生日。
[易错警醒] ①复合形容词中单词与单词之间要有连字符。
②复合形容词中的名词只能用原形。
③复合形容词在句子中只作定语,不作表语或补语。
④复合形容词前通常还有冠词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格、形容词性物主代词等修饰语。
(3)Asian adj. 亚洲的;亚洲人的n. 亚洲人。例如:
An Asian is a person born or living in Asia. 亚洲人是指出生或居住在亚洲的人。
Break Asian records and set sights on world level in sports.
在体育方面冲出亚洲,走向世界。
归纳 各大洲、各大洲的人
亚洲
欧洲
美洲
非洲
大洋洲
Asia
Europe
America
Africa
Australia
Asian
European
American
African
Australian
8. Candy told me that she used to be really shy and took up singing to deal with her shyness.
坎迪告诉我她过去真的很害羞,于是通过唱歌来应付她的羞怯。
(1)take up sth.=take sth. up “拿起,开始从事某事(尤指职业)”。例如:
She has taken up a job as a teacher. 她当上教师了。
He left a job in the city to take up farming. 他辞去城市的工作,开始务农。
归纳 take up的用法
①占,占地方
That big table takes up too much room.那张大桌子占的地方太大了。
Learning English takes up a lot of my time.学英语占了我许多时间。
②开始从事
He had studied Japanese for a year and a half before he took up English.
他开始学习英语之前已经学一年半日语了。
③讨论
We will take the next lesson up tomorrow.我们明天将要讨论下一课。
④ 从事;经手
The teacher took up the lesson where she stopped.
老师从昨天留下的部分开始讲。
⑤让乘客上车;接纳
The bus stopped to take up the students.公共汽车停下来,让这些学生上车。
(2)deal with 意义很广,常表示“对付、应付、处理、安排、论述、涉及”等。如:
They could properly deal with all kinds of situations.
他们能恰当地应付各种局面。
辨析：deal with和do with
do with 与deal with 都可作“处置”讲。do with 常与连接代词what连用,而deal with 常与连接副词how连用,如:
I don’t know how they deal with the problem.=I don’t know what they do with the problem.我不知道他们如何处理这个问题。
上面两句,介词with的宾语都是the problem,而deal是不及物动词,不带宾语,do是及物动词,其宾语是连接代词what。
再如:He is easy to deal with.=He is easy to do with. 他是容易相处的人。
这时的do和deal都是不及物动词,to deal with 和to do with是反射式不定式,其逻辑上的宾语是句子的主语。
9. As she got better,she dared to sing in front of her class,and then for the whole school.随着她的状况有所好转,她敢于在全班同学面前唱歌。
(1)dare用作实义动词时意为“敢于”,其后多接带 to 的不定式,有时 to 也可省去(尤其是在否定句或疑问句),可用于非谓语形式,完成时态等。例如:
Did he dare (to) tell her?他敢告诉她吗?
The boy stood before the teacher,not daring to look up.
这个小男孩站在老师面前不敢抬头。
I’ve never dared (to) ask her. 我从来不敢问她。
拓展：dare可用作情态动词,用作情态动词时,意思是“敢”,其后接动词原形,通常只用于否定句或疑问句以及if或whether之后,一般不用于肯定句。例如:
Dare you tell her the truth?你敢告诉她事实真相吗?
I don’t know whether he dare try. 我不知他是否敢试一试。
I daren’t ask her for a rise. 我不敢要求她加薪。
(2)for表目的“为了”。如:
What did you do that for?你干吗这样做?
That’s what we’re here for. 这正是我们来的目的。
[易错警醒] 在通常情况下,英语不用 for doing sth.来表示目的。如:他去那儿看他叔叔。
误:He went there for seeing his uncle.
正:He went there to see his uncle.
但是,若一个动名词已名词化,则可与 for 连用表目的。如:
He went there for swimming. 他去那儿游泳。(swimming 已名词化)
10. Now she’s not shy anymore and loves singing in front of crowds.现在她不再害羞,喜欢在众人面前唱歌。
not... anymore 也等于not...any more或no more,意思是“不再”。例如:
The baby no more cried.=The baby didn’t cry any more. 这个小孩不再哭了。
辨析：no more,not...any more,no longer与not... any longer
①no longer(=not...any longer),主要用来表示时间或距离的“不再”,意在对现在的情况和过去的情况加以比较,所以多用于现在时。它一般修饰延续性动词,表示某个动作或状态不再延续下去。例如:
You are no longer a child.=You aren’t a child any longer.
你已不再是个孩子了。
I don’t work here any more. (=I no longer work here.)
我不在这里工作了。(强调过去情况不再延续)
②no more(=not...any more),主要用来表示数量和程度,一般常修饰短暂性动词,指某动作不再重复发生,它所表达的是never again或“没有更多”的含义。例如:
He is no more a student.=He is not a student any more. 他不再是学生了。
I see him no more. (=I don’t see him any more.)我不再见到他了。(指动作的次数)
11. She explained that there are many good things,like being able to travel and meet new people all the time.
她解释说有许多美好的事情,像能够去旅游和不断结交新朋友。
be able to意为“能;会”,相当于can,此时的able是形容词,动词be有各种形式及变化。例如:
You must be able to speak French for this job.干这项工作你得会说法语。
Will you be able to cure him,Doctor?医生,你能把他治好吗?
辨析：be able to 与can
①be able to 强调通过努力而获得的能力,而can则强调自身已具有的能力。如:
She can sing the song in English. 她能用英语唱这首歌。
He will be able to sing this song in English in a few minutes,too.
几小时之后,他也能用英语唱这首歌。
②be able to 强调一种结果,而can只强调一种可能。如:
Luckily,he was able to escape from the big fire in the end.
幸运的是,他终于逃出了大火。
If he got here a few hours earlier,I could save him.
要是他早几小时来,我还能救他。
③be able to 可以有各种时态;而can只有一般现在和一般过去两种时态。如:
I could help you last night,but you didn’t come.
昨天晚上我能帮你,而你又没来。
Can you see it there?你能看见它在那儿吗?
He is/was/will be able to help you. 他能帮你的忙。
④can可用于表示可能性,推测,允许等情况,而be able to通常不这样用。
The man can’t be my teacher. 那个人不可能是我的老师。
[易错警醒] can有被动语态,主语为人或物皆可,而be able to只接不定式的主动形式,不接表示被动的不定式,也不可用无生命的名词作主语。例如:
The work is able to be done by him.(误)
He is able to do the work.(正)
例1 —How does Jack usually go to work?
—He _________drive a car,but now he _________there to lose weight.
A. used to;is used to walk B. was used to;is used to walking
C. was used to;is used to walk D. used to;is used to walking
【解析】 考查动词短语的用法。根据句意:他过去常常开车,但是现在他为了减肥习惯于步行去那儿。used to do意思是“过去常常”,be used to doing是“习惯于干某事”,所以选择答案D。
【答案】 D
例2 The teachers hope all of us can hand _________ our homework _________ time every day.
A. up; in B. out; on C. on; in D. in; on
【解析】 考查介词的用法。hand in 上交;on time 按时;in time 及时。根据句意“老师希望我们每天都能按时交作业。”故选D。
【答案】 D
例3 I’m looking after Tom today. He’s been in my house _________ 8∶00 this morning.
A. at B. for C. since D. till
【解析】 考查介词的意义和用法。since的意义是“自从……以来”,从过去某个时间一直到现在的意义,常常与现在完成时连用,故选C。
【答案】 C
例4 Kate is _________girl. She’s very happy at school.
A. a eighteen-year-old B. an eighteen-year-old
C. an eighteen-years-old D. a eighteen-years-old
【解析】 考查冠词和数词的用法。在元音音素开头的单词前面用冠词an;在辅音音素开头的单词前面用冠词a;数词和名词用“-”连接,名词用单数。故选B。
【答案】 B
例5—Which hobby do you think________ the least time?
—Collecting stamps.
A. takes up B. puts up C. gives up D. makes up
【解析】 考查动词词组。take up意思是“占用”;put up意思是“挂起”;give up意思是“放弃”;make up意思是“组成”。根据句意:你认为哪一项爱好占用最少的时间?故选A。
【答案】 A
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